• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.396-404
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to determine current consumer awareness of Omija (Schizandra chinensis Bailon) fruit in order to develop ready-to-drink (RTD) Omija-flavored beverages using qualitative consumer analysis. A series of four different focus group interview sessions were conducted using carefully chosen consumers with specific demographics, and each group involved eight respondents. Consumer's qualitative reactions regarding Omija fruit, Omija extract products, ready-to-drink beverages and Omija-flavored RTD beverages were explored. Distinct differences in consumer awareness and consumption patterns of Omija extract and RTD beverages were observed between consumers in their 20s and consumers in their 30s to 50s. The expected sensory characteristics of Omija-flavored RTD beverages were also different based on participants' age. Findings from the current study can aid product developers utilizing Omija fruit by providing valuable insights into current consumer behavior and consumer awareness regarding Omija.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.21-24
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• 2020

We investigated a solution-driven Yttrium Tin Oxide (YSnO) film that was imprinted using a parallel nanostructure as a liquid crystal (LC) alignment layer. The imprinting process was conducted at the annealing temperature of 100℃. To evaluate the effect of this process, we conducted surface analyses including atomic force microscopy (AFM). During imprinting, the surface roughness was reduced, and anisotropic characteristics were observed. Planar LC alignment was observed at a pretilt angle of 0.22° on YSnO film. Surface anisotropy induced by imprinting method forces LC to align along the direction of the parallel nanostructure, which is an alternative to conventional polyimide treated using a rubbing process.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.817-824
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• 1995

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of dietary protein level on Ca efficiency in bone mineral density in growing male rats. Twenty male rate were divided into two groups. The rats in one group were fed on casein 20% diet as control group and the others were fed on casein 40% diet as protein group. All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks. The total body, spine and femur bone mineral density and bone mineral content were measured using dual energy-x ray absorptiometry. Urinary calcium, phosphate, pyridinoline and creatinine, serum calcium, phosphate, total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and osteocalcin were measured. Urinary Ca excretion, pyridinoline and crosslinks value and serum ALP content seem to be increased in high protein group. It appears that the growing rats in high protein group had a higher bone resprption and bone formation than those in control group. Animal fad a high protein diet had a siginficantly higher Ca efficiency in BMD, BMC of total body, spine and femur. The results of this show that increasing of dietary protein level (40%) is beneficial of improvement of Ca efficiency during growing period.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.173-191
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• 2009

Civil infrastructures are always subjected to various types of hazard and deterioration. These conditions require systematic efforts to assess the exposure and vulnerability of infrastructure, as well as producing strategic countermeasures to reduce the risks. This paper describes the needs for and concept of advanced sensor technologies for risk assessment of civil infrastructure in Japan. Backgrounds of the infrastructure problems such as natural disasters, difficult environment, limited resource for maintenance, and increasing requirement for safety are discussed. The paper presents a concept of risk assessment, which is defined as a combination of hazard and structural vulnerability assessment. An overview of current practices and research activities toward implementing the concept is presented. This includes implementation of structural health monitoring (SHM) systems for environment and natural disaster prevention, improvement of stock management, and prevention of structural failure.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.609-625
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• 2015

Management of infrastructure stock is essential in sustainability of society, and its analysis and optimization are studied in the light of control system modeling in this paper. At the first part of the paper, cost of stock management is analyzed based on macroscopic statistics on infrastructure stock and economical growth. Stock management burden relative to economy is observed to become larger at low economic growth periods in developed economies. Then, control system modeling of stock management is introduced and by augmenting maintenance actions as control input, dynamic behavior of stock is simulated and compared with existing time history statistics. Assuming steady state conditions, applicability of the model to cross sectional data is also demonstrated. The proposed model is enhanced so that both preventive and corrective maintenance can be included as system inputs, i.e., feedforward and feedback control inputs. Optimal management strategy to achieve specified deteriorated stock level with minimal cost, expressed in terms of preventive and corrective maintenance actions, is derived based on estimated parameter values for corrosion of steel bridges. Relative cost effectiveness of preventive maintenance is shown when target deteriorated stock level is lower.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
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• pp.127-129
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• 2002

A new type of fiber-reinforced polymeric materials for the main body and the arc chamber of the low-voltage circuit breakers was developed. The tensile and the flectional strength of the three kinds of thermoplastic resins for the cover of MCCBs(Molded case circuit breakers) increase much higher than those made of BMC that has been used. In a high current-breaking test, an experimental MCCB with the new insulating material showed no-cracks on the bodies.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2001

This study was carried out to prove the anti-allergic effect of SPS-GM, which is gained by controlled Cytokines making all the difference to Th2 cell development. The results were obtained as follows : 1. From the SPS-GM treatment about BMC cell, in case of the IL-4, an important factor of the Th2 cell development, SPS-GM didn't show considerable effect. 2. The INF-${\gammer}$, mutual Cytokines of IL-4, was increased more than twice. 3. Histamine from the Master cell and Nitric oxide from indisposition response were a little decreased. According to the above results, it is suggested that SPS-GM has anti-allergic effect.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2001년도 ICCAS
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• pp.65.2-65
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• 2001

There are not only lots of controllers such as UMC(Unit Master Controller), BMC(Boiler Master Controller), Fuel Flow controller, Air flow controller, Feed water flow controller, S/H R/H Temperature controller and so on, but also compensation controller such as BTU compensator, Fuel/Water ratio controller and O2 Co controller to take automatic control in the super critical once through boiler. It is important to make complete automation of boiler to use the compensation controller like BTU compensator. For example, In case of some boiler condition, operator has to change combustion parameter for changing the coal, on the contrary BTU compensator can calculate set value of the fuel flow and reset the fuel flow demand by itself. This paper shows us the logic and instruction regarding compensation controller of boiler that can be operated automatically.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.357-360
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• 2019

We demonstrate an alignment technology using an imprinting process on an inorganic NiOx film. The aligned nanopattern was fabricated on a silicon wafer by laser interference lithography. The aligned nano pattern was then imprinted onto the sol-gel driven NiOx film using an imprinting process at an annealing temperature of $150^{\circ}C$. After the imprinting process, parallel grooves had been formed on the NiOx film. Atomic force microscopy and water contact angle measurements were performed to confirm the parallel groove on the NiOx film. The grooves caused liquid crystal alignment through geometric restriction, similar to grooves formed by the rubbing process on polyimide. The liquid crystal cell exhibited a pretilt angle of $0.2^{\circ}$, which demonstrated homogeneous alignment.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.566-575
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• 2004

To compare the dietary intakes and body composition in the stage of puberty, this study was conducted with 360 girls aged 9 to 12 years in Seoul Korea. Girls's general information and 3-day diet records were collected, fat mass was measured by Inbody 3.0, bone mass at right calcaneus was measured by PIXI and pubertal development was self-assessed by picture of Tanner stages. The results are as follows: Girls who had breast development were 79.7% and 15.8% had pubic hair development. Mean of BMI, BMC and BMD were significantly higher at breast stage3+(19.6 kg/$m^2$, 1.62 kg, 0.47 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$) than at the breast stage2 (18.2 kg/$m^2$, 1.47 kg, 0.44 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$) or breast stage1(16.3 kg/$m^2$, 1.32 kg, 0.39 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$) (p < 0.001). Percent body fat of breast stage1, 2, and 3+ were 19.7%, 23.1%, 25.3% respectively and significantly increased during the puberty (p < 0.001). The mean of energy intake was 1629 kcal in stage1, 1664 kcal in stage2 and 1577 kcal in stage3+ showed significant difference in the breast stages (p < 0.05). Energy adjusted sodium intakes and crude fiber intakes were significantly higher in breast stage3 + than other breast stages. For zinc and iron, proportions of subjects with intake levels less than 75% of Korean RDA was over 40% and significantly higher in breast stage3+ than other stages (p < 0.05) ; for protein and vitamin E, the proportions of subjects with intake levels more than 125% RDA was significantly higher in the stage 1. The nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) for protein and phosphorous was significantly lower in breast stage3+ than other stages. The food groups of seed and nut were 4.7 g/day, 2.3 g/day, 1.8 g/day, respectively, and was significantly higher in breast stage 1. In summary, mean of BMI, BMD, BMC and percent of body fat were increased with pubertal development, and those who had higher breast developmental stage showed a lower amount of consumption level in energy, seeds and nuts, and also showed a higher amount of consumption level in energy adjusted sodium and fiber among Korean girls.