• Korean Journal of Ornithology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 2018

The Black-tailed gull (Larus crassirostris) is one of the most common gull species in the Northeast Asia and classified as LC (least concern) in the IUCN Red List. The bird has become a useful indicator for marine environmental pollution and habitat disruption, since the human activities impacted marine environments. Here we show that the black-tailed Gull has 6 haplotypes and some rare haplotypes are locally limited implying that the bird may not disperse far. This study may be the first report on population genetic study of Black-tailed Gull in Korea and could be used as the baseline data for monitoring and genetic study on the bird as an environmental indicator.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.516-524
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• 2015

This study was characteristics of bird community conducted to from 2009 to 2010 in Sihwa South Grassland, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. Total 49 species were recorded and the sum of maximum counts was 2,258 individuals. Species diversity was 2.21 and the species richness was 6.22. In South Reclaimed, we recorded maximum score of 38 species. and maximum score of 1,083 individuals in Dinosaur Egg Fossil. Comparison between areas were use average species diversity and species richness. Mostly Dinosaur Egg Fossil and South Reclaimed were higher than Sihwa Lake upstream. As a results of the ANOVA test, all areas were different. also, Sihwa Lake upstream only difference was that the bird community. In the season there was a significant difference between the Number of species and species richness. Number of species and species richness were significant differences depending on the season. but individuals and species diversity were no significant differences. In the year there was a no significant difference between the Number of species and individuals. but species diversity and species richness were significant differences. As a result, Between areas was different patterns of bird communities. but including water space Dinosaur Egg Fossil and South Reclaimed were showed a similar bird communities and bird diversity was higher. In the season, the resident was using of consistent patterns. but, There were differences depending on the migratory patterns of populations. In the year, every year was communities of a similar patterns. Sihwa South Grassland is of the high conservation value ecosystem as the only domestic. Propose an opinion for maintaining biodiversity when planning future habitat composition and environmental decrease.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.40-48
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• 2023

This study is part of a foundational research effort aimed at developing a suitability index for breeding grounds related to avian activities along the domestic South and West coasts, including islands. Focus Group Interviews (FGI) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analyses were conducted. The results are as follows. First, as a result of determining the value of the suitability of coastal bird breeding sites, the 'Natural Value(0.763)' was higher than the 'Artificial Value(0.237)'. Other artificial values were identified as sub-ranked except for 'Protected Areas' to ensure continuous integrity of breeding spaces. Second, as a result of re-establishing the 25 evaluation items classified in the two-time FGI as higher concepts, nine natural values and five artificial values were finally selected as a total of 14. Third, the results of the mid-classification evaluation of the importance of the suitability of coastal bird breeding sites were identified in the order of 'Ecological Value(0.392)', 'Topographic Value(0.251)', 'Passive Interference(0.124)', 'Geological Value(0.120)', and 'Active Interference(0.113)'. Fourth, the results of the priority of evaluation items of coastal bird breeding sites were in the order of 'Vegetation Distribution (0.187)', 'Area of Mudflats(0.118)', 'Presence or Absence of Mudflats(0.092)', 'Appearance of Natural Enemies(0.087)', 'Protected Areas(0.08)', 'Island Area (0.069)', 'Over-Breeding devastation(0.064)', 'Soil Composition Ratio(0.056)', 'Distance from Land(0.054)', 'Ocean farm area (0.045)', 'Cultivated land area(0.041)', 'Cultivation behavior(0.038)', 'Angle of the Surface(0.036)', and 'Land Use(0.033)'. It is judged that the weighting result value of the evaluation items derived in this study can be used for priority evaluation focusing on the coastal bird breeding area space. However, it seems that the correlation with the unique habitat suitability of bird individuals needs to be supplemented, and spatial analysis research incorporating species-specific characteristics will be left as a future task.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.353-367
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• 2015

The goal of this study is to analyze the feedback structure of habitat changes of the Whooper Swan in Eulsukdo using system thinking to suggest a management plan for ecosystem health. Using the causal loop diagrams of population changes between Whooper Swan and other bird species in Eulsukdo, we found that the environmental changes in the roosting and foraging area affect the Whooper Swan's population. The causal loop diagrams of the Whooper Swan's roosting area indicated that the environmental changes (e.g., water level, noise, bird watching, and other experience activities) may influence their population density variation. In addition, the casual loop diagrams of the Whooper Swan's foraging area showed that the Whooper Swan's population was affected by various variables that included area factors such as surface area of freshwater, frozen water, salinity, and density of Scirpus planiculmis. Furthermore, through the integrated causal loop diagram, cumulative discharge of Nakdong estuary weir and building activities were identified as the variables that affect the population of the Whooper Swan. Thus, we selected this area as the strategic point to establish a management plan for the Whooper Swan's habitat. The results of this study will help in decision making of a long-term management plan for sustaining the environmental health of the ecosystem in Eulsukdo.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.429-436
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• 2011

Recent landscape changes from human activities, such as agricultural development and urbanisation frequently result in the loss of habitats, the reduction in habitat patch size and an increasing isolation of habitat patches. However, there is little information on woodland changes in agricultural landscapes. Therefore, the aim of this research was to assess spatial characteristics and changes of woodland in an agricultural landscape and how these may have had an impact on ecological process for 33 years. One of the agricultural landscape character units was analysed based on aerial photographs from 1976, 1983, 1994, 2002 and 2009 in Gwangju city. The results indicated that landscape ecological metrics clearly showed that they could be used to monitor changes of woodland ecological conditions during the past 33 years. The results imply that particularly human activities have been leading to the decrease of the mean size of woodland patches and finally result in woodland isolation. These changes may have a negative impact on woodland bird species in the study area. This woodland information can be used to identify the potential and specific needs for setting priorities for conservation planning.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

Recent studies revealed that many animals identify individual humans. In this account, we review previous literatures on individual human recognition by wild or domestic animals and discuss the three hypotheses: "high cognitive abilities" hypothesis, "close human contact" and "pre-exposure to stimuli" hypothesis. The three hypotheses are not mutually exclusive. Close human contact hypothesis is an ultimate explanation for adaptive benefits whereas high cognitive abilities and pre-exposure to stimuli hypothesis are proximate explanations for mechanisms to perform such discriminatory behaviour. We report a case study of two bird species in a human-free habitat. Long-tailed skuas, which are known for having high cognitive abilities, exhibited the human discriminatory abilities whereas ruddy turnstones did not display such abilities toward approaching humans. This suggests that highly intelligent species may have this type of discriminatory ability so that they could learn to identify individual humans quickly by pre-exposure to stimuli, even in a human-free habitat. Here, we discuss that human recognition is more common in species with rapid learning ability and it could develop for a short period of time between an intelligent species and human.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.106-114
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• 2021

This study was conducted to provide basic data for the systematic management and preservation of Nak-nam Jeongmaek. Of the Nak-nam Jeongmaek, six priority research areas, Gilmajae, Mt. Cheonwang, Mt. Yeohang, Mt. Muhak, Mt. Cheonju, Mt. Sineo, with consideration to terrain and environmental characteristics, were selected for this study. Two fixed plots for each bird habitat type were selected for each site and were surveyed from May to October in 2018. The survey conducted in the six priority research areas of Nak-nam Jeongmaek identified 48 species with 1,181 individual birds. The largest number of species and individuals occupying a particular habitat type were found in the developed land with 35 species and 567 individuals. Species diversity was the highest at 2.66 in the forest road. According to the results of nesting guild analysis of Nak-nam Jeongmaek (Pearson Chi-square test, 𝛘²=16.681, p<0.05) by each habitat type, the communities that belong to the canopy nesting guild showed a high frequency in the developed land, the valley, and the forest road. The results of the Pearson Chi-Square test (𝛘²=16.217, p<0.005) showed that the communities that belonged to the bush foraging guild were the most frequent in the developed land, and the communities that belonged to the canopy foraging guild were the most frequent in the valley and the forest road. The results of these studies suggest that the various habitats of the Nak-nam Jeongmaek provide a variety of resources for bird habitats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.57-67
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• 2019

Water-Birds are the birds that occupy the highest proportion in Korea, inland wetlands and reservoirs provide them with a good environment as habitat, but their habitats have been losing because of thoughtless development. Therefore, artificial plant islands in reservoirs are important for improving habitat environment and providing food resources. However, there are no research and standards on the built and management of artificial plant islands. So this study is to find out the density of bird using artificial plant island as habitat through monitoring using UAV focus on the Cheonho-reservoirs located in Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si(Middle Chungcheong Province). Further, the correlation analysis with environmental factors was conducted to determine the effect of artificial plant islands as habitats for water-birds. The supervised classification of the three-time images taken by the drone identified 244 white-billed ducks and 46 mandarin ducks. The utilization rate was different for each photographed date, and more individuals were identified in wet artificial plant islands than dry ones. As a result of analyzing the utilization follow environmental factors, the distance from the trail showed a significant correlation, and the other factors did not have a statistically significant effect. This study is the first case of the UAV monitoring method of the water-birds using artificial plant islands in the reservoir, and can be used as the basic data for the built and management.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Pintail (Anas acuta) is the major wintering bird in South Korea and known as a major mediator of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Pintail migrates long distances between Russian Siberia and Korea. This species prefers a rice paddy area as their winter habitat. The purpose of this study is to provide the data necessary for the conservation and management of bird habitats in Korea by understanding the wintering home-range and habitat of pintail in Korea. We captured six pintails using a cannon-net in the winter of 2015 and attached the GPS-mobile phone based telemetry (WT-300) on them to study the wintering home-range and wintering habitat. We analyzed the tracking location data using ArcGIS 9.0 Animal Movement Extension and calculated Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) and Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP). The average home-range in the wintering ground analyzed by MCP was $677.3km^2$ (SD=130.2, n=6) while the maximum and minimum were $847.7km^2$ and $467.5km^2$, respectively. Extents of home-range analyzed by KDE were $194.7km^2$ (KDE 90%), $77.4km^2$ (KDE 70%), and $35.3km^2$ (KDE 50%). The pintails mostly used both sea and paddy field as habitat in the winter season and utilized paddy fields more during the nighttime and than the daytime. We concluded that the home-range and habitat of pintails in the winter could be used as the reference data for the preservation of species, management of habitats, and coping with a breakout of HPAI.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.180-192
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• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate bird community and to suggest a proper way how to manage and protect bird community in Sobaeksan National Park. The survey was carried over 3 main trail districts by line transect method to figure out influence factor of inhabitation of wild birds from February to October in 1992. The study results as follows: The observed birds were belong to 9 orders l2 families 58 species, they also have Sparrow Hawk dccipiter nisus, Kestrel Faleo tinnunculus(natural monument no. 323). Scops Owl I'otus scops(natural monument no. :324), Black Woodpecker Dryoaepus martius(natural monument no. 242. R). White-backed Woodpecker Dendroaepos leuotes(R) and Gray-backed Thrush Turdus hortulorum(R). These birds a]so classified into 31 species for residents. 17 species for summer visitor, 6 species for winter visitor. 4 species for passage migrant, respectively. Species richness was 38 species at spry, 33 species at summer. 26 species at autumn and 22 species at winter. The density was 3.00 ea /ha at spring, 2.37 ea /ha at summer, 3.62 ea /ha at autumn and 2.88 ea /ha at winter. Breeding bird community in Sobaeksan National Park was dominated by Hole, Bush-nesting guild and Canopy-foraging guild. Natural vegetation of 900m altitude in 1st section and the grassy plain in 2nd section are to be protected absolutely for the habituation of wild birds. Species richness in 3rd section was higher than any other section owe to a various habitat such as valley. open lands, orchid, farm land and forest etc. Food plants and broad-leaved forest is to be managed for the provision of opulent food resources in autumn and winter, user is to be managed for the successful propagation of wild birds in spring and autumn.