• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.4-8
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• 1965

Wir wollten beobachten, ob die Chlorophyllbnahme von Chlorella luteoviridis(211/2b) bei Glukose-Zugabe durch Stickstoffmangel hervorgerufen worden ist, wie viele Leute bei mineralsalzmangel(Aach (1952, Fogg 1956 Eyster et al (1958), oder Photooxydationschlorose (Kandler 1958) vermuteten. Chlorella luteoviridis bildete nicht Chlorophyll bei Glukosezugabe wie bei Autotrophkultur, obwohl Stickstoffsynthese bei Autotrophkultur stark gef rdert worden ist. Bei Nitratanzucht mit Glukose (Mixotroph) waren die Zellvermehrung und Kohlenhydratbildung nicht so stark wie bei der Glukoseanzucht mit NH4Cl2 trotzdem nahm Chlorophyll ab. Chlorella luteoviridis bildete Chlorophyll im Dunkeln und St rkeakkumulation erschien nicht bei Glukoseanzucht.

• 복식
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• 제43권
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• pp.283-298
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• 1999

Bei-Wei(北魏) arose from Ta-ba clan(拓拔氏), a race belonging to Xian-bei(삼배) and it was the first foreign dynasty that reigned the central area of China in A.D 386-534. Xiao-wen-di(孝文帝) found it necessary to adopt the ruling mechanism of Han race's 'Sino-centralism' so as to establish orthodoxy of Xian-bei dynasty. He ordered Xian-bei people to channge their own costume for the costume of Han race. Costume was one of ruling means in Xiao-wen-di's case. However the revolutionary policy of Sinonizatio by Xiao-wen-di brought abuot serious conflicts and confrontations among classes of Xian-bei Xiao-bei wore their own costume and opposed Xiao-wen-di(孝文帝)'s policy Consequently Xian-wen-di(孝文帝)'s Sinonization policy accelerated the downfall of Bei-Wei(北魏). In the course of reformation and downfall of Bei-Wei(北魏) costume played an important role of representing national indentity.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2014

The BeiDou is a satellite-based positioning and navigation system, which is under construction by the China Satellite Navigation Office. Until the June of 2014, the constellation of BeiDou navigation satellite system consists of 14 satellites including five geostationary earth orbit (GEO), five inclined geosynchronous earth orbit (IGSO) and four medium earth orbit (MEO). In this paper, we present the positioning results using BeiDou B1 code measurements obtained from three GNSS reference stations (BHAO, SKMA, MKPO). Combined Beidou/GPS positioning results are also compared to BeiDou and GPS only. BeiDou-only positioning errors for the east-west and north-south direction had less than 2 meter with root mean square (RMS) value. However, the positioning error for the up-down direction had larger than 10 meter at a 95% confidence level. Our results also suggest that the position precision is improved by combined BeiDou/GPS compared to BeiDou-only.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.73-77
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• 2015

Global Positioning System (GPS) Precise Point Positioning (PPP) has been extensively used for geodetic applications. Since December 2012, BeiDou navigation satellite system has provided regional positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) services over the Asia-Pacific region. Recently, many studies on BeiDou system have been conducted, particularly in the area of precise orbit determination and precise positioning. In this paper PPP method based on BeiDou observations are presented. GPS and BeiDou data obtained from Mokpo (MKPO) station are processed using the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) PPP software. The positions are derived from the GPS PPP, BeiDou B₁/B₂ PPP and BeiDou B₁/B₃ PPP, respectively. The position errors on BeiDou PPP show a mean bias < 2 cm in the east and north components and approximately 3 cm in the vertical component. It indicates that BeiDou PPP is ready for the precise positioning applications in the Asia-Pacific region. In addition, BeiDou tropospheric zenith total delay (ZTD) is compared to GPS ZTD at MKPO station. The mean value of their difference is approximately 0.52 cm.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

The Chinese BeiDou Satellite Navigation System consists of three kinds of constellations: the geostationary Earth orbit (GEO), the inclined geosynchronous satellite orbit (IGSO), and the medium Earth orbit (MEO). The BeiDou has expanded its service coverage from regional to global. Recently, the BeiDou has been widely used in ionospheric total electron content (TEC) research. In this study, we analyzed the BeiDou signals for ionospheric TEC monitoring over Jeju Island in South Korea. The BeiDou GEO TEC showed a clear pattern of diurnal variations. In addition, we compared the TEC values from the BeiDou GEO, the BeiDou IGSO, GPS, and International GNSS Service (IGS) Global Ionosphere Maps (GIM). There was a difference of about 5 TEC units between the BeiDou GEO and the IGS GIM. This may be due to the altitude difference between the different navigation satellites.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.2307-2314
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 위성항법시스템(Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS)의 다양화에 따른 위성항법보정시스템(Differential GNSS, DGNSS) 기준국 설계를 위하여, 중국 위성항법시스템인 BeiDou의 의사거리 보정정보 생성 알고리즘과 시뮬레이션 기반의 성능 검증에 대해 중점적으로 다룬다. 먼저 DGNSS 기준국/감시국(Reference Station and Integrity Monitor, RSIM)에서의 국제적 표준 및 요구성능에 대해 살펴보고, BeiDou 연동제어문서(Interface Control Document, ICD)를 기반으로 위성의 위치를 추정하고 위성시계 옵셋과 사용자 수신기의 시계오차, 그리고 GPS(Global Positioning System)와 BeiDou 위성의 시스템 타임 옵셋을 계산하여 BeiDou 의사거리 보정정보(Pseudorange Correction, PRC)를 생성한다. GPS/BeiDou 시뮬레이터를 연동한 성능검증 플랫폼을 기반으로 BeiDou 보정정보의 오차를 계산하고, 그 측위정확도를 분석하여 성능검증을 수행하였다. 실험결과 BeiDou 의사거리 보정정보가 RTCM(Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services)에서 요구하는 기준국 운영 및 보정서비스를 위한 측위성능을 충족함을 확인하였다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.27-43
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• 1965

Wir haben das Wachstum und Chloropbyllzunahme und -abnahme bei der Autotroph-, Mixotroph-, und Heterotrophanzucht analysiert, und ob Glukose-Chlorose von Stickstoffi-nangel verursacht wird, oder Glukose die Chlorophyllbildung unterdriickt, und wie Lipid und Stdrke gebildet worden ist. Wir wollten bei Glukose-Chlorose Zucker, Stickstoff und Chlorophyll drei Verhiiltnisse untersuchen. Chlorella variegate fehlte Nitrat-Reduktase. Sie wachste nicht mit $KNO_3$ als stickstaffquelle und bildete kein chlorophyll bei Heterotroph und unterdrilckte chlorophyllbildung bei Mixotroph. Akkumulation von Lipid und Stdrke war nicht so viel wie bei Mineralsalz mangelchlorose. Chlorella variegate brauchte nicht $CO_2$ die Oxydationsphosphorylierung aber $O_2$ ist notig. Durch DNP und Fluoracetat blockierte Chlorella variegate die oxydationsph-osphorylieriing. Zell-Vermehrung und Koblenhydratbildung sind reduziert worden, aber nicht normal.

• ALGAE
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.183-195
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• 2015

The dinoflagellate genus Pelagodinium is genetically classified in distinct sub-clades and subgroups. However, it is difficult to determine whether this genetic diversity represents intra- or interspecific divergence within the genus since only the morphology of the type strain of the genus Pelagodinium, Pelagodinium bei, is available. An isolate associated with the genus Pelagodinium from Shiwha Bay, Korea, was recently cultured. This isolate was clustered with 3 to 4 strains from the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, and Indian Ocean. This cluster was distinct from the subgroup more closely associated with P. bei. The morphology of the isolate was analyzed using optical and scanning electron microscopy and was almost identical to that of P. bei except that this isolate had two series of amphiesmal vesicles (AVs) in the cingulum, unlike P. bei that has one series. When the pigment compositions of the isolate and P. bei were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography, these two strains had peridinin as a major accessory pigment and their pigment compositions were almost identical. In addition, the swimming behaviors of these two strains were very similar. The reexamination of the type culture of P. bei revealed two series in the cingulum as for the isolate. The new findings on the number of series of AVs in the cingulum, the pigment composition, and the swimming behaviors suggest that P. bei and the isolate are conspecific despite their genetic divergence. This study provides a basis to further understand the molecular classification within Pelagodinium combining genetic, morphological, pigment, and behavioral data.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.115-130
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• 2014

Objectives The objective of this study is to interpretate Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou" in a modern kineologic approach Methods Based on the interpretation of "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou" and implementation of its kinesiology, this study presents similar kineologies and their purposes, with the reference to various documents on modern kinesiology. Results 1) Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou" is similar to stretching, active exercise and resistance exercise. 2) Exercises in Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou", which are similar to resistance exercise, can be used for isometic exercise of cervical extensor. 3) Exercises in Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou", which are similar to Stretching exercise, has its purpose to stretch quadratus Lumborum, lateral side of body, gluteus Maximus, quadriceps femoris, shoulder extensor, hamstrings, hip joint, ankle dorsi flexor, thoracic rotator,inferior shoulder joint. 4) Exercises in Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou", which are similar to active exercise, can be used for strengthen exteral oblique. 5) Doctors can make various applications of Yansaeng-Doinbub. For example, it can be used to correct improper low back and neck exercise patterns. 6) Yangsaeng-Doinbub also describes breathing methods, which help normalization of breathing exercises and increase the efficiency of spine exercises. Conclusions The modern interpretation on kinesiology of Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou" leads to a conclusion that Yangsaeng-Doinbub consists of numourous exercises for various body parts. In particular, breathing methods increase efficiency of such exercises. Plus, the exercises in Yangsaeng-Doinbub can be applied to various uses by doctors.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.434-443
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• 2001

통계적 인접성을 중시하는 기존의 최적화 기법과는 달리 최대 BEI 지수를 추적하여 공간적 인접성을 최적화하는 새로운 최적화 기법을 개발하였다. 5가지 계급수에 대해 등간격, 시각구분법, 사분위법을 비롯해 최적화하여 얻은 최대 BEI, 최대 TEI를 나타내는 5가지 계급구분 방법으로 만들어진 25개의 단계구분도에 대해 계급구간 분류의 효율성을 분석하였다. 이때 사용된 평가기준은 TEI, BEI, $C_{F}$이다. 최대 BEI와 최대 TEI를 나타내는 계급구간에서는 비교적 안정적이고 효율적인 분류 결과를 얻을 수 있었으나, 두 결과는 서로 상반된 결과를 보여주었다. 한편 시각구분법으로 얻은 분류 결과 역시 평가지수에서 높은 점수를 받았는데, 이는 새로운 지수인 $\alpha$-index를 통해서도 확인할 수 있었다.다.