• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2024.07a
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• pp.957-964
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• 2024

Universities own several campuses and many buildings within the campuses. During the operation & maintenance phase, some of the buildings have architectural components and MEPFs that must be maintained. In the authors' study, university campus Facility Manager uses paper drawings and paper documents for operations and maintenance of MEPFs, and building components, which are managed by human power. In this study, As-Built 3D model of school buildings, was developed by 3D scanning with MatterPort Pro2 camera. A digital twin of the school building was developed from integrating the As-Built 3D model with a COBie Sheet information that defines the building and facility components for FMr. This developed digital twin was used to verify the efficiency of conventional Facility Management (FM) operations. The specific procedures are as follows. (1) Conducted an interview survey on FM of conventional university campuses to organize the current operations. (2) The following building items, which are annual inspection items, were extracted from the conventional FM operations being performed, Speakers, fire alarms, fire doors, guide lights, air conditioning, and fire extinguishing equipment. (3) Since these items listed above are currently documented in different formats, the authors organized them into a database using COBie format. (4) The components of the organized COBie format and the As-Built 3Dmodel were integrated to complete the digital twin. (5) To verify the effectiveness of the digital twin, experiments were conducted on information search in current FM operations and workflows using the digital twin. (6) We also verified the effectiveness of the AS-Built 3D model by comparing between the As-Built 3D model and the BIM model. Finally, we discussed how process innovation through digitalization of FM operations contributes not only to the improvement of daily operations, but also to the productivity improvement of university management.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.86-93
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• 2016

Information technology, such as IoT, Big Data, Drone, Cloud etc., is evolving every year. Information Society is changing Intelligence Society and Creative Society. A new Construction Projects Management System Roadmap is required because it is difficult to reflect the current IT environments based on the CALS(Continuous Acquisition & Life-cycle Support) master plan, which is performed to establish every five years since 1998. This study was prepared for the Roadmap with a focus on Construction Management System based on the 4th CALS master plan, which was performed to establish the 2012 year. To this end, the construction environment and several information systems were investigated and analyzed. The problems of the construction project information system were derived using SWOT analysis, the vision, goal, direction, strategy, main tasks, specific tasks, and timetable of the Construction Project Management System are presented. This roadmap is designed to be used as operational indicators of a future construction project management system.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 1999

Body mass index(BMI) is recognized as one of the most useful indexes for adiposity in children and adults. This study was conducted to provide information on BMI distribution by age and sex in Korean children, and to identify sociodemographic factors that affected BMI among children. The study was conducted on 2376 children(boys 1184, girls 1192) living in a middle-size city in Korea. Subjects were selected from the primary schoolchildren in grades 1-6 using the two-stage sampling method. Their mean age was 9.4 years. The percentile of BMI tended to increase as age increased in both sexes. The 85th percentile for boys, aged 6-12 years, was 19.8kg/㎡, and the 95th percentile was 22.5kg/㎡. The 85th percentile for girls, aged 6-12 years, was 18.9kg/㎡, and the 95th percentile was 21.5kg/㎡. Multiple regression analysis was carried out to predict BMI from percent ideal body weight (PIBW), age and sex. After adjusting PIBW and age, BMI for boys was 0.062kg/㎡ lower than that for girls. One year of age increased BIM by 0.55kg/㎡. The prevalence rate of overweight and obesity based on PIBW was 15.8% and 15.0% for boys, and 14.0% and 11.0% for girls, respectively. Demographic factors such as sex, age, and parents' obesity influenced children's BMI. After adjusting for sex, age and parents' BMI, the presence of another children in family, and mother's employment status showed a strong effect on children's BMI. The results suggest an age-sex specific BMI distribution of Korean children. The present study also provides direct evidence of a correlation between early life environmental factors, such as presence of siblings or mother's employment, and BMI level in Korean children.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.265-278
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• 2021

When a dangerous event arises for people inside a building and an immediate evacuation is required, it is important that suitable routes have been previously defined. These situations can happen especially when buildings are crowded, making the occupants have a very high vulnerability and can be trapped if they do not evacuate quickly and safely. However, in most cases, routes are considered based just on their proximity or short distance to the exit areas, and evacuation simulations that include more variables are not performed. This work aims to propose a methodology for building's indoor evacuation activities under the premise of processing simulation scenarios in multi-agent environments. In the methodology, importance indexes of simplified and validated geometry data from a BIM (Building Information Modeling) are considered as heuristic input data in a proposed algorithm. The algorithm is based on AP-Theta^* pathfinding and collision avoidance machine learning techniques. It also includes conditioning variables such as the number of people, speed of movement as well as reaction ability of the agents that influence the evacuation times. Moreover, collision avoidance is applied between people or with objects along the route. The simulations using the proposed algorithm are tested in NetLogo for diverse scenarios, showing feasible evacuation routes and calculating evacuation times in a multi-agent environment. The experimental results are obtained by applying the method in a study case and demonstrate the level of effectiveness of the algorithm, and the influence of the conditioning variables analyzed together when performing safe evacuation routes.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.732-737
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• 2009

Due to various project delivery methods and the complexity of construction projects in the construction industry, developing the framework of construction management for critical, highly complex projects in the construction industry has become problematic. Currently, a set of construction manuals play a pivotal role in planning and managing construction projects as subcontractors try to complete their scope of work according to the instructions of a general contractor. It is challenging for general contractors to write a construction management procedure manual to cover various types of project delivery methods and construction projects. In construction, the construction procedure manuals describe specific actions to be taken through the project. In reality a few contactors own such manuals and their construction schedules include more construction operation activities. Thus, it is hard to estimate the workload and productivity of construction managers because the manual and the schedule do not present the amount of management efforts required to complete a project. This paper proposes a framework to present construction management tasks according to project delivery methods which can be applied to various construction projects. Actions for management tasks were mapped and were integrated with construction activities throughout the project life cycle. The framework can then be used to give specific instructions to project participants, collect management actions, and replicate management actions throughout the project life cycle. The framework can also be can used to visualize complete construction project to analyze and manage construction management activities in each phase of a project in order to enhance productivity and efficiency. The studies of existing construction manuals were carried out to identify construction managers' responsibilities. An artificial intelligence program, CLIPS (C-Language Integrated Production System) was used to search for appropriate actions for impending tasks from a set of predefined actions to be performed for a given situation. The framework would significantly help construction managers to understand interrelations among management tasks or actions within a project. Furthermore, the framework can be embedded into Building Information Modeling (BIM) or Facility Management Systems (FMS) so that designers and constructors would execute constructability review before construction begins.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.1226-1236
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• 2022

Because students majoring in construction-related fields must develop a broad repository of knowledge and skills, effective transferal of these is the primary focus of most academic programs. While inculcation of this body of knowledge is certainly critical, actual construction projects are complicated ventures that involve levels of risk and uncertainty, such as resistant neighboring communities, unforeseen weather conditions, escalating material costs, labor shortages and strikes, accidents on jobsites, challenges with emerging forms of technology, etc. Learning how to develop a level of discernment about potential ways to handle such uncertainty often takes years of costly trial-and-error in the proverbial "school of hard knocks." There is therefore a need to proactively expedite the development of a sharpened intuition when making decisions. The AGC Education and Research Foundation case study committee was formed to address this need. Since its inception in 2011, 14 freely downloadable case studies have thus far been jointly developed by an academics and industry practitioners to help educators elicit varied responses from students about potential ways to respond when facing an actual project dilemma. AGC case studies are typically designed to focus on a particular concern and topics have thus far included: ethics, site logistics planning, financial management, prefabrication and modularization, safety, lean practices, preconstruction planning, subcontractor management, collaborative teamwork, sustainable construction, mobile technology, and building information modeling (BIM). This session will include an overview of the history and intent of the AGC case study program, as well as lively interactive demonstrations and discussions on how case studies can be used both by educators within a typical academic setting, as well as by industry practitioners seeking a novel tool for their in-house training programs.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.39-52
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• 2023

This study analyzes the energy performance of a elderly care center building and the applicability of a ground source heat pump (GSHP) system through simulation approach. For this purpose, a building information modeling (BIM) program and an energy performance calculation program were used. The impact of the mechanical ventilation system on the energy requirements of the heating and cooling system and the indoor environment was also analyzed, focusing on the change in indoor carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration, which is a representative indicator of the indoor environment (air quality). The simulation results showed that the target building exceeds Level 7 in terms of simulated primary energy consumption or actual energy consumption. In addition, it was analyzed that the target building could not maintain the indoor CO₂ concentration below the standard concentration by natural ventilation through window opening alone. Combining the GSHP system with the mechanical ventilation system (Case B and Case C) can further reduce the overall energy consumption by reducing the amount of outdoor air introduced by opening windows. The cost savings compared to the baseline case are estimated to be 67.3% for Case A, 63.7% for Case B, 65.5% for Case C, and 42.5% for Case D. It is necessary to analyze the impact of various renewable energy technologies and passive ones on the energy performance and indoor environment of elderly care centers.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2024.07a
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• pp.909-916
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• 2024

The emergence of Building Information Modelling (BIM), reality data, Virtual Reality (VR), and Augmented Reality (AR) has significantly enhanced the collaboration between stakeholders in construction management. The utilization of VR/AR devices holds considerable potential for monitoring safety in complex and constrained working environments on the construction site. On the other hand, near-miss incidents remain an important early sign of struck-by accidents. However, research on early warning and prevention methods for this risk is still limited. This paper, therefore, presents a framework for on-site and off-site collaborative safety monitoring framework using augmented and virtual reality for near-miss incidents. In the proposed framework, three phases to develop a VR/AR-based safety monitoring system include (1) construction safety simulation environment, (2) localization-based interaction system, and (3) safety monitoring system. The system can undertake the processing of data and enables communication among disparate VR/AR devices. VR clients are observational tools and offer guidance, while the AR client stays onsite for construction tasks. All clients connect to a processing computer, which also works as a host. The system embedded in the AR device can trigger an alarm or receive signals from the VR client when a near-miss issue happens. Additionally, all device clients possess the capability to share data acquired from onsite monitoring cameras, thereby fostering effective discussions and decision-making. The efficacy of this cross-platform system has been validated through the implementation of an outdoor coordination case study.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2024.07a
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• pp.558-565
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• 2024

This paper presents the development of an optimization framework for road slope design. Recognizing the limitations of current manual stability analysis methods, which are time-consuming, are error-prone, and suffer from data mismatches, this study proposes a systematic approach to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and ensure the safety of infrastructure projects. The framework addresses the subjectivity inherent in engineers' decision-making process by formalizing decision variables, constraints, and objective functions to minimize costs while ensuring safety and environmental considerations. The necessity of this framework is embodied by the review of existing literature, which reveals a trend toward specialization within sub-disciplines of road design; however, a gap remains in addressing the complexities of road slope design through an integrated optimization approach. A genetic algorithm (GA) is employed as a fundamental optimization tool due to its well-established mechanisms of selection, crossover, and mutation, which are suitable for evolving road slope designs toward optimal solutions. An automated batch analysis process supports the GA, demonstrating the potential of the proposed framework. Although the framework focuses on the design optimization of single cross-section road slopes, the implications extend to broader applications in civil engineering practices. Future research directions include refining the GA, expanding the decision variables, and empirically validating the framework in real-world scenarios. Ultimately, this research lays the groundwork for more comprehensive optimization models that could consider multiple cross-sections and contribute to safer and more cost-effective road slope designs.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2024.07a
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• pp.585-594
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• 2024

In recent years, the construction industry has rapidly adopted offsite-manufacturing and distributed construction methods. This change brings a variety of challenges requiring innovative solutions, such as the utilization of AI-driven and generative design. Numerous studies have explored the concept of multi-objective generative design with genetic algorithms in construction. However, this paper highlights the challenges and proposes a solution for combining generative design with distributed construction to address the need for agility in design. To achieve this goal, the research delves into the development of a multi-objective generative design optimization using a weighted genetic algorithm based on simulated annealing. The specific design case adopted is an educational complex. The proposed process strives for scalable economic viability, environmental comfort, and operational efficiency by optimizing modular configurations of architectural spaces, facilitating affordable, scalable, and optimized construction. Rhino-Grasshopper and Galapagos design tools are used to create a virtual environment capable of generating architectural configurations within defined boundaries. Optimization factors include adherence to urban regulations, acoustic comfort, and sunlight exposure. A normalized scoring approach is also presented to prioritize design preferences, enabling systematic and data-driven design decision-making. Building Information Modeling (BIM) tools are also used to transform the optimization results into tangible architectural elements and visualize the outcome. The resulting process contributes both to practice and academia. Practitioners in AEC industry could gain benefit through adopting and adapting its features with the unique characteristics of various construction projects while educators and future researchers can modify and enhance this process based on new requirements.