• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.254-260
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• 2013

Purpose: Recently, vitamin D insufficiency has increased and has been correlated to growth and puberty in children. This study was conducted to find the prevalence of subclinical vitamin D insufficiency and its influence on school-aged children in Korea. Methods: The subjects of this study were 397 children aged 7 to 15 years who had been tested for 25-OH vitamin D3 among the outpatients of the Department of Pediatrics in Eulji General Hospital from March 2007 to February 2011. Data for age, sex, comorbidities, serum 25-OH vitamin D3, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and sunlight exposure time were collected before and after 3 months of vitamin D administration, retrospectively. Results: Vitamin D insufficiency was present in 343 (86%) of the subjects. In the vitamin D insufficient group, chronological age was $8.96{\pm}1.72$ years, mean height (z-score [z]) was $0.51{\pm}1.26$, mean BMI (z) was $0.81{\pm}2.20$, and bone age was $10.26{\pm}1.75$ years. In the vitamin D sufficient group, chronological age was $9.61{\pm}1.77$ years, mean height (z) was -$0.66{\pm}0.98$, mean BMI (z) was -$0.01{\pm}1.16$, and bone age was $9.44{\pm}2.12$ years. A paired t-test showed that three months after vitamin D administration, the mean 25-OH vitamin D3 level in the insufficient group increased to $24.38{\pm}10.03$ ng/mL and mean BMI (z) decreased to $0.67{\pm}1.06$. Conclusion: In Korean school-aged children, vitamin D insufficiency were relatively higher and may be closely related with higher BMI. Insufficient rise of the level of vitamin D after supplementation suggest the new supplementation guidelines, especially for Korean children.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.439-446
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• 2020

Purpose: The evidence for an association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and obesity is conflicting. Therefore, we set out to review the body mass index (BMI) at presentation of IBD to understand if the rise of the obesity rate in the general population, lead to an increase of obesity in patients with IBD at the time of diagnosis. Methods: Retrospective review of all patients with IBD seen at Children's Hospital and Medical Center from January 1st 2010 to December 31st 2014. From the initial visit and endoscopy, we obtained: age; sex; BMI; disease phenotype; disease severity. Results: We had a total of 95 patients, 35 patients were excluded due to incomplete data or referral being made after diagnosis was made. 28 were males and 32 were females, Age range was 2-17 years. A 37 had Crohn's disease, 19 ulcerative colitis, and 4 indeterminate colitis. Disease severity in 19 cases was mild, 29 moderate and 12 severe. BMI distribution was as follows-obese (5.0%), overweight (6.7%), normal weight (65.0%), mild malnutrition (8.3%), moderate malnutrition (15.0%), severe malnutrition (1.7%). Conclusion: Our data is consistent with other series. Showing most children had a normal BMI, regardless of disease severity or phenotypes. One confounding factor is the possibility of delay in referral to GI. This could mean some obese children may fall in the normal BMI range at the time of diagnosis due to ongoing weight loss. Future studies should include prospective cohort studies, comparing incidence of IBD in obese and non-obese patients, severity at presentation, duration of symptoms, and clinical outcomes.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.32-37
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychological characteristics of the Sasang constitutions by using Braverman nature assessment (BNA). Methods: One hundred seventy-four students participated in this study, and among them, the 142 individuals who had clearly identified Sasang constitutional types were used for the analysis. Sasang constitutions and the Braverman temperaments of the subjects were determined by using a questionnaire for the Sasang constitution classification (QSCC) II and BNA, respectively. Body mass index (BMI) was used to compare the inclinations of the Sasang constitutions and Braverman temperament types. Results: Significant differences in Braverman temperament type existed among the Sasang constitutions (P = 0.042), and the relations between Soyangin and the dopamine type and between Taeeumin and the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type were meaningful. Significant differences were also shown in the comparison with the Yin and the Yang constitutions (P = 0.017), and the post-hoc analysis showed a strong and significant relation between the Yang constitution and the dopamine type and between the Yin constitution and the GABA type. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the independent t-test were conducted to examine the BMI and the degree of obesity among the Sasang constitutions and the Braverman temperament types. Concerning the BMI, Taeeumin showed a bigger BMI than the other constitutions (P < 0.001), but no significant differences in the BMI were observed between the Braverman temperament types. Conclusion: Soyangin has a close relationship to the dopamine type and Taeeumin has a close relationship to the GABA type. The correlation between two types were more clear when the Yin and the Yang types were compared to Braverman temperaments. These results may serve as a basis for identifying the psychological traits of Sasang constitutional types, especially in regard to the characteristics related to the four Braverman temperament types.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.95-101
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• 2012

Objectives : This work aimed to reveal the relations between Health-related Quality of Life and Body mass index, age, gender in Sasang Constitution. Methods : 1108 subjects who visited Korean medicine hospital in Jeonju for regular health examination surveyed SF-12. Their Sasang constitution were diagnosed by 1 Sasang constitution medicine specialist. ANOVA (Analysis of variance) was carried out to compare SF-12 sub scales differences among each constitutions. Regression analysis was performed to reveal effects in changes of BMI, age, and gender to SF-12 sub scales. Results : TE type gets more BMI, has more physical limits, even those of SE and SY type are not limited by these reasons. Contrary, SE type feels more vitality when they get higher BMI. SE type women have low mental health status than that of SE type men, though they don't have any specific disease. Conclusions : This is the first work of analysis between quality of life and Sasang Constitution's BMI, age, and gender. To reveal factors which affect quality of life in each Sasang constitutions, more rigorous works are required.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2009

Metabolic syndrome is increasing nowadays and one of causes is obesity. Therefore prevention and treatment of obesity is very important to decrease of Metabolic syndrome. However currently many pharmacotherapy for obesity are popular in Korea and it may be dangerous. The aim of this study is to evaluate the purpose and relevance of obese treatment in two areas (capital & local) of Korea and suggest to guide for the right directions of pharmacotherapy in obesity treatment. We selected and surveyed 90 patients (88 females, 2 males, age of $23{\sim}60$) at random who received a prescription after consulting with a doctor at several clinics of Cheongju-area and Seoul-area, from May thru June, 2007. And we evaluated their prescriptions. In results, only 26.7% were obese (13.3%, 2325), most 73.3% patients were normal (65.6%, 18.5$m^2$). The purpose of treatment was for appearance (38.9%), health (41.1%) or both (18.9%, p<0.01). 94% patients had the past history of obese treatment. Prescriptions were consisted of CNS stimulant, anticonvulsants, antidepressant, laxatives, diuretics, or antianxietics. Obese treatment is very important for health to prevent disease such as Metabolic Syndrome. However it should not be abused. In conclusion, some patients of obese treatment is not relevant to obesity and pharmacist role is important to guide them for the right directions in obesity treatment.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.121-126
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• 2008

Pulse diagnosis refers to the process of diagnosing a patient by feeling an artery on the wrist based on the shape that the pulse take s while the hold-down pressure increase. The styloid process artery on the wrist is usually felt, and the pulse is taken on Chon, Gwan and Cheok using three fingers. This study is to examine the structural difference in the location of pulse diagnosis by measuring and analyzing blood diameter, blood depth, and blood flow velocity of the location of pulse diagnosis by using ultrasonic wave (VOLUSION730 PRO, GE Medical, U.S.A). This study also attempted to grasp whether the characteristics of blood vessels differ depending on Body Mass Index (BMI) and analyzed their correlation with Oriental medical pulse diagnosis. The male subjects without cardiovascular diseases were divided into the normal BMI group, the underweight group and the overweight group and 10 people of each group were measured, Blood depth, blood diameter and blood flow velocity at the location of pulse diagnosis (Chon, Gwan, Cheok) of the wrists of left and right hands were measured and the pulse wave was measured by using pulse diagnosis instrument (3-D Mac, DaeyoMedi, Korea).The results of this study showed that the characteristics of blood vessels differ depending on the degrees of obesity, and the characteristics of floating pulse and sinking pulse of Oriental medical pulses were related to the degrees of obesity. This shows that the characteristics of the blood vessels of subjects and BMI information are the major indicators for diagnosis and are the matters that must always be considered when developing the algorithm of pulse diagnosis.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.518-518
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• 2002

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.160-166
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The obese population is rapidly increasing because of reduced physical activity and a Westernized diet; consequently, various chronic diseases are more prevalent. With the increasing interest in body shape and appearance, research on body shape perceptions and accompanying weight control behaviors are needed for healthy weight management. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on randomly selected 536 (209 men and 327 women) aged 20 to 65 years. Body mass index (BMI), body-shape perception, weight control behavior, quality of sleep, and place of residence were collected using self-reported questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted using complex design in each groups. Collected data were analyzed using the SAS 9.4 statistical package, and the significance level was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: When these two variables were divided into four groups, they were found to influence dieting attempts. People with abnormal weights who were dissatisfied with their body shapes attempted dieting 5.23 times more than those with healthy weights and satisfaction with their body shapes. Further, those with normal weights but dissatisfaction with their bodies attempted dieting 4.45 times more than those who were satisfied with their shapes. Subjects in their 20s attempted dieting 2.53 times more than those in their 30s and 40s, and female subjects attempted dieting 2.24 times more than male subjects. CONCLUSIONS: A correct perception of one's shape can be an important factor for dietary behavior, as body shape perceptions and dieting attempts are strongly related. Additionally, healthy weight management and nutrition education are important elements to incorporate into a weight control program aimed at preventing excessive weight control behaviors and promoting correct perceptions of body shape.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2006

This research analyzed the hematological index and health related habits such as alcohol drinking, smoking and exercise, by classifying 539 middle-aged men (age: 40 - 59) into a normal weight group, an overweight group and an obese group, according to BMI (body mass index). As a result, 33.6% (n = 181) of subjects had a BMI of 23 or less and 30.2% (n = 163) were overweight and 36.2% (n = 195) were obese (BMI > 25). The average systolic/diastolic blood pressures of total subjects were 130.96mmHg and 80.38mmHg, respectively. And the average pressure of normal subjects was 126.85/77.57mmHg, which was significantly lower than in overweight and obese subjects. Diastolic blood pressure shows significant differences among the three groups. The overall average cholesterol level of normal subjects was 193.81mg/dl, which was significantly lower than those in overweight subjects. Those in obese subjects were significantly higher than in overweight subjects. The GOT (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase), GPT (glutamic pyrutic transaminase), ${\gamma}$-GTP (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) levels of obese subjects were significantly higher than in the overweight subjects. Frequency of alcohol drinking showed no significant difference among the groups. The smoking ratio in the obese group was higher than in the normal and overweight groups. The ratio of smokers was 53.1 %, and the alcohol drinking ratio was 81.0% of the total subjects. The frequency of drinking showed significant correlations with systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05) and diastolic blood pressures (p < 0.01) and ${\gamma}$-GTP (p < 0.01). The duration of smoking showed a negative correlation (p < 0.01) with diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and ${\gamma}$-GTP. On the other hand, exercising frequency showed negative correlations with blood glucose, ${\gamma}$-GTP and GPT(p < 0.01). These hematological indices were correlated with health related habits such as alcohol drinking, smoking and lack of exercise, and to be the cause of chronic diseases. Therefore, proper nutritional education is needed to establish advisable health related habits to maintain proper body weight. (J Community Nutrition 8(2): 63-68, 2006)

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to research the distorted self-perception of body image held by many college students. Method: The subjects in this study consisted of 189 female college students and 125 male college students. The data were obtained through self-reported questionnaires completed by the students between April 1 and April 10, 2005. The data were analyzed by frequency and a $x^2$-test in the SPSS/pc 10.0 statistical program. Result: While female students tend to perceive themselves as being more overweight than they actually are according to their BMI scores, male students consider themselves to be thinner than they actually are according their BMI scores. Conclusion: Many female and male college students have a distorted self-perception of body weight. These findings indicate that health care providers need to do a better job of educating college students about normal body weight.