• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.359-362
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• 2008

This study examined the efficacy of needle-acupuncture (AP) at Nei Guan (PC06) and Xin Shu (BL15) on canine tachycardia. A total of 18 beagle dogs were divided into three groups: a control (6 heads), PC06 (6 heads) and PC06 (6 heads) group. Tachycardia was induced by an intramuscular injection of glycopyrrolate. No treatment was given to the control group. Needle-AP at PC06 and BL15 were applied simultaneously at the same time as the glycopyrrolate injection for 20 minutes in PC06 and BL15 groups, respectively. The changes in R-R intervals and respiration rates were determined. The changes in the R-R intervals in the PC06 and BL15 groups were significantly higher than the control group. The R-R intervals of the BL15 group were significantly higher than in the PC06 group. The changes in the respiration rates in the PC06 group were similar to those of the control group. However, the respiration rates in the BL15 group were significantly lower than the control and PC06 groups. In conclusion, needle-AP at PC06 and BL15 is effective in assisting in the recovery from induced canine tachycardia. However, needle-AP at BL15 is more effective than that at PC06.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.345-349
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of needle-acupuncture (needle-AP) at PC06 and BL15 on xylazine induced bradycardia in dogs. Total 12 dogs were divided into control (4 dogs), PC06 (4 dogs) and BL15 (4 dogs) groups, respectively. As for the treatments in each group, control group was injected with xylazine only. PC06 and BL15 groups were treated by needle-AP during 20 minutes at the same time of xylazine injection. The changes of heart rates, R-R intervals and respiratory rates were investigated on pre, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes after xylazine injection. The change of heart rates in experimental PC06 and BL15 groups revealed significant increase on 10 (p<0.05) and 20 minutes (p<0.05) after xylazine injection, compared with those of control group. In addition, heart rates in PC06 group showed increased value on 30 minutes (p<0.05) after xylazine injection, comparing with those of BL15 group. The changes of respiratory rates in experimental PC06 and BL15 groups revealed significant increase on 20 minutes (p<0.05) after xylazine injection, compared with those of control group, however, significance was not found between experimental groups. In conclusion, needle-AP at PC06 and BL15 were effective for improvement of xylazine induced canine bradycardia and needle-AP at PC06 was more effective than that at BL15.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2021

Objectives : This study was conducted to explain the locations of GV24, BL4, GB15, GB13, and ST8 from classic literatures. Methods : 17 classics of acupuncture and moxibustion literature - 『Huangdimingtangjingjixiao』, 『Zhenjiujiayijing』, 『Huangdimingtangjiujing』, 『Beijiqianjinyaofang』, 『Qianjinyifang』, 『Waitaimiyaofang』, 『Ishimpo』, 『Taipingshenghuifang』, 『Tongrenshuxuezhenjiutujing』, 『Zhenjiuzishengjing』, 『Shisijingfahui』, 『Zhenjiujuying』, 『Yixuerumen』, 『Zhenjiudacheng』, 『Leijingtuyi』, 『Chimgukyungheombang』 and 『Yizongjinjian』 - were reviewed and compared. Results : Location of GV24 was on the midpoint of the anterior hairline before Song Dynasty, but changed to 0.5 cun directly above the midpoint of the anterior hairline after Song Dynasty. The locations of BL4, GB13 and ST8 varied among literatures. Conclusions : The locations of GV24, BL4, GB15, GB13 and ST8 were different from the standard acupoint locations, and were not consistent in 17 acupuncture and moxibustion classic literatures.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.7-14
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the correlation between Cobb's angle and digital infrared thermographic imaging(DITI) on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Methods : A total of 56 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were classified into four groups according to their Cobb's angle. Four groups were made for each increment of $5^{\circ}$: group $5-10^{\circ}$, group $11-15^{\circ}$, group $16-20^{\circ}$, and group $21-25^{\circ}$. Next we checked thermal differences of 6 acupoints(GB21, BL13, BL15, BL20, BL23, BL26) on DITI and analyzed correlation by SPSS ver. 20.0.0 for windows. Results : 1. The average patient age was approximately 13 years old. 2. The majority of patients complained of pain on both sides. 3. Significant correlation was found between group $11-15^{\circ}$ and group $16-20^{\circ}$, group $16-20^{\circ}$ and group $21-25^{\circ}$ on Simsu(BL15) by Duncan test. Conclusion : Using DITI, Simsu(BL15) is expected to be a valid indicator for the diagnosis and treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.121-126
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• 1983

This study is conducted with a view to make correct sexual differentiation by the utilization of discriminant functions. For that purpose were randomly sampled out 148 young adults testes, comprising 67 males and 81 females, ranging from 15 through 18 years fo age. Based on the values made available from the measurement of 6 items corresponding to the maxillary cast models, a statistical analysis was made to abstract feasible discriminant functions. The results findings are as follows: 1. The mean value by sex indicates, in all items, higher one in male group than in female group. 2. Through the measurement were defined as singnificant items in sexual differentiation the bucco-lingual dimensions of canine, 1st-molar, 2nd molar, and 1st bimolat width. 3. Derived from the value from measurement items were discriminant functions with the intention of applying them to sexual differentiation, as follows: 1) Y=-25.4112+0.7513BL3+0.3298BL4-0.2854BL5+0.7350BL6-0.3482BL7+0.2893AW (as tested by Method I) 2)Y=-25.0628+0.7737BL3+0.7468BL6-0.3885BL5+0.2951AW(as tested by Method II) BL3 : Bucco-lingual dimension of upper canine BL4 : Bucco-lingual dimension of upper first prmolar BL5 : Bucco-lingual dimension of upper second premolar BL5 : Bucco-lingual dimension of upper first molar BL6 : Bucco-lingual dimension of upper second molar AW : Upper first bimolar width 4. Sexual defferentiation in terms of descriminant functions represented a probility of 74.6%.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.492-505
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• 2022

This study is a study on the results of improving the logic to effectively transmit and decode compressed data in real time by improving the encoding and decoding performance of BL-beta codes that can be used for lossless real-time transmission of IoT sensing data. The encoding process of BL-beta code includes log function, exponential function, division and square root operation, etc., which have relatively high computational burden. To improve them, using bit operation, binary number pattern analysis, and initial value setting of Newton-Raphson method using bit pattern, a new regularity that can quickly encode and decode data into BL-beta code was discovered, and by applying this, the encoding speed of the algorithm was improved by an average of 24.8% and the decoding speed by an average of 5.3% compared to previous study.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.349-356
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• 1998

The aim of the experiments was to investigate the effect of Semen Cuscutae aqua-acupuncture at the meridian point BL 20(脾兪) and BL 23(賢兪) on the blood pressure, plasma renin activity, plasma levels of aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The results of this study were as follows: 1. Systolic blood pressure was decreased significantly after Semen Cuscutae aqua-acupuncture at the meridian point BL 20, BL 23. 2. Plasma renin activity was increased significantly after Semen Cuscutae aqua-acupuncture at meridian point BL 23, BL 20. 3. Plasma levels of aldosterone was increased significantly after Semen Cuscutae aqua-acupuncture at the meridian point BL 20. 4. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was increased significantly after Semen Cuscutae aqua-acupuncture at the meridian point BL 23, but it was decreased significantly after Semen Cuscutae aqua-acupuncture at the meridian point BL 20. These results suggest that the changes of the depressor response after Semen Cuscutae aqua-acupuncture at the meridian point BL 20, BL 23 are related to the changes of the plasma renin activity, plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and aldosterone.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 2004

Objectives : The purpose of this report is a study on the correlation between parasympathetic nerve system and Back-shu points. Methods : We have studied about the correlation between anatomical distribution of parasympathetic nerve system and that of Back-shu points. Back-shu points are located on the back area as the acupoints of Bladder Meridian(BL), doing its own organic physical and pathological working and directly connected with its own organ. Results and Conclusions : 1. It is suggested that Back-shu points has correlation with parasympathetic nerve system could be Pangguanshu(BL28), Zhonglushu(BL29), Baihuanshu(BL30), Ciliao(BL32), Zhongliao(BL33), Xialiao(BL34), Shangliao(BL31), Xiaochangshu(BL27), Baohuang,(BL53) Zhibian(BL54) etc. 2. We proved acupuncture treatment on the nearby spinal area could be one of the method that could stimulate parasympathetic nerve system. 3. The symptom of parasympathetic nerve system's disorder is similar to Back-shu points' chief efficacy a lot. And we proved the Back-shu points which has relation with parasympathetic nerve system as distribution of nerve system are only located at sacral area.

• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.52-62
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• 2014

Objective : The aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of Korean Medicine treatment on post-hysterectomy syndrome patients by thermographic change during treatment. Methods : 5 female patients who had a hysterectomy within a year were treated with Korean Medicine concluding acupuncture, herbal medicine, cupping therapy, herbal bath. We evaluated the thermographic differences by checking Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(D.I.T.I.) at CV17(膻中), CV4(關元), ST3(巨髎), BL15(心兪), and BL23(腎兪). Results : In consequence of Korean Medicine Treatment for 3 weeks, thermographic differences between CV17(膻中) and CV4(關元), ST3(巨髎) and CV4(關元), BL15(心兪), and BL23(腎兪) tended to decrease. Conclusion : After Korean Medicine treatment, thermographic differences between upper body and lower body tended to decrease cause shangrexiahanzheng(上熱下寒證) made by hysterectomy became moderated.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.150-161
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• 2019

Objectives : The authors aimed at contributing to the safety of acupuncture in the clinic by analyzing the information of contraindicated acupoints described in Uihakipmun. Methods : We investigated the contents related acupuncture contraindications in Uihakipmun, categorized the contraindicated acupoints by site and identified whether they can cause adverse events from the anatomical point of view. Results : In Uihakipmun, 49 acupoints - BL6, BL8, BL9, ST1, SI18, BL1, BL2, TE18, TE19, TE20, GB1, GB3, GV22, GV24, ST12, ST9, TE16, GV6, BL15, BL30, CV17, LU2, GB22, SP16, CV8, CV9, CV15, KI11, ST30, SP11, BL56, GB32, GB33, GB42, LI13, HT2, TE8, GV17, GB18, EX-HN11, GB21, GV11, GV10, ST17, CV5, CV1, ST42, SP6, LI4 - were described as contraindicated acupoints. Among them, the contraindications induced by acupuncture treatment were described for just 5 acupoints. Anatomically, acupuncture stimulation at the contraindicated acupoints can cause organ, nerve or vessel damage near the acupoints. And the number of contraindicated acupoints in Uihakipmun was increased compared to those in Hwangjenaegyeong, Chimgugabeulgyeong, Bigeupcheongeumyobang, Donginsuhyeolchimgudogyeong and Chimgujasaenggyeong. Conclusions : In Ming dynasty, the knowledge associated with adverse events on acupuncture was increased by the accumulation of medical knowledge. Acupuncture stimulation at the contraindicated acupoints described in Uihakipmun can cause tissue damage, therefore we should perform acupuncture procedure carefully to avoid adverse events when stimulating the contraindicated acupoints.