• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.57-70
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to examine if Clematidis Radix(CR) pharmacopuncture may be effective to the neuropathic pain(mechanical allodynia) in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Methods : To produce the model of neuropathic, L5 spinal nerve was ligated by 6-0 silk thread. After neuropathic surgery, the author examined if the animals exhibited the plantar withdrawal response of allodynia. The plantar withdrawal response was assessed by dynamic plantar aesthesiometer three days after the neuropathic surgery, CR pharmacopuncture was injected at $BL_{23}$ 1time/week for 6 weeks. After that, the author examined the plantar withdrawal response of rats' leg by dynamic plantar aesthesiometer. And also the author examined mGluR5, Bax, Bcl-2, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in spinal cord, and c-Fos. Also the author observed the change of aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT) count in the blood serum of neuropathic rats. Results : 1. The withdrawal response of allodynia decreased in the PT3, PT4 group as compared with control group. 2. The mGluR5 increased in the PT1, PT2, PT3, and PT4 group. 3. The Bax and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio decreased in the PT4 group. 4. The c-Fos increased in the PT1 group, and decreased in the PT4 group. 5. The changes of AST in blood serum decreased in the every group excluded control group and the changes of ALT in blood serum isn't shown the signigicant change. Conclusions : These results are suggested that CR pharmacopuncture at BL23 decreased mechanical allodynia, can act on anti-apoptotic, neuroprotective effects and liver fuction in the model of neuropathic pain.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.364-365
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• 2012

Liver is the major organ to regulate the systemic glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. Excess energy intake leads to triglyceride accumulation in adipose tissue first and subsequent accumulation in liver, resulting in obesity and type 2 diabetes. The representative pathological animal model for obesity associated insulin resistance is a high fat diet (HFD) fed mice model. Given the essential role of liver fat accumulation in developing systemic insulin resistance in obesity, I measured the liver triglyceride contents in HFD fed mice as a function of time. As such, in this report, I show the cause and effect relationship with regard to time during a HFD feeding between a variety of factors that are related to systemic insulin resistance including glucose intolerance, plasma insulin level and inflammatory gene expression in liver and adipose tissue.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.107-125
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• 2005

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the asthma-suppressive and immuno-regulatory effect of NR-HA(Notopterygii Rhizoma Herbal-acupuncture) at Pyesu(BL13) on OVA(ovalbumin)-induced asthma in mice. Methods : C57BL/6 mice out of all the experimental sloops, except the Normal group and the NR-HA group, were sensitized and challenged with OVA. The mice in the NR-HA group and the OVA-NR-HA group were treated with NR-HA(1%) at Pyesu(BL13). The mice in the OVA-Saline group were injected with saline at Pyesu(BL13). The mice in the OVA-Needle-prick group were treated with a single prick with an injection needle at Pyesu(BL13). NR-HA, saline injection and needle prick were administered for 8 weeks, three times a week Results : in vitro 1. The populations of granulocytes, $CD3e^-/CCR3^+$cells, $CD69^+/CD3e^+$ cells, $CD4^+\;cells\;and\;CD23^+/B220^+$ cells in the OVA-induced asthmatic mouse lungs decreased significantly by NR-HAS(Notopterygii Rhizoma Herbal-acupuncture solution). 2. The lung weight and total cells in lung of the OVA-NR-HA group decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-Control group. 3. Total leukocytes and eosinophils in BALF of the OVA-NR-HA group decreas ed significantly compared with those of the OVA-Control group. 4. The collagen accumulation in the lung sections of the OVA-NR-HA group decreased significantly compared with that of the OVA-control group. 5. The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IgE in BALF and serum of the OVA-NR-HA group decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA- Control group. 6. The numbers of $Gr-1^+/CD11b^+,\;CCR3^+,\;CD3e^+, \;CD19^+,\;CD3e^+/CD69^+$ cells in the OVA-NR-HA group decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-Control group. 7. The mRNA expressions of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-5, IL-4 and IL-13 in lung of the OVA-NR-HA group decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA- Control group. 8. The NR-HA group did not show my considerable difference from the Normal group. The OVA-saline group and the OVA-Needle prick group showed suppressive effects on OVA-induced asthma however they were not statistically significant. Conclusion : These results suggest that NR-HA at Pyesu(BL13) is considered to be effective in treating asthma and to be put to practical use in the future asthma clinic.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.4
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• pp.114-118
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• 1986

The study was conducted to find out the gene effects on litter size and birth weights in mice with 362 progenies from full-diallel crosses of four lines of BALB/c, CBA, C3H and C57BL. The progenies were farrowed at the Experimental Animal Farm, College of Agriculture, Kyungpook National University in November, 1984, and data were analyzed into general combining ability, specific combining ability and reciprocal effects with Griffing's model. General combining ability effects estimated in line-crosses were -0.4163~0.3337 for litter size and -0.0356~0.0894 for birth weights. However, no significant differences were observed in general combining ability effects on litter size and birth weights. Specific combining ability effects estimated in line-crosses were -1.0388~1.7913 for litter size and -0.1144~0.1343 for birth weights. However, the specific combining ability effects for litter size and birth weights appeared to be insignificant. The reciprocal effects, which appeared to be significant, were -2.26 from BALB/c ${\times}$ C3H, 1.84 from CBA ${\times}$ C57BL and -1.50 from BALB/c ${\times}$ CBA for litter size. For birth weights, the reciprocal effects were estimated -0.26 from CBA ${\times}$ C57BL, 0.15 from BALB/c ${\times}$ CBA and -0.15 from BALB/c ${\times}$ C57BL.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.861-867
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• 2003

Inhibitory effect of the lectins (KML-C) isolated from Korean mistletoe (KM; Viscum album coloratum) on tumor metastases produced by murine tumor cells (B16-BL6 melanoma, colon 26M3.1 carcinoma and L5178Y-ML25 lymphoma cells) was investigated in syngeneic mice. An intravenous (i.v.) administration of KML-C (20-50 ng/mouse) 2 days before tumor inoculation significantly inhibited lung metastases of both B16-BL6 and colon 26-M3.1 cells. The prophylactic effect of 50 ng/mouse of KML-C on lung metastasis was almost the same with that of 100 $\mu$ g/mouse of KM. Treatment with KML-C 1 day after tumor inoculation induced a significant inhibition of not only the experimental lung metastasis induced by B16-BL6 and colon 26M3.1 cells but also the liver and spleen metastasis of L5178Y-ML25 cells. Furthermore, multiple administration of KML-C given at 3 day-intervals after tumor inoculation led to a significant reduction of lung metastasis and suppression of the growth of B16-BL6 melanoma cells in a spontaneous metastasis model. In an assay for natural killer (NK) cell activity. i.v. administration of KML-C (50 ng/mouse) significantly augmented NK cytotoxicity against Yac-1 tumor cells 2 days after KML-C treatment. In addition, treatment with KML-C (50 ng/mouse) induced tumoricidal activity of peritoneal macrophages against B16-BL6 and 3LL cells. These results suggest that KML-C has an immunomodulating activity to enhance the host defense system against tumors, and that its prophylactic and therapeutic effect on tumor metastasis is associated with the activation of NK cells and macrophages.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.137-148
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to determine whether the addition of soy isoflavones to dairy ice cream modifies diabetic biomarkers in the type 2 diabetic model mice. Forty male C57BL/6J-ob/ob mice were randomly divided into 4 groups and fed control diet (basal, 7% fat), MS diet (milk ice cream with sugar, 20% fat), MS-SI diet (MS ice cream with 0.01% soy isoflavones, 20% fat), or MF-SI diet (milk ice cream with 0.01% soy isoflavones, 5% fructooligosaccharide, 20% fat) for 12 weeks. Blood response area by glucose tolerance test, plasma levels of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, leptin, and blood $HbA_{1c}$ were not significantly different among all the groups. Concentrations of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ secreted from splenocytes induced by Concanavalin A were not significantly different among all the groups. In conclusion, soy isoflavones supplemented to ice cream did not alter diabetic biomarkers in diabetic type 2 model mice.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

Objectives : In Korean medicine, a prescription of Sinsun-yukza-hwan (Shenxian-liuzi-wan, SSY) has been used in clinic for treatment of alopecia via oral. This study was performed to determine transdermal effects of the ethanol extract from SSY on hair growth and -related gene expressions in mice. Methods : We analyzed index compound, 5-hydroxy-methyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF), in SSY extract by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). 6 weeks old C57BL/6 mice with removed hair were used as an alopecia animal model. Mice were divided into 3 experimental groups including normal (3 water: 1 ethanol: 2 polyethylene glycol mixture as a vehicle), SSY extract and 5% minoxidil (as a positive control), treated groups. SSY was applied topically on the hair-shaved skin of C57BL/6 mice every day for 15 days. The color, thickness and density of hair were monitored every $5^{th}$ day by naked eye, photograph and phototrichogram using folliscope. Also hair growth-associated gene expressions were measured by immunoblotting assay. Results : Hair density of minoxidil or SSY-treated group was significantly increased compared to that of vehicle application on the $15^{th}$ day, respectively. And hair thickness of minoxidil and SSY groups was increased compared to that of vehicle treated group on the $15^{th}$ day, respectively. Induction of insulin-like-growth factor 1(IGF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were also significantly accelerated by SSY extract compared to those of vehicle-applied group. Conclusions : These results provide scientific evidence to support the potent multi-application of SSY as a cosmeceutical material for promoting hair growth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.439-445
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of stent placement and the evaluation of tissue hyperplasia caused by bare metallic stent placement in a mouse colon model. In a pilot study, C57BL/6 mouse were used to verify diameter of colon. Mean diameter size was 4.05 mm. Twenty C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups to assess differing stent diameters (Group A, 5 mm diameter; Group B. Group B, 4 mm diameter). Follow-up, 1-week fluoroscopic imaging, 4-week endoscopic imaging were obtained. Mice were sacrificed 4-week after stent placement. Microscopic findings were evaluated. Stent placement was technically successful except one mouse in Group A. Data from the mouse was omitted. During follow-up, five mice in Group A died within 7 days after stent placement, and one stent in Group B was migrated into the rectum. The incidence of stent-related complication was 60% and 10% between group A and Group B, respectively. Gross and Endoscopic findings showed tissue hyperplasia through the mesh, and all the stents had become incorporated into the wall of the colon. Microscopic findings were no statistically significant difference. colonic stent placement was technically feasible, and stent-induced tissue hyperplasia was evident in a mouse model. With stent large size, there was the highest incidence of colon perforation.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.319-326
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• 2006

We present light curves of a short period binary system BL Eridani. The light curves were observed with VRI filters by a 50cm wide field robotic telescope at Siding Spring Observatory (SSO), equipped with a 2K CCD camera, which was developed by Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), and Yonsei University Observatory(YUO). The photometric observations were made on 6 nights by automatic operation mode and remote observation mode at SSO and KASI in Korea, respectively. We obtained new VRI CCD light curves and new 5 times of minima, and analyzed the light corves with the Wilson & Deviney (1971) binary 2005 version and derived the new photometric solutions. The mass ratio q=0.48 in this study shows different value with earlier investigators. According to the model analysis, it is considered that the BL Eri system is currently undergoing contact stage of the two binary components, rather than near-contact stage.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.5 no.1 s.8
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• pp.135-151
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• 2002

Objective: This study was eanied out to investigate the effects of Raphani Semen on immuno-response in the mouse model of allergic asthma. Methods: In this study, BALB/C mice were divided into 6 groups: Normal (Non-treated group), Control (Group with not treated after allergic sensitization and induction by ovalbumin), Treat I (Group with the oral administration of saline after allergic sensitization and induction by ovalbumin), Treat n (Allergic asthma group treated with acupuncture (BL 13)), Treat III (Allergic asthma group treated with the oral administration of Raphani Semen) and Treat lV (Allergic asthma group treated with the herbal-acupuncture of Raphani Semen (BL 13)). The effect on cytokine was assessed by measuring cytokine (lL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-r) in bronchoalveoar lavage fluid(ELISA). ResuJts : The results obtained as follows: 1. The production of Interleukin-2 was decreased significantly in Treat I group, Treat n group and Treat IV group as compared with Control group. 2. The production of Interleukin-4 was decreased significantly in Treat I group, Treat II group and Treat IV group as compared with Control group. Among them. the production of Interleukin-4 was decreased remarkably in Treat IV group as compared with other groups. 3. The production of Interleukin-5 was decreased significantly in Treat I group and Treat IV group as compared with Control group. 4. The production of Interleukin-10 was decreased significantly in Treat I group and Treat III group as compared with Control group. 5. The production of Interleukin-12 was all decreased significantly in Treat I group, Treat n group, Treat m group and Treat IV group as compared with Control group. 6. The production of Intelferon- showed no significant changes in Treat I group, Treat n group. Treat m group and Treat Ⅳ group as compared with Control group. Conclusion: These results show that the production of Interleukin-4, 5 was decreased significantly in aJlergic asthma group treated with the herbal-acupuncture of Raph Semen (BL 13), It is known that inactivity of Th2 cell constrained the revelation and controlled hypersenstive action. As to this mechanism, it is suggested that the herbal-acupuncture of Raphani Semen(BL 13) constrained the revelation of allergic asthma.