• KSBB Journal
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2001

질소를 포함한 난분해성 오염불칠을 다량 함유한 축산폐수 (양돈폐수)의 오염물질을 효과적으로 처려를 위해서 생물학적 인 처리방안으로 활성슬러지 공정 및 입상활성란이 채워친 BACC 담제를 이용한 생물반응가에서의 유기물질 및 질소의 제거능에 때하여 조사하였다. 축산폐수를 일반 활성슬러지 공정으로 처려 할 경우 유압수를 희석하여 BOD 유입농도 약 600 mgfL의 폐수를 처리할 때 유출수의 BOD를 100 mgfL 이하로 유지하고자 할 경우 체류시간올 8일 이상 운전 해야하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 BACC 생물반응기에서 축산폐수를 처리할 때 체류시간이 200 시간일 때 유출수획 BOD, $COD_{Cr} $, TKN의 농도는 각각 94, 75, 64.3%의 제거효율을 나타내었다. BACC 생물반응기와 활성슬러지 공정을 비교 할 때 용적부하 0.3일 때 BOD 비기질제거속도가 활성슬러지 공정에서는 0.14 gBOD removedf L.day이고 BACC 생물반응기는 0.27 gBOD removed/L.day로서 통일부하에서 높은 제거효율을, 고부하에서도 안정된 제거효율을 나타내고 있기 때문에 BACC 생물반응기가 부하변통 및 고부하의 폐수처리에서 활성슬러지 공정보다 우수한 것으로 평가되었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.241-246
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• 2002

오늘날 섬유 염색공정에서 발생하는 염색폐수로 인해 많은 문제점들을 야기한다. 염색폐수에는 난분해성의 EG, PVA, TPA, 여러 종류의 계면활성제가 포함되어 있어 완전하게 처리하기가 어렵다. 현재 일반적으로 사용하고 있는 물리화학적 처리와 활성오니공정의 처리성을 향상하기 위하여 jet-loop reactor (JLR)와 물리화학적 처리를 결합한 새로운 공정을 개발하였다. JLR의 부피산소전달계수는 air-lift 반응기에 비해 아주 우수하였다. 또한 좀더 효율적인 처리를 위하여 JLR에 활성탄 담체를 적용하여 (JLRAS) 실험하였다. 체류시간이 8시간일 때 BOD, $COD_{Mn}$, $COD_{Cr}$, 색도 제거율은 각각 99, 86, 84, 83%로 우수하였다. JLRAS 성능은 $COD_{Mn}$의 부하 변동에도 아주 빠르게 회복되었다. 2차 물리화학적 응집처리의 최적 응집제로는 폴리황산제2철이며 130 mg/L 투입하였을때 $COD_{Mn}$과 색도의 제거율은 자각 85, 73%였다. 결론적으로 이 공정으로 난분해성의 많은 유기물을 효율적으로 처리할 수 있으며 운전비용도 감소시킬 수 있었다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.291-304
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• 2023

녹조로 널리 알려진 남조류 과다증식은 심미적 불쾌감뿐만 아니라 독성물질을 생성하기 때문에 댐 수질 관리에 있어 큰 문제가 되고 있다. 녹조 발생을 억제하기 위하여 호소 유역으로부터 유입되는 비점오염물질 특히, 영양염류 저감이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 친환경적 방법으로 알려진 인공습지의 장기간 운영 결과를 분석하여 비점오염물질 제어 수단으로서 인공습지의 적용 가능성 및 공정운영 관련 기초자료를 구축하기 위하여, 2014~2020년 동안 대청호 유역에 위치한 안내천 인공습지의 오염물질 처리효율을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, BOD 14.3%, COD 17.9%, SS 50.0%, T-N 19.0%, T-P 35.4%로 인공습지가 오염 물질 제거에 효과적임을 확인하였다. 계절별 처리효율은 오염물질별로 다른 경향을 보였는데, 주로 미생물의 반응에 의해 제거되는 BOD, COD, T-N은 겨울철에 비해 봄~가을에 높은 처리효율을 나타내었다. 그러나 수생식물에 의해 주로 제거되는 T-P는 처리효율에 있어 겨울에도 안정적인 처리효율을 나타내 호소 유입부하를 저감하는 데 효과적임을 확인하였다. 오염부하에 따른 제거율은 모든 오염물질이 유입수의 중간농도 및 고농도 구간에서 유출수 농도가 통계적으로 유의하게 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 초기 강우와 같은 고부하 조건에서도 인공습지가 호소로 유입되는 비점오염물질을 안정적으로 제거해 호소의 부영양화를 억제하는 데 효과적으로 활용될 수 있음을 보여준다. 다만, 습지는 자연정화에 기반한 시설로 인위적인 공정 제어가 어렵기 때문에 향후 유역별 특성에 따라 다양한 운영사례 연구가 정립된다면 우리나라 호소의 녹조 문제 해결을 위해 유용한 방법이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제6권10호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2006

본 연구에서 연속회분식반응기(SBR)를 이용한 유기물질과 영양염류(N, P)처리가 수행되었다. 이 연구 결과들을 요약하면 다음과 같다. BOD는 $19.6{\sim}40.0mg/L$의 범위로 유입되고, 처리수는 $3.0{\sim}14.8mg/L$로 실험기간의 경과에 따라 점차 안정적으로 처리되었다. 이때의 제거율은 $47.9{\sim}88.4%$로 평균 80.0%로 안정적인 제거율을 보였다. 그리고 COD는 $12.2{\sim}32.0mg/L$의 범위로 유입되었으며, 처리수는 $3.3{\sim}18.6mg/L$로 제거율은 $19.2{\sim}78.6%$로 평균 57.3%의 제거율을 보였다. 하지만 79일 이후의 평균 COD 제거율은 70.2%로 안정적인 제거율은 보였다. T-N의 경우 유입농도는 $7.53{\sim}14.99mg/L$, 처리수는 초기 79일까지는 평균 6.59mg/L로 제거율이 평균 40.3%로 낮았지만 시스템이 정상화된 80일 이후는 평균 4.44mg/L로 처리되어 그 제거율이 56.4%로 나타났다. 또한 T-P의 경우는 유입수의 농도는 $0.77{\sim}1.91mg/L$, 처리수는 $0.26{\sim}1.53mg/L$으로 제거율이 $5.3{\sim}71.7%$로 상당히 큰 변화를 보였으며, 평균제거율은 42.6%로 나타났다. 이는 MLSS 증가를 위해 슬러지 인발을 하지 않았기 때문으로 판단된다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.18-26
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• 1994

This research investigated efficient operation mode for the successful performance of SBR(sequencing batch reactor) treating fish processing wastewater, and the effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) on treatment efficiency. 2-hour-annerobic, 6-hour-aerobic and 3-hour-anoxic operation during reaction period was found an effective operating method for organic and nitrogen removal from fish processing wastewater in SBR system. The average removal efficiencies of COD, BOD, and total nitrogen in SBR operated continuousely were 91%, 95%, and 67.1%, respectively. The estimated values of biomass yield coefficient(Y), microbial decay coefficient($K_d$), and bioreaction rate constant(K) were $0.35gMLSS/gCOD_{removed}$, $0.015day^{-1}$, and $0.209hr^{-1}$, respectively. As NaCl concentration increased from 5 to 30g/L, sludge settleability was cnhanced but organic removal in the reactor was decreased. NaCl of influent had considerable relationship with COD removal, whereas it did not significant affect nitrogen removal.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.404-410
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• 2005

The pH efforts on the removal of 1,4-dioxane and the biodegradobility enhancement of dioxane contaminated water were investigated using $O_3/H_2O_2$ baled advanced oxidation process. Experiments were conducted using a bubble column reactor under different initial pH. The $O_3/H_2O_2$ process effectively converted 1,4-dioxane to more biodegradable intermediates which had a maximum $BOD_5$ enhancement at pH 11 within the experimental range, precisely, when the initial pH increased, $BOD_5$ enhanced. However, in case of removal efficiencies of 1,4-dioxane during $O_3/H_2O_2$ oxidation the optimum condition was shown at pH 9 compared with pH 6 and 11. TOC and COD values were not largely changed for all reaction time. From the results of 1,4-dioxane removal efficiency, TOC, COD, and $BOD_5$ enhancement with reaction time, it was surely observed that 1,4-dioxane was just converted to biodegradable materials, not completely oxidized to carbon dioxide.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2010

This study was performed to increase the removal efficiency of the biofilter packed with granular sulfur in municipal wastewater reclamation facility. Constituent units were influent water tank, denitrification tank, BOD reduction tank and outlet. And, the major operation factor is a biofilter packed with submerged granular sulfur. Actual wastewater and synthetic wastewater were used as influent wastewater. Experimental condition was divided into two phases according to the amount of a phosphorus coagulant. Total phosphorus removal efficiency was insignificant at mode I that phosphorus coagulant was not injected. The average influent and effluent total phosphorus concentrations at mode II were 0.5 ~ 1.0 mg/L and 0.27 mg/L, respectively. As for COD and BOD effluent concentrations, COD was 3.0 mg/L and BOD was 1.0 mg/L. Additionally, nitrogen removal rates were high at low influent DO concentration. In conclusion, a new process, biofilter packed with granular sulfur is expected to treat high-rate nitrogen wastewater and expected to be utilized as an alternative of technological innovation for the nitrogen treatment.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1981

During 20 days from November 4 to 28, 1980, the quantities of grease and oil, BOD (biological oxygen demand), COD (chemical oxygen demand), SS (suspended solid) were measured at Grit Chamber, Primary Sedimentation Tank, Secondary Sedimentation Tank in Chung Gye Chun sewage treatment plant. The results were as follows. 1. The average of grease and oil quantities were 251mg/l at Grit Chamber, 185mg/l at Primary Sedimentation Tank, 47mg/l at Secondary Sedimentation Tank. 2. In the secondary treatment for the removal of grease and oil, the removed quantities of grease and oil were increased according to increasing the quantities of influent grease and oil. The regression equation were as follows G.O.removed=0.731 G.O. influent+3.235 (r=0.887) 3. The average of grease and oil removal rate was 76.4% and the standard deviation of grease and oil removal rate daily was 10.6%. 4. G.O. (grease and oil) and BOD, COD, SS showed significant correlationship at Grit Chamber, Primary Sedimentation Tank, Secondary Sedimentation Tank. (P<0.05). 5. In the secondary treatment, effluent grease & oil and other parameters were analyzed by means of Stepwise multiple regression. Multple regression equation for estimates of effluent grease and oil were as follows. $GO_E=-9.1637+2.0380 SS_E+0.068 SS_I$ (r=0.778) 6. The correlative parameters for the effluent grease and oil seem to be the influent SS and the effluent SS. 7. It was estimated that the removal of grease and oil would be improved by means of improvement of suspended solids removal efficiency but it is necessary to inquire further into the study.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.418-427
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• 2015

This study was carried out to evaluate the performance of a lab-scale novel septic tank system for improving the conventional septic tank in the developing countries of water shortages. The lab-scale novel septic tank system consists of sepetic tank, aeration tank with HBC-ring, and sand filter. Optimum HRT was reguired about 1.5days to get a total COD removal efficiency of 90%, COD, BOD and SS removal efficiency was about 70%, 60%, and 85% in sepetic tank only. The structure of sepetic tank with two stages results in the high removal efficiency of organic matter. When sepetic tank, aeration tank, and sand filter were more than HRT 1.5days, 18hrs, and 12hrs, respectively, final effluent was less than 20 mg/L of BOD, 14 mg/L of SS, so that there is a high potential of its use for reusing water in flush toilet. There is no significant effect of HRT change on nutrient removal. Total nitrogen removal efficiency was about 40%, final effluent was 30~40 mg/L of TN, total phosphorus removal efficiency was about 11~25%, final effluent was 9~12 mg/L of TP. Because there is very small amounts of organic nitrogen and phosphorus in effluent, it was possible to reuse water for agricultural use.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.386-393
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the nutrient removal and biomass productivity in the wastewater using MMBR (Microalgae Membrane Bioreactor). MMBR process was combined OPPBR (Optical Panel Photobioreactor) and MBR (Membrane bioreactor). The OPPBR and MBR were operated 3 days and 9h HRT (Hydraulic retention time), respectively, using microalgae as Chlorella vulgaris. The obtained result indicated that the biomass productivity of 0.498 g/L/d with light transmittance of 92% at a 305 mm depth in the OPPBR was achieved. The total consumption of BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) in the MMBR were found to be 97.56% and 96.06%, respectively. Additionally, the removal of TN, $NO_3-N$, TP and $PO_4-P$ were 94.94%, 91.04%, 99.54% and 93.06% in MMBR, respectively. These results indicated that the MMBR process was highly effective for COD, BOD and nutrient removal when compared to the separate OPPBR or MBR process. The MMBR process was effective for nutrient removal and biomass productivity and can be applied to treat wastewater in sewage treatment plant.