• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.22-30
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• 1982

본 조사(本 調査)는 김해평야(金海平野)외 농업용수(農業用水)로 사용(使用)하고 있는 낙동강지류(洛東江支流)의 수질(水質)을 주요(主要) 양수장부근(揚水場附近) 6척지점(個地點)(대저, 식만, 봉림, 녹산, 마찰, 장유)에서 1981년(年) 5월(月), 7월(月) 및 10월(月)의 3회(回)에 걸쳐 채수분석(採水分析)함으로서 수질보전대책(水質保全對策)과 이 지역(地域)의 농업(農業)에 참고자료(參考資料)를 제공(提供)코자 하였다. 시기별(時期別) 각(各) 지점(地點)의 수온(水溫), 탁도(濁度), 증발잔류물(蒸發殘留物), pH, BOD, COD, DO, 경도(硬度), $Cl-,\;SO_4--,\;PO_4---,\;NH_4+,\;NO_3-,\;K+,\;Na+$, 일반세균(一般細菌), 대장균(大腸菌), 중금속(重金屬)(Cd, Pb, Cr, Fe, Zn)을 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1) 시기별(時期別) 모든 지점(地點)의 평균치(平均値)는 pH 7.8, BOD 6.3 ppm, COD 6.5 ppm, DO 6.4 ppm, 경도(硬度) 231 ppm, Cl- 582 ppm, $SO_4--\;412\;ppm,\;PO_4---\;2.32\;ppm,\;NH_4+$ 3.8 ppm, Na+ 478 ppm, 대장세균(大腸細菌) 2964개(個)/100ml, Cd 0.0040 ppm, Pb 0.006 ppm이었다. 2) 지점별(地點別) 오염도(汚染度)가 가장 높은 곳은 식만 양수장부근(揚水場附近)이었고 그 다음이 대저, 봉림, 녹산이었으며 비교적 오염도(汚染度)가 덜한 곳은 마찰, 장유양수장(揚水場) 부근(附近)이었다. 3) 오염도(汚染度)가 가장 높은 식만양수장(揚水場) 부근(附近)의 수질(水質)은 약간의 취기(臭氣)가 있을 뿐만 아니라 외관상(外觀上) 약간의 흑색(黑色)을 띄고 있었고, 분석평균치(分析平均値)는 pH가 8.0, BOD 8.1 ppm, COD 8.2ppm, DO 5.3ppm으로 농업용수기준(農業用水基準)의 한계(限界)에 도달(到達)하고 있었다. 이곳이 오염도(汚染度)가 높은 것은 김해시(金海市)의 주요(主要) 공장폐수(工場廢水)가 이곳으로 집중(集中) 배출(排出)되기 때문인 것으로 본다. 4) 시기별(時期別) 각(各) 성분(成分)의 차리(差異)는 뚜렷한 경향(傾向)이 없었으며 다만 DO가 10월(月)이 5월(月) 및 7월(月)보다 높게 나타났고 $NH_4+$는 10월(月)이 5월(月) 및 7월(月)에 비(比)해서 낮게 나타났을 뿐이다. 5) 각(各) 지점(地點)이 $NH_4+$함양(含量)이 높아 실소질비료(室素質肥料)의 시비(施肥)에 이를 고려(考慮)해야 할 것이며, Cl- 및 Na+함양(含量)은 평수시(平水時)에는 별문제(別問題)가 없을 것이나 갈수기(渴水期)에는 관개(灌漑)에 주의(注意)를 해야 할 것으로 본다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제25권B호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2005

From 2000 to 2004, the research was carried out at Naerin-cheon and Inbook-cheon, the upper streams of Soyang Lake, to study the relationship between precipitation and eutrophication-causing water pollutants, BOD, T-N and T-P. During the five years, the amount of flowing water was measured, and the water quantity was examined under different precipitation levels. From the observation, outflow patterns of the water pollutants and changes in the water quality factors at the time of rainfall were clarified. In addition, estimation of the unit load was made for each stream; for Naerin-cheon at the time of rainfall, we estimated BOD to be $1,112kg/km^2/year$, T-N to be $2,077kg/km^2/year$, and T-P to be $223kg/km^2/year$; for Inbook-cheon at the time of rainfall, we estimated BOD to be $1,229kg/km^2/year$, T-N to be $1,565kg/km^2/year$, and T-P to be $255kg/km^2/year$. For the time of no rainfall different estimation was made; for Naerin-cheon, we estimated BOD to be $2,403g/km^2/day$, T-N to be $5,004g/km^2/day$, and T-P to be $53g/km^2/day$; and for Inbook-cheon, we estimated BOD to be $1,550g/km^2/day$, T-N to be $2,283g/km^2/day$, and T-P to be $42g/km^2/day$.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2000

In this study, sewage were treated with operating Two-step Aeration System and conventional activated sludge process together in a condition. At the same HRT 8hr of Two-step Aeration System and Activated Sludge Process, BOD treatment efficiency of 1st sedimentation basin effluent 36.9% by Two-step Aeration system was 12.3% higher than 24.65 by Activated Sludge Process and the COD treatment efficiency 39.8% by two-step Aeration System was 11.6.3% higher than 28.2% by Activated Sludge Process. BOD and COD treatment efficiencies of 2nd sedimentation basin effluent were 88.1% and 85.6% Two-step Aeration System and were 83.8% and 82.3% Activated Sludge Process. In the first treatment, as BOD was relatively removed a lot, F/M ratio 0.17, $0.21{\cdot}BOD/kg{\cdot}MLSS.d$ was maintained by Activated Sludge Process. Therefore it was proved that organic matter treatment efficiency by Two-step Aeration System os Higher than by Activated Sludge Process in a aeration time 8hr. $NH_4^{+}-N$ treatment efficiencies were 55.5% by Two-step Aeration System and 39.75 by Activated sludge Process. $NO_3^{-}-N$ concentration in 2nd. sedimentation basin effluent were 3.33% by Two-step Aeration System and 2.36% by Activated Sludge Process. From this result, Two-step Aeration System was proved more advantageous treatment process for nitrification than Activated Sludge Process. The fluctuation range of BOD, COD and SS concentration in 2nd sedimentation basin effluent $16~33mg/{\ell}$, $15~23mg/{\ell}$ and $14~22mg/{\ell}$ by Two-step Aeration System was smaller than $16~57mg/{\ell}$, $15~25mg/{\ell}$ by Activated sludge Process. Overall the fluctuation range in 2nd sediment basin effluent by was smaller than by Activated Sludge Process. As a result, it is possible for this Two-step Aeration with no facility investment and a little of operation condition change in a conventional sewage treatment plant to get stability and nitrification of treatment water quality.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.424-430
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• 2006

Since 1985, the Gangwon Institute of Health and Environment(GIHE) and Ministry of Environment have collected rivers and streams water quality data in an ambient surface water monitering program. This study was prepared to propose an achievement of water quality of rivers subject to management by area according to an created level while establishing a water quality level applicable to the Gangwon area. As a result of evaluating correlativity on the BOD-based water quality data, BOD versus TP, and TP versus SS demonstrated significance at a confidence level of 95%. Evaluating correlativity on $10{\sim}90$ percentile values of analyzed data, a coefficient of determination, $r^{2}$ of BOD versus TP, and TP versus SS were 0.625, 0.286 respectively. Grading the results by evaluation method, the representative values of TP were 0.030 mg/l for I level, 0.100 mg/l for II level, 0.200 mg/l for Ill level, 0.300 mg/l for IV level, and 0.350 mg/l for V level, and those of SS were indicated 4.0 mg/l for I level, 15.0 mg/l for II level, 30.0 mg/l for III level, 45.0 mg/l for IV level, and 60.0 mg/l for V level. As for the limiting factor allowing the water quality standard exceeded, BOD posted 61% as the factor was found in 11 places, TP 28%, and SS 33%.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.40-50
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• 2017

We were interested in the long-term temporal and spatial variability trends of water quality. Trend tests such as the Seasonal and Regional Kendall tests and LOWESS (LOcally WEighted Scatter plot Smoother) have been recommended as outstanding tools for trend detection. In this study, we conducted four types of nonparametric trend tests (Seasonal and Regional Kendall tests, LOWESS, and flow-adjusted Seasonal Kendall). We aimed to identify water quality trends using the monthly data for five variables (BOD, COD, TN, TP, and flow) collected from 24 sites in the Nakdong River from August 2004 to December 2013. According to the Regional Kendall test, BOD, COD, and TN increased but TP decreased trend. The Seasonal Kendall test showed that BOD, TN, and TP remained constant at 62.5-83.3% of the sites. COD remained constant at 58.3% of the sites. LOWESS showed that TP gradually increased between 2007 and 2008, then decreased slowly at the Gumi, Geumhogang6, Daeam-1 and Milyanggang3 sites. BOD increased slightly between 2008 and 2009, and then decreased slowly at the Namgang4-1 site. Lastly, a flow-adjusted Seasonal Kendall test was conducted. There were different results between Seasonal Kendall and flow-adjusted Seasonal Kendall tests at 11 of the 24 sites. According to the results from six of the eleven sites, BOD increased at one site, showed no trends at three sited, and decreased at two sites. Each of COD, TN increased at two, one site. but TP decreased at two sites.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2005

The effects of municipal sewage treatment plants on the water quality and effluent loading were investigated. BOD removal rates from Wonju, Hoengseong, and Hongcheon municipal sewage treatment plants were $88.9\%,\;80.6\%,\;90.7\%$ and T-P removal rates were $47.3\%,\;56.5\%,\;71.6\%,$ respectively. Also, BOD effluent leading from WonJu, Hoengseong, and Hongcheon treatment plants were 1,520 kg/day, 75 kg/day, 55 kg/day and T-P effluent loading were 203.9 kg/day, 4.2 kg/day, 4.0 kg/day, respectively. In terms of water quality distribution by distance of flow, BOD of the Seom river rapidly rose from 1.6 mg/l to 4.0 mg/l and T-P rose from 0.034 mg/l to 0.321 mg/l. Also BOD of the Hongcheon river showed a slowly rise from 1.1 mg/l to 1.4 mg/l and T-P from 0.011 mg/l to 0.026 mg/l. In conclusion, the effects of municipal sewage treatment plants on the water quality proved that T-P was higher than BOD. Consequently, in order to improve water quality, it is necessary to adopt an advanced sewage treatment system like nutrient removal.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2015년도 학술발표회
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• pp.335-335
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• 2015

행주대교 하류 약 3km 지점에 위치한 신곡수중보는 한강종합개발 사업 중 하도정비로 인한 상시수위 저하로 인해 발생하는 문제를 해결하기 위해 설치되었으며, 취수장의 취수심 확보, 주운수심 확보, 염수 역류에 의한 생태계의 변화 방지, 하천 주면의 지하수위 저하 방지 목적으로 건설되었다. 본 연구에서는 신곡수중보의 존치, 이전 혹은 철거로 인한 수질변화를 모의를 실시하였다. 한강 본류와 임진강 합류를 고려하여 총 495개 수질모의 셀을 구성하였고, 수질모의를 위한 WQ Cell은 길이가 100 m~340 m로 임진강 47개, 한강 448개로 총 495개의 셀로 구성하였으며, 주요 지천이나 오염원으로 신곡보 하류에는 공릉천, 신곡보와 잠실보 사이에는 창릉천, 서남과 난지물 재생센터, 안양천, 홍제천, 중랑천, 탄천, 잠실보 상류에는 왕숙천, 월문천, 덕풍천 등 9개 지천과 2개 물 재생센터를 포함하였으며 잠실보 상류에서의 생활용수 취수를 고려하였다. 수온, BOD, 조류의 경계조건은 환경부에서 제공한 2011년 3월과 4월의 측정자료를 사용하였다. 그 결과, 신곡보 철거시 수온의 변화는 서해로부터의 차가운 해수의 역류 증가로 임진강, 파주, 전류, 장항습지까지 수온이 최대 $0.94^{\circ}C$ 크게 하강할 것으로 나타났으나 행주, 가양, 영등포는 오히려 수온이 $0.03{\sim}0.04^{\circ}C$ 미미하게 상승할 것으로 나타났으며 현재의 신곡보가 수온의 급격한 변화를 완층하는 역할을 담당하여 왔으나 보가 철거되면서 이러한 수온 완충역할이 사라지기 때문으로 분석되었다. 신곡보 철거시 BOD 농도의 변화는 잠실보 하류쪽으로는 BOD 농도가 최대 1.02 mg/l 감소하는 등 전반적으로 수질이 크게 개선될 것으로 나타나는 반면 잠실보 상류쪽으로는 BOD 농도가 최대 0.56 mg/l 증가하며 현재의 1급수 수질에서 2급수로 수질이 악화되어 상수원 수질 관리가 어려울 것으로 예상되었다. 신곡보 철거시 조류 농도의 변화는 잠실보 하류쪽으로 조류 농도가 최대 1.85 mg-A/l 감소하는 등 전반적으로 수질이 크게 개선될 것으로 나타나는 반면 잠실보 상류쪽으로는 조류 농도가 최대 0.40 mg-A/l 증가하며 고조위 기간에는 조류주의보 기준 1.5 mg-A/l를 초과하는 경우도 발생하여 상수원 취수에 문제가 발생할 가능성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.631-636
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• 1991

방향족화합물을 생분해하는 미생물을 분리하여 생물학적 처리에 응용하기 위해 폐수 및 토양에서 150종의 균을 분리하였다. 그 중에서 COD 제거율과 방향족화합물의 이용능이 가장 우수한 HC107균을 선발하여 Pseudomonas sp.로 동정하였다. 활성슬러지 장치에서 Pseudomonas sp. HC107 배양액을 2ml/day씩 처리하면서 화학, 제약 및 도료공장의 폐수를 혼합하여 연속처리한 결과 처리수의 COD, BOD 및 phenol 제거율이 평균 92.5%, 95.53 및 93%.5로 나타났다.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2003년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.587-590
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• 2003

Wetland systems are widely accepted natural water purification systems around the world in nonpoint sources pollution control. In this study, the field experiment to reduce nonpoint source pollution loadings from agricultural drainage and polluted stream waters using wetland and pond system was performed. The removal rate of $BOD_5$, TSS, T-N and T-P during growing season was 7.2%, 64.3%, 57.0%, and 60.3%, respectively. And removal rate of $BOD_5$, TSS, T-N and T-P during winter was -49.5%, -56.1 %, 30.5%, and 47.1%, respectively. In this study, pond-wetland system is more effective than wetland-pond system to remove nutrient.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.783-786
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• 2008

The main goal of this study is to understand the effects of direct-runoff of chemistry and organic fertilizers which are adsorbing to sediment from farmland and non-point source discharge characteristics which are discharged to stream with soil erosion when rainfalls. pollutographs of TSS, BOD, COD, TN, and TP were measured for 10 rainfall events at watershed. EMC (Event Mean Concentration) were calculated for each rainfall event using quality and quantity measured. The result shows that the EMC ranges of 95% confidence intervals are 50.5-203 mg/L for TSS, 0.8-14.2 mg/L for $BOD_5$, 4.2-20.7 mg/L for $COD_{Mn}$, 0.2-0.5 mg/L for TP, 2.4-4.5 mg/L for TN, 1.36-3.04 mg/L for NO3--N, 0.13-0.42 mg/L for NH4+-N and 0.82-1.77 mg/L for TKN.