• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.253-262
• /
• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of Cervi Pantotrichum Cornu Pharmacopuncture at Pyesu($BL_{13}$) on Chronic Cough. Methods : 6 patients with the cough treated with Cervi Pantotrichum Cornu Pharmacopuncture at Pyesu($BL_{13}$), then self-conscious complain rates were studied. Results : There are remarkable improvement in self-conscious complain rate about cough, sputum, sore throat, runny nose, chest pain, fatigue which chronic cough patients complained. Conclusions : Cervi Pantotrichum Cornu Pharmacopuncture is effective to chronic cough.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.8-15
• /
• 2021

Objectives : This study was conducted to explain the locations of GV24, BL4, GB15, GB13, and ST8 from classic literatures. Methods : 17 classics of acupuncture and moxibustion literature - 『Huangdimingtangjingjixiao』, 『Zhenjiujiayijing』, 『Huangdimingtangjiujing』, 『Beijiqianjinyaofang』, 『Qianjinyifang』, 『Waitaimiyaofang』, 『Ishimpo』, 『Taipingshenghuifang』, 『Tongrenshuxuezhenjiutujing』, 『Zhenjiuzishengjing』, 『Shisijingfahui』, 『Zhenjiujuying』, 『Yixuerumen』, 『Zhenjiudacheng』, 『Leijingtuyi』, 『Chimgukyungheombang』 and 『Yizongjinjian』 - were reviewed and compared. Results : Location of GV24 was on the midpoint of the anterior hairline before Song Dynasty, but changed to 0.5 cun directly above the midpoint of the anterior hairline after Song Dynasty. The locations of BL4, GB13 and ST8 varied among literatures. Conclusions : The locations of GV24, BL4, GB15, GB13 and ST8 were different from the standard acupoint locations, and were not consistent in 17 acupuncture and moxibustion classic literatures.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.61-67
• /
• 1998

재조합 인간상피세포 성장인자(rhEGF)가 E. coli BL21(pYHB101) 균주를 사용하여 발현되었다. 10g/L glucose를 첨가한 변형된 MBL 배지를 사용하여 10 $\mu\textrm{m}$ IPTG/lactose로 2시간 동안 유도배양한 후 27$^{\circ}C$에서 48시간 동안 배양하였을 때 44.5 mg/L의 rhEGF가 발현되었다. 상기의 결과는 E. coli BL2l(pYHB101)를 사용하여 rhEGF를 발현시 lactose를 IPTG와 동일한 유도 물질로 사용 가능하다는 것을 시사하는 것이다. 회분식 배양에서 glucose를 10 g/L 첨가한 변형된 MBL 배지에 유도물질로 10 $\mu\textrm{m}$ lactose를 사용하였으며 28시간 동안 배양하였을 때 최대 45 mg/L의 rhEGF가 발현되었다. 유가식 배양에서 정지기에 0.5%(w/v) lactose와 0.25%(w/v) yeast extract를 첨가하였을 때 160mg/L의 rhEGF가 발현되었으며 94.3%가 분비되었다. 이에 비하여 유도기에 lactose를 첨가한 경우는 120 mg/L의 rhEGF가 발현되었으며 cytoplasm으로 발현된 불용성 봉입체의 비율은 20.9%에 달하였다. 이것은 lactose의 첨가시기가 E. coli BL2l(pYHB101)로부터 soluble rhEGF의 생성에 중요하다는 것을 확인한 결과이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.619-624
• /
• 2000

Low-quality roughages [banana wastes (B), wheat straw (WS) and dried broiler litter (BL)] were ensiled using either sweet whey (W) or diluted molasses (M) as rehydration media to study their effects on milk yield, milk composition and some parameters of blood plasma. The feeding trial involved 25 lactating buffaloes in five groups (five animals each). Buffaloes as control animals received diets of concentrate feed mixture, rice straw and wastelages (70:30:00). In the other 4 treatments, the wastelages replaced 50% of rice straw in the control diets. The wastelages were BL:B:M(3:2:10) (T1), BL:WS:M (3:2:10) (T2), BL:B:W (3:2:10) (T3) and BL:WS:W (3:2:10) (T4) on a fresh matter basis, during the 1st 17 weeks of lactation period. Results indicated that feeding lactating buffaloes on wastelages resulted in slightly higher (p>0.05) milk yield, 4% fat-corrected-milk yield and feed efficiency, and slightly lowered (p>0.05) contents of milk total solids, fat and protein. Wastelages, especially BL-B-M, increased (p<0.05) milk non-protein-nitrogen and ash contents and plasma urea, GOT and GPT. The results demonstrate that banana plant wastes with some additives in silage form may be good untraditional roughage for lactating buffaloes without any adverse effect on milk production.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제41권5호
• /
• pp.630-637
• /
• 2012

팽화발효홍삼이 당뇨쥐의 혈당관련 지표에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 SD계 수컷 흰쥐에게 STZ로 당뇨를 유발시킨 후 당뇨대조군(DC), 일반홍삼군(300 mg/kg, RG), 팽화 후 유산균 $Bifidobacterium$ $breve$와 $Lactobacillus$ $delbrueckii$의 혼합균주로 발효한 팽화발효홍삼군-1(300 mg/kg, BL) 및 Enterococcus faecalis로 발효한 팽화발효홍삼군-2(300 mg/kg, EF)로 나누어 각 실험시료를 5주간 경구투여한 결과, 실험기간 동안 BL군의 혈당은 DC, RG군보다 유의적으로 낮은 수준을 유지하였으며(p<0.05), 실험 5주째의 경우 DC, RG군뿐만 아니라 EF군보다도 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 경구당부하 검사 결과에서도 BL군이 통계적으로 가장 낮은 혈당수준을 유지하였고(p<0.05), 혈당 곡선하면적(AUC)은 DC군에 비해 BL군이 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 실험종료 후 공복혈당은 BL군이 DC, RG군보다 유의하게 낮았고(p<0.05), 혈청 인슐린 농도 역시 BL군이 DC군과 유의적 차이를 보이며 낮게 나타났으며(p<0.05), 인슐린저항성은 DC군에 비해 BL, EF군이 유의하게 낮았고(p<0.05), 그중 BL군은 더욱 낮은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 당화혈색소(HbA1c) 함량은 BL군이 DC, RG군보다 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 혈청 총콜레스테롤(TC) 농도는 DC군에 비해 RG, BL, EF군이 통계적으로 낮았고(p<0.05), LDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 BL군이 DC군보다 유의한 감소를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 이상에서 $B.$ $breve$와 $L.$ $delbrueckii$의 혼합균주를 사용하여 제조한 팽화발효홍삼은 혈당농도를 낮추고 혈당관련 지표성분 및 혈청 지질농도 개선에도 다소간의 효과를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.76-91
• /
• 2002

The lipid lowering and antioxidant effects of Gansoo(BL18), Pungji(GB20) and Eumnungcheun(SP9) acupuncture in rats fed high fat diet were analyzed in biochemical and molecular biological aspects. The results obtained from this study are as follows : 1. In the body weight reduction, all acupuncture groups showed a high reduction compared to those of control group and in acupuncture groups, Gansoo(BL18) and Pungji(GB20) acupuncture groups showed a high reduction. 2. The concentration of plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol with acupuncture groups showed a little decrease and in acupuncture groups, Gansoo(BL18) and Pungji(GB20) groups showed a low values compared to those of other acupuncture groups. However, the tendency of HDL-cholesterol concentration showed no significant different. 3. The concentration of plasma ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ and free fatty acids showed a lowest values in the Gansoo(BL18) and Pungji(GB20) acupuncture groups and the glucose concentration showed to decrease in all treated acupuncture groups. 4. The concentration of liver total cholesterol and triglyceride in Gansoo(BL18) and Pungji(GB20) acupuncture groups showed a lower values than those of control group. 5. In all the acupuncture groups, the plasma glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) activity showed a little decrease. In the glutamic pyruvate activity(GPT), Gansoo(BL18) and Pungji(GB20) acupuncture groups showed a lower values than those of control groups. However the values of eumneungcheun acupuncture only group showed no significant difference to those of control group. 6. The plasma and liver Thiobabituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentration in Gansoo(BL18) and Pungji(GB20) acupuncture groups were a lower than those of control group. However the values of eumneungcheun acupuncture group showed no significant difference to control group. 7. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in Gansoo(BL18) acupuncture group and Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in Gansoo(BL18) and Pungji(GB20) acupuncture groups showed a high values. The catalase (CAT) activity in all the acupuncture groups showed a higher values than those of control group. 8. In acupuncture groups, DNA expression of Apo-B and Apo-E showed a tendency to decrease, however DNA expression of leptin showed no significant difference in all treatment groups. DNA expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ showed a increase in acupuncture groups. These results indicate that Gansoo(BL18) and Pungji(GB20) (especially Gansoo(BL18)) acupuncture affect the lipid metabolism and showed possibility of lowering adipose tissue mass and lipid peroxidation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.141-153
• /
• 2007

Objectives: The purpose of this report is to examine the effect of $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and LIl ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture for cerebral apoplexy treatment. Methods : I designed to investigate whether $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture affects cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), mean arterial blood pressure(MABP)] in normal rats, and to make manifest whether $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture is mediated by cyclooxygenase or guanylate cyclase. The changes of rCBF and MABP were determinated by laser-doppler flowmetry(LDF). Results : 1. $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and LI1 ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture increased rCBF significantly, but decreased MABP. These results suggest that $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture increased significantly rCBF by dilating pial arterial diameter(PAD). 2. By pretreatment with indomethacin(1 mg/kg, i.p.), the effect of $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture induced increase of rCBF was significantly inhibited, the decreased MABP by treatment with $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture was increased. 3. By pretreatment with methylene blue($10{\mu}/kg$, i.p.), the increased rCBF by treatment with $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture was decreased conversely, the decreased MABP by treatment with $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture was decreased. and then increased. Conclusion : I suggest that $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_43$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture has an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 2020

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to review needling depth and location of LU7, BL62 and KI6 by the medical classics' records. Methods : 1. We researched the medical classics describing LU7, KI6 and BL62, and reorganized data about the location and needling depth. 2. We compared the medical classics' records on LU7, KI6 and BL62 with description of WHO standard acupuncture point location. 3. We reviewed different location and needling depth of LU7, BL62, and KI6 recorded in the medical classics with the anatomical structure. Results : 1. The common needling depth of LU7 is about 0.2 chon. But in some medical classics, the depth of LU7 is 0.8 chon. Needling depth of LU7 varied depending on the patient's hand posture. In the 'half-up' position with the thumb upward, it is possible to stimulate acupuncture on LU7 by 0.8 chon because there is a space between the tendons. 2. In WHO standard acupuncture point location, the locations of BL62 and KI6 are just below the lateral and medial malleolus. But in some medical classics, the locations of BL62 and KI6 are between the bones and muscles below the malleolus. In the locations between the bones and muscles below the malleolus, it is possible to stimulate acupuncture on BL62 and KI6 by penetrating acupuncture because there is no bone structure. Conclusions : 1. By the 'half-up' position with the thumb upward, it is possible to stimulate vertically acupuncture on LU7 by 0.8 chon. 2. By the locations of BL62 and KI6 between the bones and muscles below the malleolus, it is possible to stimulate on BL62 and KI6 by penetrating acupuncture.

• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제51권3호
• /
• pp.424-431
• /
• 2015

This study was focused on acoustic scattering characteristics of jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) at frequency 38, 70, and 120 kHz by Kirchhoff-ray mode (KRM) model. The body length (BL) of 16 individuals ranged in 12.2~22.0 cm ($mean{\pm}S.D.$: $17.8{\pm}3.2cm$) and the swimbladder length ranged in 4.2~8.6 cm ($mean{\pm}S.D.$: $6.6{\pm}1.6cm$) and the swimbladder cross section ranged in $1.7{\sim}6.6cm^2$ ($mean{\pm}S.D.$: $3.8{\pm}1.6cm^2$). This result shows that results correlate well between the BL and the length and cross section of swimbladder. The swimbladder angle ranged in $7{\sim}12^{\circ}$ and the maximum TS values ranged in $-16{\sim}-5^{\circ}$ at tilt angle. The averaged TS-to-BL relationship were $TS_{38kHz}=20{\log}_{10}BL-65.33$ ($R^2=0.66$), $TS_{70kHz}=20{\log}_{10}BL-65.90$ ($R^2=0.67$), and $TS_{120kHz}=20{\log}_{10}BL-66.65$ ($R^2=0.65$). These results can be used fundamental data in order to estimate distribution and biomass of jack mackerel by using hydro-acoustic method.

• ALGAE
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2024

Many dinoflagellates produce bioluminescence. To estimate the intensity of bioluminescence produced by populations of the heterotrophic dinoflagellates Noctiluca scintillans and Polykrikos kofoidii and autotrophic dinoflagellate Alexandrium mediterraneum in Korean waters, we measured cellular bioluminescence intensity as a function of water temperature and calculated population bioluminescence intensity with cell abundances and water temperature. The mean 200-second-integrated bioluminescence intensity per cell (BL_cell) of N. scintillans satiated with the chlorophyte Dunaliella salina decreased continuously with increasing water temperature from 5 to 25℃. However, the BL_cell of P. kofoidii satiated with the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum continuously increased from 5 to 15℃ but decreased at temperatures exceeding this (to 30℃). Similarly, the BL_cell of A. mediterraneum continuously increased from 10 to 20℃ but decreased between 20 and 30℃. The difference between highest and lowest BL_cell of N. scintillans, P. kofoidii, and A. mediterraneum at the tested water temperatures was 3.5, 11.8, and 21.0 times, respectively, indicating that water temperature clearly affected BL_cell. The highest estimated population bioluminescence intensity (BL_popul) of N. scintillans in Korean waters in 1998-2022 was 4.22 × 10¹³ relative light unit per liter (RLU L^-1), which was 1,850 and 554,000 times greater than that of P. kofoidii and A. mediterraneum, respectively. This indicates that N. scintillans populations produced much brighter bioluminescence in Korean waters than the populations of P. kofoidii or A. mediterraneum.