• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.713-721
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• 2023

Conventional mining enterprises, particularly coal-related ones, exhibit substantial environmental pollution and high energy consumption, while those involved in new energy resources, such as lithium and cobalt, face severe resource shortages. Consequently, the economic efficiency of China's mining enterprises is significantly constrained. This study examines data from nine representative listed enterprises in China spanning 2016 to 2021. Employing the DEA model-i.e., BCC (VRS) model, we analyze the economic efficiency of mining enterprises with a focus on stakeholders. The paper provides static and dynamic analyses, offering insights and recommendations for enhancing technology, reducing costs, and fortifying social relationships.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.119-133
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• 2013

This study aims to provide power generating plants with eco-efficiency information. To implement the purposes, of study, both DEA(Data, Envelopment Analysis) model and interview were incorporated in terms of methodologies. To analyze the managerial efficiency, total labor cost and number of employees were considered as input factors. CO2, NOx, and water also were considered as input factors to analyze eco-efficiency. Both annual total power product and annual total revenue were used as output factors. CRS(Constant Return to Scale) and VRS(Variable Return to) model were facilitated in this analysis. According to the findings, most of the power plants were evaluated as 'Efficient'' taking into consideration of average value, both 0.928 from CCR model and 0.969 from VRS model. 7 DMUs including DMU3 and DMU12 are efficient out of 35 DMUs relatively, other DMUs are inefficient. For results of inefficient output factors distribution, it was found that inefficiency for NOx was marked relatively higher than CO2. In order to improve the eco-efficiency in the power plants in the long term, the target amount of Co2 as well as NOx reduction needs to be properly proposed in consideration of particularity of power plants. In the long run, renewable energy, alternative fuels should be adapted to reduce the eco-inefficient.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.130-139
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• 2020

The defense industry is a future-oriented industry, in which high-tech technologies are concentrated. In addition, it is a key industry for maintaining national security, and the R&D of the defense industry is very important. With the introduction of a competitive system by defense industry companies, the necessity of improving the efficiency and productivity of defense industry companies is emerging. In this study, the efficiency of the defense industry was measured using the CCR and BCC model. In addition, super efficiency was derived using the Super-SBM model. For this study, the 2019 defense industry management analysis data of the Korea Defense Industry Association (KDIA) was used, and the analysis was performed by setting the number of researchers and investments of domestic defense industry companies as the input variables and sales as the output variables. Through this study, it is expected that the defense industry's R&D efficiency will be grasped, which will help establish a policy for fostering the defense industry in the future.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.37-52
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• 2020

The production of abalone seed has grown and been specialized since the 2000s with the growth of the abalone farming industry. Despite the increase in the production of abalone seeds, the sales volume of abalone seeds remained flat and competition among producers increased. This paper will analyze the management efficiency of abalone seed production fishery to diagnose the management status and improve the abalone seed production efficiency. In addition, this study is the result of the basic research on the abalone seed industry and it is meaningful to prepare a platform for further research since the management status survey and the management efficiency survey of abalone seed production fishery have not been conducted until now. The data on the farmed fish prices of abalone seeds were collected from surveys of sample fish as part of the fish seed observation project conducted by the Fisheries Outlook Center (FOC) of Korea Maritime and Fisheries Development Institute (KMI). Management efficiency analysis utilizes DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) model. The DEA model was analyzed by classifying into CCR (Super-CCR), BCC, and SBM (Super-SBM) models according to the assumptions taking into account the characteristics of the industry. The slack considered in the SBM model was judged as possible decreases in input variables and increase in output variables. The average efficiency from the CCR model was analyzed to be 69%. The BCC model was classified into input and output orientations, and the average efficiency was 79% and 75%, respectively. There were seven production fisheries with an SE value of 1 or more, which remained unchanged in terms of size and could be benchmarked. The average efficiency of the SBM model was 59% for CRS and 66% for VRS. Under the VRS assumptions, the variable increase/decrease efficiency analysis shows that labor costs can be reduced by 37.3%, facility capacity by 18.8%, and operating costs by 8.5%. In order to improve management efficiency, Wando needs to reduce labor and management costs. In Jindo region, sales increase as well as labor cost reduction is urgent. In other regions, reduced facilities and increased sales are recommended.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.5-15
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• 2014

Purpose - The method of TV home shopping is a kind of retail method that provides the viewer with information about products and, further, sells the products to consumers through the media of television. The domestic home-shopping industry has been expanding since 1995, and there are six companies in this arena as of 2012. In this study, we evaluate the management efficiency of TV home-shopping companies and provide suggestions for improving efficiency, using the DEA (data envelopment analysis) model. Hence, we expect to contribute to the progress of the companies' efficiency and the development of the TV home-shopping industry, where deepening competition is inevitable because it is experiencing the maturing market stage in its life cycle. Research design, data, and methodology - Efficiency is the ratio of the quantity of input to the quantity of output of a product or service. It is necessary to estimate aggregate inputs and aggregate outputs, which are calculated by applying a weighting to a number of input and output factors, to measure the efficiency. The DEA model is divided into the CCR model and the BCC model. The CCR model is a basic model that assumed constant returns to scale (CRS), and the BCC model extends the CCR model to accommodate technologies exhibiting variable returns to scale (VRS), and concerns only the technical efficiency without considering the efficiency of returns to scale. In this study, we consider six companies each year from 2008 to 2012 as a DMU (Decision Making Unit) and analyze the differences in efficiency for each company in each year. Furthermore, we evaluate the operating characteristics of TV home-shopping companies, using three models, in accordance with the overall performance, profitability, and marketability of the business. Results - The result of the analysis, using DEA models, shows that Hyundai Home Shopping (2009, 2010, 2011), GS Home Shopping (2011), NS Home Shopping (2011) and CJ O Shopping (2012) possess MPSS (most productive scale size), with a score 1.0 in CCR, BCC, and scale efficiency. Particularly, Hyundai Home Shopping is shown to be the most efficient in terms of overall business performance, marketability, and profitability. The overall efficiency of the home shopping industry has displayed an increasing trend since 2008, even though it decreased marginally in 2012; further, we can observe that home shopping companies operate with increasing efficiency with the passage of time. Conclusions - Home shopping companies have focused on market expansion rather than profits, as they displayed better efficiency in marketability than increase in profitability during the period 2008-2012. In addition, the main reason for the increased efficiency in the home shopping industry is the market expansion through the revenue increase of each home shopping company. This study can be used as a reference when home shopping companies attempt to devise future strategies, as it suggests efficiency benchmarks and development levels for each home shopping company.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.79-94
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the production efficiencies of the Korean aquaculture fishery with respect to species and methods using a Data Envelopment Analysis. The study extracted the 8 fishes in each of the sea cage culture, aquarium basin, and enclosed aquaculture for the analytical purposes. First, the study estimated the technical, pure technical, and scale efficiencies of the total of 24 aquaculture fishes based on the traditional DEA under the assumptions of both CRS and VRS. 2 fishes were identified as the efficient DMUs under the CCR-model, and 6 fishes under the BCC-model. Second, we tested to see if there was any difference in production efficiencies regarding those three different methods of aquaculture. we could not find any evidence of the differences in efficiency using a rank sum test based on the traditional DEA. However, we could do find that the pure technical efficiency in the sea cage culture was lower than others at 1% level of significance and the pure technical efficiency in enclosed aquaculture was also lower than others at 5% level of significance using Bilateral-DEA, which could explicitly consider the heterogeneity in the 3 production methods of aquaculture. Finally, the study obtained the 95% confidence intervals of the efficiency scores for the 24 fishes under our study using the smoothed bootstraping method in the process of the re-sampling in cooperation with both a kernel density estimation and a reflection method. At the same time, we could estimate the bias-corrected efficiency scores while the traditionally estimated efficiency scores suffered from the biases in the process of solving a linear programming with the deterministic nature of a production frontier. And hence, we could distinguish the differences in production efficiencies of the 8 fishes with respect to those 3 methods of aquaculture.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.63-86
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate production efficiency of Oceans and Fisheries Human Resources Development Programs Efficiency using Bootstrap-DEA. The study extracts 33 officials curriculum, 11 fisheries managers curriculum for its analytical. First, the study estimates technical, pure technical, and scale efficiency of each curriculums based on traditional DEA under the assumption of CRS and VRS. 8(official 7, managers 1) curriculums are identified as efficient DMUs under the CCR-model, and 13(official 10, managers 3) under the BCC-model. We provide inputs that allow inefficient curriculum to be efficient DMUs on a production frontier, and a reference set for their bench-marking. Second, rank test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test to find a statistical significance of heterogeneity existing in efficiences between Bootstrap-DEA tenical vs Bootstrap-DEA pure technical was no significant difference. We have identified that G10, 11, 12 13, 25, 31, 33, 39 curriculums are the most efficiently produced in the technical and pure technical efficiency. Also we managed to measure the inefficiency which exists in efficiently produced curriculums when estimating the bias corrected efficiency scores. In Technical efficiency, Operation and facility was significant at the 10%. In Pure technical efficiency, facility was significant at the 10%.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.3-26
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to Investigate the productive efficiency and competitive strength of world container ports using the DEA, Super-efficiency, and FDH methods with the raw data from previous research by Jun et al.(1993). The super-efficiency measure examines the maximal radial change In input, outputs for an observation to remain efficient. Therefore, it provides a means of distinguishing between efficient observations, which would otherwise seem identical. FDH provides a good test mechanism for examining the practical implications of the choice available among alternative efficiency measures and orientations, because of the lack of convexity of its production possibility set. Both methods are complementary to DEA. This paper follows the traditional productivity analysis method overcoming the limitation of previous studies by using the DEA, FDH and Super-efficiency methods, and proposing in measure the relative competitive strength of worldwide container ports. The main empirical results of this paper are as follows: Firstly the ports of Singapore, Hongkong, Kilrung, Busan, Tokyo. and Longbeach were found to be efficient In the CCR model. The ports of Felixstowe, Bangkok, Singapore, Hongkong, Kilung, Busan, Tokyo, and Longbeach were found to be efficient in the BCC model. Secondly, super. efficiency rankings under CRS and input-oriented model are as follows: Longbeach, Keelung, Singapore, Busan, Tokyo, and Honkong. However, it was difficult In differenciate the rankings under the VRS and input-oriented model. due to major difficulties posed by the ports of Singapore, Hongkong, and Longbeach. Thirdly, the FDH method shows that the inefficient ports are Bremerhaven, Antwerp, Le Havre, Kobe, Seattle, New York The policy Implications of this study are as follows: Firstly, when port authorities want to measure the international competitive strength of container ports and enhance their productive efficiency, they should consider the traditional method as well as introducing the Super-efficiency and FDH methods. Secondly, according to the analysis results of the super-efficiency and FDH methods, poll authorities should recommend benchmarks ports and dominated ports as reference ports in order to enhance the productive efficiency of their container ports that have an efficiency rating of less than 1. Efficient ports whose efficiency ratings are over 1 in the Input-oriented Super-efficiency model should also consider the usage of input and output elements used by more efficient ports.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.23-30
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• 2014

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficiency of retail businesses by dividing domestic retailers into discount stores, super supermarkets (SSMs), and department stores. It suggests retail-business investment strategies by using data environment analysis (DEA) to analyze how input elements such as store area, parking lot area, number of employees, and sales management expenses for the convenience of customers positively affect business performance measurements such as sales and visiting customers per day. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - The DEA model calculates a ratio of the weighted mean of various inputs to the weighted mean of various outputs and measures the efficiency of a specific decision making unit (DMU). The study included 19 companies (five discount store DMUs, ten SSM DMUs, and four department store DMUs). Because the business elements and sizes of retail store DMUs used in this analysis are different, average per-store input and output variables were used. Data were collected from "The Yearbook of Retail Industry in Korea (2012)." DEA analysis was used to determine differences in efficiency among discount stores, SSMs, and department stores in terms of the business elements of each retail business. It was also used to determine what business elements were excessively invested in by comparing and analyzing efficiency by business elements using SPSS software's ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). Results - The CCR and BCC efficiency analysis found that the efficiency of discount stores is low. We believe that the saturation state of discount stores is a major factor. The ANOVA analysis confirms the VRS hypothesis with a statistically significant difference among the three groups, based on an analysis confidence interval of 95%. CRS and SE were not found to be significantly different among the three groups. As for the post hoc test, which concretely shows differences by group, the Scheffe's multiple comparison analysis test found the average differences between group 1 (discount stores) and group 2 (SSM) to be statistically significant. Conclusions - The DEA efficiency analysis implies that investment in input elements, including store area, parking lot area, and sales management expenses, were excessive in the case of discount stores, while SSMs need to invest more in promotion activities such as gifts, events, and coupons for customer management. Department stores have found that small companies invest excessively in input elements. Department stores need to invest in differentiated shopping mall complexes. This study was limited in acquiring statistical data; various input variables which might have shown more secure customer management and promotional expenses could not be applied. As the study was limited in various aspects of the efficiency analyses because financial analyses of the companies and of causal relationships, including satisfaction and loyalty of visiting customers, were not done, these aspects will be examined in the next study.