• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.467-473
• /
• 2011

The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of jelly prepared with five different levels(0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%) of black garlic concentrate(BG1-BG4). We conducted the pH, sugar content, Hunter's color value, mechanical characteristics, and a sensory evaluation analysis of black garlic jelly. The more black garlic concentrate increased, the more the sugar content of the black garlic jelly increased(p<0.05). In terms of color, lightness(L) and yellowness(b) decreased as the black garlic concentrate increased, while redness(a) increased. With regard to the mechanical properties of the black garlic jelly samples, the higher the score of hardness, gumminess, and chewiness significantly increased(p<0.05). In color, flavor, texture and overall quality, the score of jelly with 1.0% black garlic concentrate(BG2) increased most of the all.

• Journal of Information Display
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.10-13
• /
• 2007

We synthesized new blue and bluish green emitting materials by using fully substituted ethylene moieties. Multi-layered EL devices were fabricated with synthesized materials and evaluated in terms of emission color and luminescence efficiency. TBBPE[EML 2] device showed bluish-green CIE value of (0.236, 0.412) and 5.02cd/A at $10mA/cm^2$. BPBBPE[EML 3] device also showed sky-blue CIE value of(0.218, 0.355) and 2.31cd/A at $l0mA/cm^2$.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2003.07c
• /
• pp.1722-1725
• /
• 2003

절연물에 가해지는 열화 중에서 열 사이클(Thermal cycle) 열화를 모사하기 위하여, 대형 터빈 발전기 수냉각 고정자 권선용 바를 대상으로 IEEE Std 1310 규격에 따라 200 사이클의 열 사이클 열화 시험을 수행하였다. 바에 대한 절연 특성을 분석하기 위하여 시험 수행 전후의 Tan ${\delta}$ 및 Tip-up(%, ${\Delta}$ Tan ${\delta}$), 부분방전의 최대 방전량 등을 측정하였고 또한 바를 절단하여 절연물 내의 박리와 도체와 절연물 간의 분리 등을 점검하였다. 최종적으로는 절연파괴 시험을 수행하여 절연파괴 강도를 측정하였다. 시험 결과 초기 절연 특성상의 현저한 변화는 없었으며 양호한 특성을 보였다.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.933-944
• /
• 1994

Let $\pi : P \to S^4$ be a principal G-bundle over $S^4$ whose the structure group G is a compact, connected, simple Lie group. Since $\pi_3(G) = \pi_4 (BG) = Z$, we can classify the principal bundle $P_k$ over $S^4$ by the map $S^4 \to BG$ of degree k. Atiyah and Jones [2] showed that $C_k = A_k/g^b_k$ is homotopy equivalent to $\Omega^3_k G \simeq \Omega^4_k BG$ where $A_k$ is the space of the all connections in $P_k$ and $g^b_k$ is the based gauge group which consists of all base point preserving automorphisms on $P_k$. Here $\Omega^nX$ is the space of all base-point preserving continuous map from $S^n$ to X. Let $M_k$ be the space of based gauge equivalence classes of all connections in $P_k$ satisfying the Yang-Mills self-duality equations, which we call the moduli space of G instantons.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.208-217
• /
• 2018

Objective: Examine the effects of supplementing bahiagrass hay (BG) with potentially anthelmintic quantities of hays of perennial peanut (PEA) or sericea lespedeza (LES) or seeds of velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens L.; MUC) or papaya (PAP) on the intake and nutritive value (Experiment 1), and the performance and parasite burden (Experiment 2) of goats. Methods: In Experiment 1, 38 male goats ($27.4{\pm}5.7kg$ body weight) were randomly assigned to each of 5 treatments: i) BG alone and BG plus; ii) PEA; iii) LES; iv) MUC; and v) PAP. Goats were fed for ad libitum consumption and adapted to the diets for 14 d followed by 7 d of measurement. The PEA, LES, MUC (50%, 50%, and 10% of the diet dry matter [DM], respectively), and PAP (forced-fed at 10 g/d) were fed at rates that would elicit anthelmintic effects. In Experiment 2, goats remained in the same treatments but were allocated to 15 pens (3 pens per treatment) from d 22 to 63. All goats were infected with parasites by grazing an infected bahiagrass pasture from 0800 to 1500 h daily and then returned to the pens. Results: Dry matter intake tended to be greater in goats fed PEA and LES than those fed BG (757 and 745 vs 612 g/d, respectively). Digestibility of DM (59.5% vs 54.9%) and organic matter (60.8% vs 56.0%) were greater in goats fed MUC vs BG, respectively. In Experiment 2, feeding PAP, LES, and PEA to goats reduced nematode fecal egg counts by 72%, 52%, and 32%, reduced abomasal adult worm counts by 78%, 52%, and 42%, and decreased plasma haptoglobin concentrations by 42%, 40%, and 45% relative to feeding BG alone, respectively. Conclusion: Supplementation with PEA, LES, and PAP decreased the parasite burden of goats but did not increase their performance. PAP was the most effective anthelmintic supplement.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.39-55
• /
• 2011

Objectives : Inchinohryungsan has been used for treatment of hepatobiliary diseases. This study was designed to investigate the effect of Inchinohryungsan pharmacopuncture on hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Sprague Dawley(SD) rats of the control and experimental groups received intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg DEN, weekly for 12 weeks. Methods : Rats were divided into 5 groups. Normal group was not induced hepatocellular carcinoma and not treated. Control group was induced hepatocellular carcinoma and injected with Inchinohryungsan pharmacopuncture into the root of tail. Experimental groups were induced hepatocellular carcinoma. BL group was injected with Inchinohryungsan pharmacopuncture into the $BL_{18}$ and $LR_{14}$, BG group was injected into the $BL_{19}$ and $GB_{24}$ and CSC group was injected into the $CV_{12}$, $ST_{25}$ and $CV_4$. Thereafter, the changes of the body weight, the liver weight and the weight of liver/100g body weight, WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte and the activities of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, AFP and SOD were measured. And gross anatomy, light and electron microscopy were performed. Results : The significant results were as follows, 1. The activities of LDH were significantly decreased in CSC group compared with control group. 2. The activities of AFP were significantly decreased in the BL, BG, CSC groups compared with control group. 3. The activities of SOD were increased in the BL, BG, CSC groups compared with control group and CSC group was significantly increased than normal group. 4. According to the gross anatomical observation, the control and BL, BG, CSC groups showed multi-nodular hepatocellular carcinoma. But the size and numbers of the hepatocellular carcinoma in experimental groups were smaller than control group. 5. The numbers of hepatic p53 positive cells were decreased in the BL, BG groups compared with control group. 6. According to the light and electron microscopical observation, the BL, BG and CSC groups were mildly improved than control group in morphological and histopathological changes. Conclusions : These results suggested that Inchinohryungsan pharmacopuncture may have some effects on hepatocellular carcinoma induced by DEN in rats.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2007

This research investigated the effect of different onggi containers (Korean earthenware) on the ripening of kochujang (Korean hot pepper paste). The physical characteristics of 'onggi', were evaluated as function of manufacturing variables such as raw material soils (onggi-specific soil, red brown soil, and fine powdered soil) and galzing treatments. The physical properties were then related to the compositional quality changes of the kochujang fermented at $30^{\circ}C$ for 4 months. The porosity of the onggi containers seems to be increased by the content of finer raw soil rather than the chemical component of soil (amount of CaO, MgO, $K_2O$ and $Na_2O$, acting as melting aid in the firing). Natural glaze was measured to contain higher contents of CaO, MgO, $K_2O$ and $Na_2O$ than the other soils, which is desirable property for the fired onggi. The glazed surface showed higher far-infrared radiation emissivity than the non-glazed part. The kochujang fermented in P0-BG (the glazed onggi from 100 % onggi soil) attained higher concentration of reducing sugar, amino nitrogen and nucleotides compared to those in the other onggis. All of these changes of kochujang in P0-BG resulted in significantly better sensory quality than the other treatments.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.504-511
• /
• 2018

Background: The biological activities of ginseng saponins (ginsenosides) are associated with type, number, and position of sugar moieties linked to aglycone skeletons. Deglycosylated minor ginsenosides are known to be more biologically active than major ginsenosides. Accordingly, the deglycosylation of major ginsenosides can provide the multibioactive effects of ginsenosides. The purpose of this study was to transform ginsenoside Rb2, one of the protopanaxadiol-type major ginsenosides, into minor ginsenosides using ${\beta}$-glycosidase (BG-1) purified from Armillaria mellea mycelium. Methods: Ginsenoside Rb2 was hydrolyzed by using BG-1; the hydrolytic properties of Rb2 by BG-1 were also characterized. In addition, the influence of reaction conditions such as reaction time, pH, and temperature, and transformation pathways of Rb2, Rd, F2, compound O (C-O), and C-Y by treatment with BG-1 were investigated. Results: BG-1 first hydrolyzes 3-O-outer ${\beta}$-$\text\tiny{D}$-glucoside of Rb2, then 3-O-${\beta}$-$\text\tiny{D}$-glucoside of C-O into C-Y. C-Y was gradually converted into C-K with a prolonged reaction time, but the pathway of Rb2 ${\rightarrow}$ Rd ${\rightarrow}$ F2 ${\rightarrow}$ C-K was not observed. The optimum reaction conditions for C-Y and C-K formation from Rb2 by BG-1 were pH 4.0-4.5, temperature $45-60^{\circ}C$, and reaction time 72-96 h. Conclusion: ${\beta}$-Glycosidase purified from A. mellea mycelium can be efficiently used to transform Rb2 into C-Y and C-K. To our best knowledge, this is the first result of transformation from Rb2 into C-Y and C-K by basidiomycete mushroom enzyme.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.25-37
• /
• 2004

T7 RNA polymerase also recognize intrinsic, hairpin-independent termination signal, a conserved 7-base pair sequence (ATCTGTT in the non-template stand) and U-rich sequence downstream of it. These intrinsic, hairpin-independent termination signal were commonly found in PTH and CJ termination sequences. There are two types of mutant T7 RNA polymerases recognizing sensitively(X3, X19, BG8) of insensitively (R173C) the intrinsic termination signals. We determined the T7 transcription activities of these mutants. Compared to wild-type, mutants X4, 19 and BG8 show highly reduced transcription activities (8%, 33%, 34%). On the other hand mutant R173C shows comparable transcription activity of wild-type (112%). Also transcription termination efficiencies at the PTH or CJ termination signals were determined by using mutant RNA polymerases. Temination of mutnats X4, X19 and BG8 are increased compared to wild-type. On the other hadn mutant R173C proceeds through PTH and CJ termination signals.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.57 no.4
• /
• pp.381-392
• /
• 2018

The distribution of mosquitoes collected in the Cheongju area from 2016-2018 were compared. The collection sites were established at a residential area, migratory bird sanctuary, and cowshed using black light (BL) and BG sentinel traps. Culex pipiens was the most collected species in the residential area, and Aedes vexans was the most collected species in the migratory bird sanctuary and cowshed in all years. The BG trap collected more individuals than did the BL trap in the residential area and migratory bird sanctuary. In total, 22,679 (10 species) mosquitoes were collected in 2016, and 6,502 (8 species) and 6,803 (9 species) mosquitoes were collected in 2017 and 2018, accounting for 3.49- and 3.33-fold decreases, respectively. The relationship between meteorological conditions and mosquito density, according to various variables, was not significant different. The Chaoyang virus was found in Aedes vexans and Culex pipiens collected at the cowshed in 2016 and 2018, respectively. Based on the results of this study, it is considered that continuous surveillance of mosquitoes should be performed for controlling mosquito populations and mediating diseases spread by this vector.