• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제49권1호
• /
• pp.224-233
• /
• 2017

In Korea, attempts have been made to develop high strength concrete for the safety and design life improvement of nuclear power plants. In this study, the cracking potentials of nuclear power plant-high strength concretes (NPP-HSCs) containing industrial by-products with W/B 0.34 and W/B 0.28, which are being reviewed for their application in the construction of containment structures, were evaluated through autogenous shrinkage, unrestrained drying shrinkage, and restrained drying shrinkage experiments. The cracking potentials of the NPP-HSCs with W/B 0.34 and W/B 0.28 were in the order of 0.34FA25 > 0.34FA25BFS25 > 0.34BFS50 > 0.34BFS65SF5 and 0.28FA25SF5 >> 0.28BFS65SF5 > 0.28BFS45SF5 > 0.28 FA20BFS25SF5, respectively. The cracking potentials of the seven mix proportions excluding 0.28FA25SF5 were lower than that of the existing nuclear power plant concrete; thus, the durability of a nuclear power plant against shrinkage cracking could be improved by applying the seven mix proportions with low cracking potentials.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.621-626
• /
• 2004

일반 콘크리트뿐만 아니라 고성능콘크리트 제조 시 고로슬래그(BFS)의 사용은 워커빌리티, 장기 강도 및 내구성 측면에서 장점을 갖는다. 그러나 슬래그 콘크리트는 일반 콘크리트에 비해 수축이 크며 특히 자기수축이 크게 발생하기 때문에 적절한 방법으로 제어하지 않으면 심각한 균열을 야기할 수 있다. 따라서 수축에 의한 균열 발생을 최소화하고 콘크리트 구조물의 사용 수명을 확보하기 위해서는 BFS를 함유한 콘크리트의 자기수축 거동에 대한 이해가 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 물-결합재(시멘트+BFS) 비(W/B)가 0.27${\~}$0.42이고 BFS 대체율이 각각 $0\%$, $30\%$, $50\%$인 각주형 콘크리트 시편을 제작하여 자기수축을 측정한 후, 실험결과를 바탕으로 자기수축 예측 모델의 재료 상수 값들을 결정하였다. 또한, 응력 발현에 기여하는 자기수축을 유효자기수축으로 정의하고, 다양한 W/B를 고려한 재령 28일에서의 유효자기수축 변형률 추정식을 제안하였다. 실험결과, W/B가 동일할 때 콘크리트의 자기수축은 BFS의 사용량에 따라 증가하였다. 또한 동일한 양의 BFS를 사용한 경우, W/B가 낮아짐에 따라 자기수축 증가율이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 고로슬래그 콘크리트의 자기수축을 줄이기 위해서는 자기수축을 줄이는 수축저감제 등의 혼화 재료를 사용하거나 시공 현장에서의 충분한 습윤양생이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.391-396
• /
• 2005

본 연구는 김치의 저장기간에 따른 pH, 총산, 향기성분 및 관능검사를 실시하여 풍미, 식미감 및 기호도 면에서 가장 뛰어난 김치의 조건을 찾아내고, 위 김치의 분말첨가량을 달리하여 제조한 BFS(Breakfast Sausage)에 대한 관능검사를 실시하여 담백한 맛과 향을 제공하면서 영양성과 보존성이 뛰어난 동결 김치분말 첨가 BFS(Breakfast Sausage)를 개발하고자 한 논문으로 그 결과는 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. pH는 김치의 저장기간이 증가함에 따라 pH 5.5에서 pH 3.9로 낮아졌고 총산은 0.35%에서 0.82%로 높아졌으며, 관능검사 결과는 저장 18일이 가장 높은 선호도를 보였으며, 그 다음은 저장 12일부터 18일 사이에 비교적 높은 선호도를 보였다. 따라서 pH 4.0, 총산 0.73%을 나타낸 저장 18일째의 김치를 동결 건조하여 동결김치분말 첨가 BFS(breakfast sausage)의 제조에 사용하였다. 2. 김치(pH 4.0, 총산 0.73%, 저장 18일)의 향기 성분을 분석한 결과는 aldehyde류가 5종, acid가 4종, ester가 5종, sulfide1종, alcohol 1종 등으로 나타났다. 3. 동결김치분말의 첨가량을 0, 3, 6, 9%로 달리하여 제조한 BFS(breakfast sausage)를 굽지 않고 실시한 관능검사 결과, 색은 김치분말 9%첨가군(6.65점)이, 맛(6.45점)과 전반적인 기호도(6.25점)는 김치분말 3% 첨가군이, 부드러움은 Cotrol군(5.70점)이, 매운 맛은 김치분말 9% 첨가군(6.85점)이 가장 좋게 평가되었고, 구운 뒤 실시한 관능 평가 결과, 색(7.15점), 맛(7.10점), 부드러움(6.00점), 전반적인 기호도(7.15점) 등 거의 모든 평가항목에서 김치 분말첨가 3%군이 가장 좋게 평가되었다. 또한 구운 것과 굽지 않은 것을 비교하면 구운 것이 안 구운 것보다 좋은 점수를 받았다. 따라서 동결김치분말 3%를 첨가하여 구워 만드는 BFS(breakfast sausage)가 가장 우수한 제품이라고 사료된다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.50-50
• /
• 2022

Recently, the use of mulching film has increased in soybean cultivation. Polyethylene (PE) films and biodegradable films (BF) have the advantages of improving soil moisture retention, geothermal maintenance, and CO2 maintenance as well providing weed control. Furthermore, BFs are a material that can compensate for the shortcomings of PE because it has the ability to decompose naturally by soil microorganisms, sunlight, and geothermal heat. Many researches have been carrying out studies regarding the development of BFs for these very reasons. This study was conducted better understand which films are optimal for soybean cultivation after evaluations of soybean growth and film characteristics of various BFs. BFs Farmsbio (Farm Hannong), Heulgro Film (Sejin Bio), Vonto Film (Eco-Hansung), two unnamed biodegradable films (Seojin Bio and Taesung), and a PE film were used in this study. For the control plots, no mulching was used. Experimental fields were fertilized according to conventional cultivation methods, tilled, and then covered with either BFs or PE films. After 1 week, soybean (cv. Daechan) seeds were seeded. Germination rate and plant height were measured at weekly intervals after seeding. In addition, pH, EC, and decomposition and light transmittance levels of films were measured during the experimental period. Daily average temperatures and relative humidity in soils was measured during the experimental period. There was no significant difference in germination rates and plant height in both crops grown with BFs and PE films, but crops grown in the control plot had significantly lower germination rates and growth. Soil pH was not significantly different regardless of treatments (BF, PE, and non-mulching) at 14, 28, and 42 days after seeding. In general, the EC contents in the control plots was lower than in crops grown using BFs and PE films. With the exception of some BFs, light transmittance and decomposition levels of films did not, in general, increase up to 70 days after soybean seeding. Since this study is ongoing, we are continually investigating these parameters. The average daily moisture in soil was higher in crops grown with BFs and PE films than in the control plot. However, the daily average soil temperature was not consistent regardless of treatments. Therefore, the BFs used in this study can be used without negative impacts on soybean growth.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.18-24
• /
• 2013

최근 친환경 콘크리트에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 이에 따라 산업부산물인 고로슬래그 사용이 확대되고 있으며, 이에 대한 연구도 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 고로슬래그는 콘크리트 내부의 치밀화를 통해 내구성 향상에 도움이 되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 물-결합재비별 다양한 고로슬래그 치환에 따른 단열온도상승시험을 통해 고로슬래그 사용 콘크리트의 발열 및 수화 특성을 알아보려 한다. 콘크리트 배합은 물-결합재비를 각각 0.35, 0.45 0.55 3종류로 하였으며, 치환율은 변수별로 0, 15, 30, 45%를 하여 영향 특성을 파악하기 위한 배합을 선정하였으며, 압축강도 및 단열온도 상승시험을 진행을 실시하였다. 또한, 실험결과를 통해 콘크리트 표준시방서에 있는 단열온도상승식의 회귀분석 계수를 제시하였으며, 고로슬래그 치환율에 영향을 분석하였다. 실험결과에 따르면 압축강도는 고로슬래그 치환율이 높아질수록 약간의 저하 혹은 동등의 결과를 나타내었으며, 단열온도상승시험은 고로슬래그 치환율이 높아질수록 최종온도상승값은 저하하였으며, 회귀분석을 통해 상승계수값도 저하함을 확인할 수 있었다. 추후 좀 더 다양한 고로슬래그 치환율 및 결합재에 따른 단열온도상승식을 제시하는 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.52-52
• /
• 2022

Recently, PE (polyethylene) film has been used increasingly in com cultivation. However, PE films often cause soil and environment contamination. In order to reduce this problem, many researches have been carrying out studies on biodegradable films (BF) that are easily decomposed by soil microorganisms. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine which BF is optimal for growth and yield of com crops while also having the highest rates of film decomposition. BFs Farmsbio (Farm Hannong), Heulgro Film (Sejin Bio), Vonto Film (Eco-Hansung) as well as a selected PE film were used in this study. For the control, we used crops grown without any kind of mulching. Experimental fields were fertilized according to conventional cultivation methods, tilled, and then covered by either BF or PE. After 1 week, com (cv. MIBECK2ho) at the 3-leaf stage (16 days after seeding) was transplanted. Plant height was measured at 18 and 32 days after transplanting and heading stages. Yield components and yield were also measured at harvest. In addition, pH, EC, and decomposition and light transmittance levels of films were investigated during the experimental period. Daily average temperature, relative humidity and organic matter in soils were also measured during the experimental period. There was no significant difference in plant height, heading date, and silking between crops with BFs and PE, but the crops grown with BFs and PE films reached higher growth parameters in a shorter amount of time than the crops in the non-mulching control. Additionally, there were no significant differences in yield components such as length of ears, ear width, ear weight, and yield in crops that were grown using films or crops in the control plot. Light transmittance and decomposition levels of films generally increased with time after transplanting, and was highest in the Heulgro film than other BFs. Soil pH and organic matter in crops using BFs and PE films were significantly higher than in the control plot at 99 and 113 days after transplanting. In general, the EC contents in the control plot was lower than in crops using BFs and PE films. The average daily moisture in soil was higher when BFs and PE films were used than in the control plot. However, the daily average soil temperature was higher in crops using BFs and PE films than in the control plots at the beginning of the experimental period, but there was no consistent difference in soil temperature towards the later part of the experimental period. Therefore, the BFs used in this study were shown to be helpful without causing negative impacts on the growth and yield of com.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.207-218
• /
• 2011

This article describes laboratory research done on strength evaluations for stabilized samples made of tropical fibrous peat. The stabilizing agents used were ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as binding agent and blast furnace slag (BFS) as additive. Stabilized samples were tested for their strength through unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR). Different dosage rates of OPC and BFS were used in trial and error experiments for the most effective combination for stabilized peat samples that were at their natural moisture content. Stabilized trial samples were air cured for 90 days. After detecting the most effective dosage rate in the trial samples, their values were used to prepare CBR samples at their optimum moisture content (OMC). CBR samples were then air cured from 1 to 90 days and tested under un-soaked and soaked conditions. The most effective dosage rate for the stabilized peat samples was found to be close to when 75% for OPC and 25% of BFS per total weight of OPC, and BFS. As an example, if 11.25% OPC, and 3.75% BFS are mixed with peat and compacted at their OMC and air cured for 90 days, stabilized peat will have an increase in CBR of 0.8% to 45 % for un-soaked and 20% for soaked conditions.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제45권6호
• /
• pp.336-344
• /
• 2008

Rheological properties of cement pastes containing blast furnace slag (BFS: 3,900, $7,910\;cm^2/g$) or fly ash powder (FA: 4,120, $8,100\;cm^2/g$) according to the ratio of water/binder (W/B) and the dosage of polycarboxylate type superplasticizer (PC) were investigated by a mini slump and a coaxial cylinder viscometer. In this experiment, the ratio of replacing OPC with BFS or FA was 30 wt%, the W/B was from 30 to 70 wt%. As a result, the fluidity of cement paste containing BFS or FA was improved with increasing W/B and the dosage of PC. BFS or FA replaced cement paste with W/B 70% and PC 0.3% showed the highest fluidity. The segregation range of cement paste was occurred below $10\;d/cm^2$ of the yield stress and below 50 cPs of the plastic viscosity by the coaxial cylinder viscometer. And also it was formed that the plastic viscosity and the yield stress of FA replaced cement paste were higher than them of BFS replaced cement paste.

• Elastomers and Composites
• /
• 제57권4호
• /
• pp.157-164
• /
• 2022

Representative bulletproof materials, such as aramid or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE), have excellent strength and modulus in the plane direction but are very vulnerable to forces applied in the thickness direction. This paper reports a study on the effects of reinforcement in the thickness direction when bulletproof composite fabrics are prepared to improve their performance. Aramid and UHMWPE fabrics were combined using the film-bonding, needle-punching, or stitching methods and then subjected to low-velocity projectile and ball-drop impact tests. The results of the low-velocity projectile test indicated that the backface signature(BFS) decreased by up to 29.2% in fabrics obtained via the film-bonding method. However, the weight of the film-bonded fabric increased by approximately 23% compared with that obtained by simple lamination, and the fabric stiffened on account of the binder. Flexibility, light weight for wearability, and excellent bulletproof performance are very important factors in the development of bulletproof materials. When the needle-punching method was used, the BFS increased as the fibers sustained damage by the needle. When the composite fabrics were combined by stitching, no significant difference in weight and thickness was observed, and the BFS showed similar results. When a diagonal stitching pattern was employed, the BFS decreased as the stitching density increased. By contrast, when a diamond stitching pattern was used, the fabric fibers were damaged and the BFS increased as the stitching density increased.

• Advances in concrete construction
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.11-22
• /
• 2023

Autogenous healing of concrete can be helpful in structural maintenance by healing cracks using a healing material created by the precipitation of calcite and by the hydration of unhydrated binder around the cracks. Against this backdrop, this study investigated the physicochemical properties and autogenous healing performance of ternary blended binder composed of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), blast furnace slag (BFS), and calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) clinker. Ternary blended binders with various contents of OPC-BFS-CSA clinker were prepared, and their physicochemical properties and autogenous healing performances were examined using various analytical techniques and visually observed using a microscope. The obtained results indicated that increase in the BFS content accompanied the increased the amount of unreacted BFS even after 28 days of curing and had a positive effect on the autogenous healing performance due to its latent hydration. However, replacing the CSA clinker did not increase the autogenous healing performance owing to an insufficient sulfate source for the formation of ettringite. The main precipitates around the cracks were calcite, C-S-H. Other hydration products such as portlandite, monosulfate, and ettringite, which were not found in the Raman and scanning electron microscope analyses.