• 아동학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.15-32
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• 2011

The purpose of the present study was to examine mechanisms by which the characteristics of child temperament influences academic achievement in late childhood. It was hypothesized that the effects of child temperament on achievement would be mediated by assertive behavior on the part of children and maternal parenting behavior. Data for this study came from self-report questionnaires completed by 657 elementary school children (343 boys, 314 girls). The results of structural equation modeling demonstrated that child temperament affected academic achievement through both assertive behavior and maternal parenting behavior; this was evidenced across the entire sample. Child temperament (approach-withdrawal, mood quality, persistence) also had a number of positive effects on assertive behavior (directiveness, social assertiveness, defense of rights and interests) and maternal parental behavior (warmth-acceptance, guidance). These results were found to be the case for both boys and girls. The results of this study further revealed that maternal parenting behavior mediated the relationship between child temperament and achievement for boys, whereas assertive behavior played the same role for girls. These findings suggest the need for different approaches in developing programs to improve levels of academic achievement which give due consideration to child temperament and social behavior as well as parenting, based on child gender.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2006

Using a Rheometries Dynamic Analyzer (RDA II), the dynamic viscoelastic properties of a semi-solid ointment base (vaseline) in large amplitude oscillatory shear flow fields were measured over a temperature range of $25{\sim}45^{\circ}C$ and the linear viscoelastic behavior in small amplitude oscillatory shear flow fields was investigated over a wide range of angular frequencies. In this article, the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior was reported from the experimentally obtained data and the effect of temperature on this behavior was discussed in detail. In addition, the angular frequency and temperature dependencies of a linear viscoelastic behavior were explained. Finally, the applicability of a time-temperature superposition principle originally developed for polymeric materials was examined using a shift factor. Main results obtained from this study can be summarized as follows : (1) At very small strain amplitude region, vaseline shows a linear viscoelastic behavior independent of the imposed deformation magnitudes. Above a critical strain amplitude $({\gamma}_{0}=0.1{\sim}0.2%)$, however, vaseline exhibits a nonlinear viscoelastic behavior ; indicating that both the storage modulus and dynamic viscosity are sharply decreased with increasing deformation magnitude. (2) In large amplitude oscillatory shear flow fields, an elastic behavior (storage modulus) has a stronger strain amplitude dependence and begins to show a nonlinear behavior at a smaller strain amplitude region than does a viscous behavior (dynamic viscosity). (3) In small amplitude oscillatory shear flow fields, the storage modulus as well as the loss modulus are continuously increased as an increase in angular frequency and an elastic nature is always superior to a viscous behavior over a wide range of angular frequencies. (4) A time-temperature superposition principle can successfully be applicable to vaseline. This finding allows us to estimate the dynamic viscoelastic behavior of vaseline over an extraordinarily extended range (11 decades) of angular frequencies inaccessible from the experimentally measured range (4 decades).

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.39-53
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the relation of elementary school children's stress and coping behavior in urban and rural areas. The subject included 286 children selected from 4 elementary schools in urban and rural areas. The instruments included the children's stress index and coping behavior questionnaire of the elementary school children. The statistics used from this data were t-test, one-way ANOVA(Duncan test), correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. This study showed significant differences between urban and rural children's stress in school attainment domain, teacher-school domain, home environment domain and surroundings domain. And urban and rural children was different in active, passive/avoidant and aggressive coping behavior. The stress of urban's children was influenced significantly by the grade and school attainment variales, and the rural children's stress was influenced significantly by the gender variable. The coping behavior of urban's children was influenced by the gender, grade and school attainment variables, and also the rural children's coping behavior was influenced by the above variables. Correlation analysis indicated that children's stress and aggressive coping behavior were relative positive high correlation in urban areas, and children's stress and passive/avoidant coping behavior were positive high correlation in rural areas. It was also found that school attainment, aggressive coping behavior and passive/avoidant coping behavior were significant predictors of urban children's stress, and gender, passive/avoidant coping behavior and aggressive coping behavior were significant predictors of rural children's stress.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1093-1104
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of chronic disease on oral health behavior. Methods: The subjects were 317 adults over 30-years old living in urban and rural areas. They were selected by convenience sampling method and filled out the self-reported questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics, dental treatment, chronic disease, and oral health behavior including oral health self-care behavior and professional oral health care. Results: The self-care oral health behavior and the professional oral health care had a negative correlation with the chronic diseases. Especially, the self-care oral health behavior and the professional oral health care had a statistically significant negative correlation with hypertension and osteoporosis. Multiple regression analysis was performed after including general characteristics, dental treatment, chronic disease. Meanwhile the presence of chronic disease had a significant influence on the self-care oral health behavior and the professional oral health care. Hypertension and Osteoporosis were the most influential factors of chronic diseases and had a significant influence on the oral health behavior. In conclusion, the chronic diseases aggravated the oral health behavior practice. Conclusions: presence of chronic disease affects oral health behavior. Therefore, the effective intervention and education programs related to oral health care are necessary to enhance adult's oral health behavior and total health. The continuous follow-up study will determine the causal relationship between oral health behavior and the presence of chronic disease.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.14-26
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• 2018

This study was to explore purchasing behavior and repurchase intention by considering social-face sensitivity and conspicuous consumption. To do this, first, this study tried to explain how consumers had different characteristics for social-face sensitivity, conspicuous consumption, purchasing behavior, and repurchase intention for outdoor wear. Second, this study tested the relationship between consumer behavior (purchasing behavior and repurchase intention) and social-face sensitivity by considering the mediating effect of conspicuous consumption. As the results, first, there was a significant relationship between social-face sensitivity (sensitivity to saving face) and conspicuous consumption, which had a significant effect on the purchasing behavior with outdoor wear(purchase frequency, purchase cost). Second, social-face sensitivity (consciousness of shame) had a significant effect on conspicuous consumption (preference for famous brands, status symbol, pursuing fashion), and social face sensitivity (consciousness of social formality) had a significant effect on conspicuous consumption (preference for famous brands). The relationship between the conspicuous consumption and purchasing behavior showed that conspicuous consumption had significant effects on consumer behavior (purchase frequency, purchase cost). The relationship between the social-face sensitivity and purchasing behavior showed that being conscious of others had a significant effect on purchasing behavior. Third, purchasing behavior with outdoor wear had a significant effect on repurchase intention. Finally, this study confirmed that conspicuous consumption had a partially significant mediating effect on the relationship between social-face sensitivity (sensitivity to saving face) and purchasing behavior.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the related variables of university students' coping behavior concerning job-searching problems. The subjects were 436 senior students (212 men and 224 women) enrolled in a university in Gyeongbuk Province. Survey questionnaires were used to measure undergraduate students' coping behavior concerning job-searching problems, work commitment, their will to accept downward employment, sex role identity, grade, sex, perceived SES, and major. Data were analyzed by means, standard deviations, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe' test, and regression. Results are summarized as follows: (1) Male students' level of active and supportive coping behavior was higher than female students'. Male students' level of evasive coping behavior was lower than female students'. Students who perceive their economic condition as negative were higher in active and supportive coping behavior and lower in evasive coping behavior than the students who perceive their economic condition as positive. (2) The students who were strong in work commitment were higher in active coping behavior, and lower in evasive coping behavior than those who were not. (3) The students who were willing to accept downward employment were higher in active coping behavior than those who were not.(4) The students' coping behavior concerning job-searching problems differed according to their sex role identity. (5) Work commitment and sex role identity were influential variables on university students' job-coping behavior.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.605-613
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• 2017

본 연구는 청소년들의 참여행동이 진로준비행동에 미치는 영향에 있어서 진로결정 자기효능감의 매개효과를 검증하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 연구수행을 위해 J지역에 거주하고 있는 청소년 1,077명을 대상으로 수집된 자료를 활용하여 경로분석 방법을 통해 청소년의 진로준비행동에 대한 참여행동과 진로결정 자기효능감의 직접적인 영향력과 참여행동이 진로결정 자기효능감을 매개하는 간접적인 영향력을 확인하였다. 연구를 통해 청소년의 참여행동과 진로결정 자기효능감의 진로준비행동에 직접적인 영향력과 참여행동이 진로결정 자기효능감을 매개하는 간접적인 영향력을 확인하였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 청소년의 진로준비행동에 있어서 참여행동과 진로결정 자기효능감의 중요성을 다시 확인시켜 주었으며, 특히 청소년의 진로준비행동에 대한 개입에 있어서 참여행동과 진로결정 자기효능감의 관계 구조에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 개입이 이루어져야 할 필요가 있음을 의미한다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 하여 청소년의 참여행동, 진로결정 자기효능감, 진로준비행동을 증진하기 위한 융복합적 제언을 제시하였다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to utilize an extended Theory of Planned Behavior in identifying predictors of exclusive breastfeeding intention and behavior among women in Kelantan, Malaysia. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted, recruiting pregnant womenthrough two-stage cluster sampling. Their exclusive breastfeeding intention, attitude, perceived norm, perceived behavioral control and past behavior were obtained at baseline through interviewer-guided questionnaire. At one month after delivery, another interview was conducted to determine the two additional variables in the extended theory, which were their postpartum support and breastfeeding difficulty. The behavior, which was the actual duration of exclusive breastfeeding, was obtained from the second follow-up at six months. Pearson correlation and two hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: A total of 200 women completed the study follow-up. Their median intended exclusive breastfeeding duration was 4.0 (IQR 5) months, and the median actual duration was 1.0 (IQR 4) month. The Theory of Planned Behavior explained 51.0% of the variance in intention, with perceived behavioral control and attitude were the significant predictors. It also explained 10.0% of the variance in behavior, but the addition of postpartum support and breastfeeding difficulty increased the amount of explained variance in behavior by 6.0%. The significant predictors of exclusive breastfeeding behavior were intention, postpartum support and breastfeeding difficulty. CONCLUSION: The extended Theory of Planned Behaviorhad a good predictive ability in explaining exclusive breastfeedingintention and behavior. The women's intention to practice exclusive breastfeeding may be improved by improving their perceived behavioral control and attitude. Providing correct postpartum support and skills to handle breastfeeding difficulties after delivery will improve their exclusive breastfeeding behavior.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.17-31
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• 2021

Purpose: Despite the fact that face (i.e. Chemyon) is deeply-rooted in Korean culture and significantly affects the behavior of Korean people, the effect of face on leisure consumers' consumption behavior has only reported mixed findings, that is, significant and/or insignificant face effects have been reported. It is necessary to integrate prior research findings, and comprehensively examine the effect of face on leisure consumers' consumption behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect (i.e. effect size, and moderating variables) of face on leisure consumers' consumption behavior through meta-analysis. Research design, data and methodology: Among 1,019 face-related academic studies, retrieved from the academic research information services (RISS), 34 studies and 300 cases examining the effect of face on leisure consumers' consumption behavior were finally included for meta-analysis. Face measured as face sensitivity and/or a face sensitivity sub-component (shame-consciousness, formality-consciousness, and other-consciousness) were integrated in the meta-analysis. Leisure consumers' consumption behavior was classified as antecedents of purchase (overall conspicuous consumption tendency, overall symbolic consumption tendency, personality, high price, high quality, brand seeking, fashion seeking, enjoyment, other person (interpersonal) consideration, position, reference group, and attitude), purchase (purchase intention, unplanned purchase, purchase, and expenditure), and post-purchase (satisfaction, repurchase, and post-purchase). The data used in the meta-analysis was comprised of correlation coefficients, and the meta-analysis was performed using the R-program. Results: The overall mean effect size of face on leisure consumers' consumption behavior was .248. It was found that the effect size was the largest in the order of shame-consciousness face, formality-consciousness face, and other-consciousness face. Among the types of leisure consumers' consumption behavior categorized as dependent variables, the effect size was found to be largest in the order of position, attitude, reference group, post-purchase behavior, brand seeking, personality, trend seeking, etc. In addition, it was found that the leisure types moderated the effect size of face on leisure consumers' consumption behavior. The effect size was found to be largest in the order of skin diving, baseball, various leisure participation, dance, gambling, golf, etc. Conclusions: Face moderately or significantly influence leisure consumers' consumption behavior.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.28-37
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• 2021

Background: Career success is the psychological achievement associated with an individual's work. Protean career management behavior is the behavior of managing individual careers in order to achieve individual career goals. The purpose of this study was to clarify the career success of dental hygienists as perceived by clinical dental hygienists and to compare the relationship between career success and protean career management behavior. Methods: Nationwide convenience samples of clinical dental hygienists were obtained; 354 people were surveyed online, and the data of 350 people were finally analyzed. The perception of career success of dental hygienists was assessed using a multiple response method. T-test, ANOVA, and χ2 tests were performed to investigate the differences and relationships between protean career management behavior and career success according to the general characteristics. Results: Career success was recognized by clinical dental hygienists as "income", "work proficiency", "patient consultation", "self-satisfaction", and "recognition by superiors" in order. There were significant differences in protean career management behavior according to general characteristics (p<0.05). Higher career management behavior was common in those higher in age, in married participants, in those with higher educational background, and in those with a higher career, better position, and more job change experience (p<0.05). Among the variables of career success perceived by clinical dental hygienists, "work proficiency" had a significant effect on "career management behavior" (p<0.05). "Work proficiency" and "recognition by superiors" were significant in "protean technological development behavior," and they also influenced actual behavior (p<0.05). Conclusion: The relationship between dental hygienists' career success and protean career management behavior was clarified. Dental hygienists performed career management behaviors to develop work ability and skills. In addition, the relationship between career management behavior and long-term employment was confirmed.