• Title/Summary/Keyword: BMP(Biochemical methane production)

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The Bioenergy Conversion Characteristics of Feedlot Manure Discharging from Beef Cattle Barn

  • Oh, Seung-Yong;Kim, Chang-Hyun;Yoon, Young-Man
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.48 no.6
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    • pp.697-704
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    • 2015
  • This study was carried out to assess bioenergy conversion efficiency by biogas and solid fuel production in the cattle feedlot manure discharged from beef cattle barn. Feedlot manure was sampled from the cattle farmhouse located in Yong-in, Gyeonggi during the mid-fattening stage, periodically. The chemical characteristics, BMP (Biochemical methane potential) and HV (Heating values) of feedlot cattle manures were analyzed. Total solid contents of cattle feedlot manure were in the range of 29.98~44.28%, and volatile solid contents were in the range of 23.53~24.47%. In the anaerobic digestion of cattle feedlot manure, the methane production potential has increased from 0.141 to $0.187Nm^3kg^{-1}-VS_{added}$. The methane production of fresh cattle feedlot manure showed the range $0.141{\sim}0.187Nm^3kg^{-1}$-Manure (average $0.047Nm^3kg^{-1}$-Manure), the LHVs (lower heating values) of the produced methane were in the range of $316{\sim}560kcalkg^{-1}$-Manure (average $400kcalkg^{-1}$-Manure). In the direct combustion of fresh cattle feedlot manure, the LHVs were measured in the range of $747{\sim}1,271kcalkg^{-1}$-Manure (average $916kcalkg^{-1}$-Manure), and LHVs of solid fuel which have the water content of 20% were in the range of $2,694{\sim}2,876kcalkg^{-1}$-Manure (average $2,791kcalkg^{-1}$-Manure). Then, the drying energy of average $443kcalkg^{-1}$-Manure was consumed in the production of solid fuel which has a water content of 20%. Therefore, the direct combustion of cattle feedlot manure showed about 2.3 times higher LHV than the LHV of methane produced by anaerobic digestion. And LHV of solid fuel was about 6.0 times higher than the LHV of methane produced by anaerobic digestion. Then, the production of solid fuel presented more bioenergy conversion efficiency than the biogas production in the bioenergy use of cattle feedlot manure.

High-rate Anaerobic Co-digestion of Food Waste and Sewage Sludge (음식물쓰레기와 하수슬러지의 고율 혐기성 통합소화)

  • Heo, Nam-Hyo;Chung, Sang-Soon
    • New & Renewable Energy
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    • v.1 no.2 s.2
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    • pp.60-72
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    • 2005
  • The effect of alkaline pre-treatment on the solubilization of waste activated sludge(WAS) was investigated, and the biodegradability of WAS, pretreated WAS, [PWAS], food waste and two types of mixture were estimated by biochemical methane potential [BMP] test at $35^{\circ}C$. The biodegradability of PWAS and mixture waste were significantly improved due to the effect of alkaline hydrolysis of WAS. An alkaline pre-treatment was identified to be one of the useful pre-treatment for improving biodegradability of WAS and mixture waste. In high-rate anaerobic co-digestion system coordinate with an alkaline pre-treatment in process, the digesters were operated at the HRT of 5, 7, 10 and 13 days with a mixture of FW $50\%\;and\;PWAS\;50\%,\;$In term of $CH_4$ content, VS removal and specific methane production [SMP] which are the parameters in the performance of digester, the optimum operating condition was found to be a HRT of 7 days and a OLR of 4.20g/L-day with the highest SMP of 0.340 L $CH_4/g$ VS.

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A Study on Characteristics of Solubilization and Biogas Production for Sewage Sludge using Thermal Pretreatment (열적가용화공정을 이용한 하수슬러지의 가용화 특성 및 바이오가스 생산량 평가)

  • Jeong, Seong-Yeob;Yeon, Ho-Suk;Lee, Chang-Yeol;Lee, Jong-In;Chang, Soon-Woong
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.46-54
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    • 2015
  • In this study, an applicability of thermal pretreatment for primary and secondary sludge, which are generated in a sewage treatment plant, was evaluated. The efficiency and charateristics was investigated with each sludge after pretreatment under the condition of $100{\sim}220^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. As the result, it was found that $SCOD_{Cr}$, $NH_4{^+}$, VFAs concentrations increased as the pre-treatment temperature increased. For COD solubilization, it was also highly dependent on an increase of temperature resulting in acceleration on hydrolysis and acid fermentation. In the BMP (Biochemical Methane Potential) experiment, for the primary sludge, it showed the higher biogas production rate at a temperature of $220^{\circ}C$, however, the effect was insignificant (5.6%). Whereas, for the secondary sludge, the increase on biogass production rate was 38.8% ($180^{\circ}C$) and this means that the secondary sludge is more suitable for an applicability of thermal pretreatment.

The Measurement of Biochemical Methane Potential in the Several Organic Waste Resources (유기성 폐자원별 메탄 생산 퍼텐셜 측정 연구)

  • Kim, Seung-Hwan;Kim, Hyun-Cheol;Kim, Chang-Hyun;Yoon, Young-Man
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.43 no.3
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    • pp.356-362
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    • 2010
  • This research studied the bio-methane potential of several waste biomass materials as alternative sources for biogas production, and the laboratory procedure for measuring the biochemical methane potential was described. The wastes from four agro-industries (sewage, livestock, food wastewater treatment sludge and cattle rumen substance generating in slaughter house) were evaluated as substrates for the assay of biochemical methane potential. In order to estimate the ultimate methane yield, two empirical equations (modified Gompertz equation and exponential equation) was investigated. The ultimate methane yield of sewage, livestock, food sludge and lumen substance estimated by the modified Gompertz equation were 0.086, 0.147, 0.146, and 0.121 L $CH_{4}\;g^{-1}\;VS_{added}$, respectively. The ultimate methane yield estimated by the exponential equation were 0.109, 0.246 and 0.174 L $CH_{4}\;g^{-1}\;VS_{added}$ in sewage, livestock sludge and lumen substance. And the ultimate methane yield estimated by the exponential equation showed more high values in the range of 26.7 ~67.3% than the ultimate methane yield estimated by the modified Gompertz equation.

Recovery of Sustainable Renewable Energy from Marine Biomass

  • Gurung, Anup;Oh, Sang-Eun
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.45 no.2
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    • pp.156-161
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    • 2012
  • Marine biomass is considered an important substrate for anaerobic digestion to recovery energy i.e. methane. Nevertheless, marine biomass has attracted little attention by researchers compared to terrestrial feedstock for anaerobic digestion. In this study, biochemical methane potential (BMP) test was used to evaluate generation of renewable energy from starfish. A cumulative biogas yield of $748{\pm}67mL\;g^{-1}VS^{-1}$ was obtained after 60 days of digestion. The cumulative methane yield of $486{\pm}28mL\;CH_4\;g^{-1}VS^{-1}$ was obtained after 60 days of digestion. The methane content of the biogas was approximately 70%. The calculated data applying the modified Gompertz equation for the cumulative $CH_4$ production showed good correlation with the experimental result obtained from this batch study. Since the result obtained from this study is comparable to results with other substrates, marine biomass can be co-digested with food waste or swine wastewater to produce $CH_4$ gas that will help to reduce the gap in global energy demand.

Effect of Phase Separation on Anaerobic Degradation of Phenol (페놀의 혐기성분해에 대한 상분리의 영향)

  • Park, Ju-Seok;Shin, Hang-Sik;Bae, Byung-Uk
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.27-33
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    • 1994
  • With the rapid industrialization, an ever-increasing quantity and kind of new organic compounds pose environmental problems due to their toxicity and physiological effect. However, research on the biodegradation of these compounds under anaerobic condition is very limited inspite of its efficiency and economical advantage. In this research, the pH effect on the ring cleavage of phenol under anaerobic condition was investigated, and the theory of phase separation was applied to the degradation of phenol for investigating the role of acidogenic bacteria. Results, obtained from biochemical methane potential(BMP) assay for 15.5 days of incubation, showed that acidic condition was more desirable for phenol degradation than alkaline condition. By both unacclimated methanogenic granular sludge and two mixed cultures, phenol was completely removed within six weeks of incubation with a gas conversion rate of over 86% of theoretical one. However, phenol was not degraded by unacclimated acidogenic culture, and thus it is considered as a syntrophic substrate. In case of phase separated biochemical methane potential(PSBMP) assay, in which acidogenic and methanogenic culture were seeded separately and consecutively, those that had been subjected to normal acidogens for 3 to 4 weeks showed higher gas production than those seeded with sterile or frozen culture.

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Evaluation of the Biogas Productivity Potential of Fish Waste: A Lab Scale Batch Study

  • Kafle, Gopi Krishna;Kim, Sang Hun
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.37 no.5
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    • pp.302-313
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: The biogas productivity potential of fish waste (FW) was evaluated. Methods: Batch trials were carried out in 1.3 L glass digesters kept in a temperature controlled chambers at $36.5^{\circ}C$. The first order kinetic model and the modified Gompertz model were evaluated for biogas production. The Chen and Hashimoto model was used to determine the critical hydraulic retention time (HRT $_{Critical}$) for FW under mesophilic conditions. The feasibility of co-digestion of FW with animal manure was studied. Results: The biogas and methane potential of FW was found to be 757 and 554 mL/g VS, respectively. The methane content in the biogas produced from FW was found to be 73% and VS removal was found to be 77%. There was smaller difference between measured and predicted biogas production when using the modified Gompertz model (16.5%) than using first order kinetic model (31%). The time period for 80%-90% of biogas production ($T_{80-90}$) from FW was calculated to be 50.3-53.5 days. Similarly, the HRT $_{Critical}$ for FW was calculated to be 13 days under mesophilic conditions. The methane production from swine manure (SM) and cow manure (CM) digesters could be enhanced by 13%-115% and 17%-152% by mixing 10%-90% of FW with SM and CM, respectively. Conclusions: The FW was found to be highly potential substrate for anaerobic digestion for biogas production. The modified Gompertz model could be more appropriate in describing anaerobic digestion process of FW. It could be promising for co-digestion of FW with animal manure.

Operation of UASB Reactor for Treatment of Dairy Wastewaters (유가공폐수 처리를 위한 UASB 반응조 운전)

  • Bae, Byung-Uk
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.37-45
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    • 1995
  • The performance and the operational problems of UASB(Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactor for treatment of dairy wastewaters were investigated. Synthetic milk wastewater was successfully treated up to the loading rate of 3.9kg $COD/m^3.day$, with a specific gas production rate of 1. 23 I/I. day and a COD removal efficiency of over 90%. However, the sludge rising was observed at the loading rate of 2.1kg $COD/m^3.day$, due probably to the formation of scum layer at the surface of settling compartment. The BMP(biochemical methane potential) of raw milk wastewater and ice cream wastewater, measured by using SBT(serum bottle test), were 0.135 and 0.66ml $CH_4/mg\;COD_{added}$, respectively. The sludge activity increased more than 8 times from 0.159g $COD-CH_4/g$ VSS. d during 90 days of operation.

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Anaerobic codigestion of urban solid waste fresh leachate and domestic wastewaters: Biogas production potential and kinetic

  • Moujanni, Abd-essamad;Qarraey, Imane;Ouatmane, Aaziz
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.38-44
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    • 2019
  • The Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) of fresh leachate and domestic wastewaters codigestion was determined by laboratory Bach Tests at $35^{\circ}C$ over a period of 90 d using a wide range of leachates volumetric ratios from 0% to 100%. To simulate wastewaters plant treatment step, all the ratios were first air stripped for 48 h before anaerobic incubation. The kinetic of biogas production was assessed using modified Gompertz model and exponential equation. The results obtained showed that cumulative biogas production was insignificant in the case of wastewaters monodigestion while the codigestion significantly improves the BMP. Air stripping pretreatment had positive effect on both ammonium concentration and volatiles fatty acids with reduction up to 75% and 42%, respectively. According to the Modified Gompertz model, the optimal anaerobic co-digestion conditions both in terms of maximal biogas potential, start-up period and maximum daily biogas production rate, could be achieved within large leachate volumetric ratios from 25% to 75% with a maximum BMP value of 438.42 mL/g volatile solid at 50% leachate ratio. The positive effect of codigestion was attributed to a dilution effect of chemical oxygen demand and volatile fatty acid concentrations to optimal range that was between 11.7 to $32.3gO_2/L$ and 2.1 to 7.4 g/L, respectively. These results suggested that the treatment of fresh leachate by their dilution and co digestion at wastewaters treatment plants could be a promising alternative for both energetic and treatment purposes.

Optimization of Methane Yield in Anaerobic Digestion of Sewage Sludge with Microwave Pretreatment (극초단파 전처리를 적용한 하수슬러지 혐기성소화에서 메탄수율 최적화)

  • Park, WoonJi;Lee, GwanJae;Lee, DongJun;Lee, SeoRo;Choi, YuJin;Hong, JiYeong;Yang, DongSeok;Lim, KyoungJae
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.62 no.2
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    • pp.17-29
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    • 2020
  • The objective of this study was to find an optimum methane yield condition in anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge with microwave pretreatment. The pretreatment process was carried out using a lab scale industrial microwave unit (2,450 MHz frequency). The digestion efficiency of pretreated sludge was evaluated by biochemical methane potential (BMP) test. Box-Behnken design and Response Surface Analysis (RSA) were applied to determine the optimal combination of sludge mixing ratio (0 to 100%), power (400 to 1600 W), holding time (0 to 10 min) and pretreatment temperature (60 to 100℃). BMP test results showed that Volatile Solid (VS) removal efficiency was up to 48% at a condition of 0% for mixing ratio, 1600 W for power, 5 min for holding time, and 80℃ for pretreatment temperature. Methane production was up to 832.3 mL/g VSremoved at a condition of 50% for mixing ratio, 1000 W for power, 5 min for holding time, and 80℃ for pretreatment temperature. The results of the variance analysis (ANOVA) showed that the p-value of the power and pretreatment temperature among the independent variables were significant (p<0.05), and in particular, the pretreatment temperature significantly affected on the solubilization and methane production. The optimum condition for the maximum methane yield (847 mL/g VSremoved) was consist of 38.4% of mixing ratio, 909.1 W of power, 4.1 min of holding time, and 80℃ of temperature within the design boundaries.