• Toxicological Research
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.189-195
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• 2003

The protective effects of BNs-3 and BNs-7, extracts of citrous orange peel, on the obesity induced by ad libitum feeding a cholesterol-containing diet to rats were investigated. The animals were fed on the diet including cholesterol (0.5%) with or without the citrous orange peel extracts BNs-3 (5%) and/or BNs-7 (0.1%) for 8 weeks. The ad libitum feeding a diet containing cholesterol to rats from 6 weeks of age increased the body weight gain compared with that of rats fed on a normal diet. Such an increase in body weights was markedly attenuated by the addition of BNs-3 or BNs-7 to the diet. Especially, a combinational feeding on BNs-3 and BNs-7 significantly reduced the body weight gain below that of normal diet-fed animals. Interestingly, the weights of abdominal adipose tis-sues surrounding epididymides were greatly reduced by the citrous orange peel extracts, in parallel with the decrease in body weights. In addition, blood concentrations of lipids including cholesterol were also lowered by the combinational treatment with BNs-3 and BNs-7. Taken together, it is suggested that the obesity and overweight produced by unrestricted overfeeding on diet with cholesterol may be partially due to the accumulation of abdominal adipose tissues, around the epididymides in rats, and that citrous orange peel extracts might exert antiobese activities by reducing the adipose tis-sues as well as blood lipid concentrations.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.162-169
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to reorganize the course of basic nursing science (BNS). Methods: The curriculums of 10 leading nursing colleges (domestic and abroad) were analyzed. And a survey was performed on 178 nursing students to identify the perceived level of knowledge, clinical application, the adequacy of class hours and further improvements for the course of BNS. Results: The various levels of credits and percentage were found in the curriculums of other nursing colleges (12-18 credits and 8.6, 13.6%, respectively). The perceived levels of knowledge, clinical application were directly proportional to the adequacy of class hours, and students suggested the increment of class hours and in-depth study. Based on these results, the course of BNS was reorganized as follows: 1) The course of BNS was divided into 2 courses (BNS 1, 2) and total credits were increased to 5 credits. 2) The BNS 1 course was focused on basic concepts to understand human anatomy and physiology. And BNS 2 consisted of detailed structures and functions of human body system. 3) 12 Quizzes were added. Conclusion: The efforts to reorganize the curriculum of BNS might strengthen nursing students' ability to understand nursing phenomena, help student with academic performance and clinical training.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.4913-4916
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• 2016

Objective: As a source of information, medical data can feature hidden relationships. However, the high volume of datasets and complexity of decision-making in medicine introduce difficulties for analysis and interpretation and processing steps may be needed before the data can be used by clinicians in their work. This study focused on the use of Bayesian models with different numbers of nodes to aid clinicians in breast cancer risk estimation. Methods: Bayesian networks (BNs) with a retrospectively collected dataset including mammographic details, risk factor exposure, and clinical findings was assessed for prediction of the probability of breast cancer in individual patients. Area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were used to evaluate discriminative performance. Result: A network incorporating selected features performed better (AUC = 0.94) than that incorporating all the features (AUC = 0.93). The results revealed no significant difference among 3 models regarding performance indices at the 5% significance level. Conclusion: BNs could effectively discriminate malignant from benign abnormalities and accurately predict the risk of breast cancer in individuals. Moreover, the overall performance of the 9-node BN was better, and due to the lower number of nodes it might be more readily be applied in clinical settings.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2014

Objective: This study evaluated the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of fixed orthodontic treatment with three different light-cured orthodontic bonding composites by analyzing micronucleus (MN) formation in the buccal mucosa during a 6-month period. Methods: Thirty healthy volunteers were selected from consecutive patients referred for orthodontic treatment. Equilibrium 2 brackets and molar tubes (Dentaurum) were bonded with three different lightcured orthodontic bonding composites-Transbond XT (3M Unitek), Kurasper F (Kuraray Europe), or GrenGloo (Ormco Corporation)- to all teeth in both arches. Exfoliated buccal epithelial cells were scraped from the middle part of the inner cheeks with sterile cement spatulas before treatment and at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. MNs and nuclear alterations, such as karyorrhexis (KR), karyolysis (KL), and binucleated cells (BNs), were scored under a light microscope. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to calculate statistical differences in degenerative nuclear abnormalities. Results: MN rates did not significantly differ among different time points within the same cell type (p > 0.05). In contrast, the number of BNs in buccal epithelial cells significantly increased in all composite groups (p < 0.01, Transbond XT; p < 0.001, Kurasper F and GrenGloo). KL frequency significantly increased between the beginning and end of the study in the Kurasfer F ($0.80{\pm}0.79$ to $1.90{\pm}1.10$; p < 0.05) and GrenGloo ($1.30{\pm}1.06$ to $2.40{\pm}1.08$; p < 0.05) groups. Conclusions: After 6 months of fixed orthodontic treatment with different light-cured composites, morphological signs of cytotoxicity were observed but genotoxic effects were absent.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제9C권3호
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• pp.313-322
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 IETF CAT Working Group에서 발표한 PKNIT 기반의 인증서비스를 향상시킨 Kerberos 인증 메커니즘을 제안한다. PHNIT기반의 X.509, BS/DNS를 적용하여 영역간의 서비스를 제공하는 인증과 키 교환방식으로 DNS를 통해 외부영역의 위치를 탐색하고 X.509 디렉토리 인증 시스템을 적용, 영역간 체인(CertPath)으로 DNS 서버로부터 공개키를 획득하여 다른 영역을 인증하도록 하였다. 영역간 인증과 키 교환은 Kerberos의 관용키 암호방식을 사용하고 세션 연결은 공개키 방식에 기반을 둔 X.509를 연동시키기 위하여 디렉토리서비스를 이용하였다. 이로써 Client를 확인하기 위한 임의 난수 키($K_{rand}$) 생성과 이로 인한 이중 암호화 과정을 배제하였으며 통신상의 Overload를 감소시키는 효과와 인증절차의 간소화를 가지는 Kerberos 시스템을 설계하였다.