• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2879-2886
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• 2012

In order to thoroughly analyze risk factors of breast cancer (BC) in premenopausal Uruguayan women, a case-control study was carried out at the Pereira Rossell Women's Hospital, Montevideo, where 253 incident BC cases and 497 frequency-matched healthy controls were interviewed on menstrual and reproductive story, were administered a short food frequency questionnaire and undertook a series of body measurements necessary to calculate body composition and somatotype. Odds ratio (OR) coefficients were taken as estimates of relative risk derived from unconditional logistic regression. Among the classical risk factors, only the family history of BC in first degree relatives was significantly associated with risk of premenopausal BC (OR=2.20, 95% CI 1.33-3.62). Interestingly, this risk factor was found to be stronger in women of ages >40 (OR=4.05, 95% CI 2.10-7.81), late menarche (OR= 2.39, 95% CI 1.18-4.85), early age for their first delivery (OR=3.02, 95% CI 1.26-7.22), short time between menarche and first delivery (OR=3.22, 95% CI 1.29-8.07), and with high parity (OR=4.10, 95% CI 1.79-9.36), although heterogeneity was detected only for age and parity. High consumption of red meat was positively associated with the disease risk (OR=2.20, 95% CI 1.35-3.60), in the same way as fried foods (OR=1.79, 95% CI 1.12-2.84). Conversely, a high intake of plant foods displayed a protective effect (OR=0.41, 95% CI 0.26-0.65). Except for hypertension (OR=1.55, 95% CI 1.03-2.35), none of the analyzed components of metabolic syndrome were associated to BC risk. Particular increases of risk for premenopausal BC were found for family history in first degree relatives in certain subsets derived from the menstrual-reproductive history. Preventive strategies could broaden their scope if new studies confirm the present results, in view of the limited prevention measures that premenopausal BC currently has.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2010

This paper describes the compaction and strength behavior of black cotton soil (BC soil) reinforced with coir fibers. Coir used in this study is processed fiber from the husk of coconuts. BC soil reinforced with coir fiber shows only marginal increase in the strength of soil, inhibiting its use for ground improvement. In order to further increase the strength of the soil-coir fiber combination, optimum percentage of 4% of lime is added. The effect of aspect ratio, percentage fiber on the behavior of the composite soil specimen with curing is isolated and studied. It is found that strength properties of optimum combination of BC soil-lime specimens reinforced with coir fibers is appreciably better than untreated BC soil or BC soil alone with coir fiber. Lime treatment in BC soil improves strength but it imparts brittleness in soil specimen. BC soil treated with 4% lime and reinforced with coir fiber shows ductility behavior before and after failure. An optimum fiber content of 1% (by weight) with aspect ratio of 20 for fiber was recommended for strengthening BC soil.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제28권
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• pp.39-46
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• 2010

칠성초에 역병 저항성을 도입한 칠복1호에 베트남 도입 풋마름병 저항성 계통을 교배하여 육성한 $F_2$ 및 $BC_1F_1$에서부터 $F_4$ 및 $BC_1F_3$까지 역병-풋마름병 복합 저항성 선발을 2009년도와 2010년도에 걸쳐 수행하였다. 매 세대 역병을 접종하여 저항성을 평가하여 선발하고 선발개체에 풋마름병을 접종하여 감염되는 개체는 도태하였다. 역병에 대한 저항성은 선발과 함께 현저히 향상되었으며, 선발계통들은 역병 저항성으로 판매되고 있는 교배종 '무한질주'와 비슷한 수준의 저항성을 나타내었다. $BC_1F_2$ 선발개체를 칠복CMS-A라인에 교배를 하여 $F_1$의 임성을 보고 화분친의 CMS-Rf유전자형을 검정하였다. 대부분Nrfrf로 고정되고, 칠복 ${\times}$ KC995, 칠복 ${\times}$ KC1009 조합의 일부 개체가 이형(heterozygote) 상태인 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.571-578
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• 2009

$PM_{2.5}$ black carbon (BC) concentrations were measured to investigate the filter spot loading effect in raw BC data at 5-minute time-based resolution using a single-wavelength aethalometer at a Gwangju site. Also the elemental carbon (EC) concentrations from 24-hr integrated filter-based measurements of $PM_{2.5}$ particles were determined to compare with the loading compensated BC values. Close examination of the time-series BC data showed clearly the "gaps" when the filter tape advances, suggesting the correction of raw BC data. Therefore, we calculated the average BC concentration in each range of attenuation (ATN) to decide if there was (or was not) an effect on the aethalometer data according to the loading of the filter spot. A consistent decrease of average BC concentration was found with increasing ATN values for every month, suggesting there was a consistent "spot loading effect" in the raw BC data. The loading compensated BC concentration according to a simple compensation model with loading effect was 1.01~1.15 times greater than the raw BC data. The 24-hr average concentration of EC observed during summer sampling period was about 3% higher than the original 24-hr average BC value and 2% lower than the loading compensated BC concentration.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.722-728
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• 2002

Eight strains producing bacterial cellulose (BC) were isolated from rotten fruits and traditionally fermented vinegars. One of the isolated strains from the rotten grape in Gwangju, Korea, maintained a relatively stable BC production in shaking cultures. This isolated strain proved to be Acetobacter xylinum, based on several biochemical and morphological tests. It was shown that the slant-baffled flask was more efficient than the conventional flask for the BC production in shaking cultures. To determine the most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources for the production of BC, various compounds were examined. Fructose was found to be the most effective carbon source with an optimal concentration of 2%. Mixed carbon source (glucose:fructose=1:3) was also better than glucose or fructose alone. Optimal nitrogen source, when basal medium was used, was 10% (v/v) com steep liquor (CSL). When com steep liquor was used with a mixed carbon source (glucose:fructose=1 :3),4% CSL exhibited the best BC production. Based on these results, a defined medium was developed for the BC production by Acetobacter xylinum KJ-1. When this medium was used under optimal culture conditions, the BC production was 7.2 g/1, which was approximately 3 times higher than that with the traditional HS medium.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.87-90
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• 2001

배추 유래의 cytosolic glutathione reductase 유전자 (BcGR1)의 지속적 발현과 형질전환 식물체의 oxidative stress에 대한 내성과의 관계를 분석하기 위하여, BcGR1 유전자를 CaMV 35S promoter의 하류에 연결한 다음, 담배에 형질전환하였다. PCR 및 Southern blot 분석을 통하여 BcGR1 유전자가 정상적으로 삽입된 32 계통의 T$_{0}$ 식물체를 선발하였다. Northern blot 분석 결과, 도입된 유전자가 형질 전환 식물체 내에서 항상적으로 발현된다는 것을 확인하였으며, 도입 유전자의 copy number와 발현량 사이에는 정의 상관관계를 보이지 않았다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.158-163
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• 1994

Microorganisms capale of utilizing linear alkylbenzene sulfonates(LAS) as sole carbon source were isolated from industrial effluent by using LAS agar plates. The isolated strains were identified as Salmonella sp(BC-2) and Escherichia sp.(BC-3) from the results of morphological, cultural and biochemical tests. The optimal condition for the growth and biodegradation of LAS was the initial pH 7.0 and LAS concentration 0.1%. The isolated BC-2 and BC-3 strains harbored plasmid and LAS-degrading activity was lost when the plasmids were cured by mitomycin C. The plasmids were transformed into E. coli and transformants have the LAS-degrading activity. Isolated strains were examined for primary biodegradation rate of LAS in the medium by methylene blueactive substance(MBAS) method. Of these isolates, BC-2 and BC-3 strains degradated LAS upto 60% and high resistant to CdCl$_{2}$ and HgCl$_{2}$. Isolated strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol, kanamycin, rifampicin, streptomycin and tetracycline but resistant to ampicillin and lincomycin.] Its minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) for ampicillin was more than 1500 $\mu $g/ml.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: The present study aimed to compare thresholds of direct bone-conduction (BC direct) with those of behaviorally measured BC pure-tone audiometry (PTA) and objectively measured BC auditory brainstem response (ABR) to confirm the clinical feasibility of their relationships. Subjects and Methods: Young adults with normal hearing participated in the study to determine the thresholds from three measurements at four testing frequencies. In the BC direct, the vibrator of a bone-anchored hearing aid softband was placed on the right mastoid of each subject. In both PTA and ABR, a B71 bone oscillator was placed on the subject's right mastoid. While the subject's thresholds of BC direct and BC PTA were determined with a clinically routine 5-dB step procedure, BC ABR was conducted to determine the individual's hearing sensitivity by a peak V of the waveform using tone-burst and click stimuli. Results: The BC direct showed a different pattern between low and high frequencies. Precisely, its thresholds were 13.25 and 12.25 dB HL at 0.5 and 1 kHz, respectively, but 19 and 19.75 dB HL at 2 and 4 kHz, respectively. A significant positive correlation existed between BC direct and PTA at 1 kHz, which was also correlated with ABR. Conclusions: Based on the current data, the thresholds of BC direct were similar to BC PTA at low frequencies and BC ABR at high frequencies. The thresholds of BC direct might be predictable at approximately 5 dB higher (or lower) than that in PTA, although a large data set is required for standardization.

• 대한청각학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: The present study aimed to compare thresholds of direct bone-conduction (BC direct) with those of behaviorally measured BC pure-tone audiometry (PTA) and objectively measured BC auditory brainstem response (ABR) to confirm the clinical feasibility of their relationships. Subjects and Methods: Young adults with normal hearing participated in the study to determine the thresholds from three measurements at four testing frequencies. In the BC direct, the vibrator of a bone-anchored hearing aid softband was placed on the right mastoid of each subject. In both PTA and ABR, a B71 bone oscillator was placed on the subject's right mastoid. While the subject's thresholds of BC direct and BC PTA were determined with a clinically routine 5-dB step procedure, BC ABR was conducted to determine the individual's hearing sensitivity by a peak V of the waveform using tone-burst and click stimuli. Results: The BC direct showed a different pattern between low and high frequencies. Precisely, its thresholds were 13.25 and 12.25 dB HL at 0.5 and 1 kHz, respectively, but 19 and 19.75 dB HL at 2 and 4 kHz, respectively. A significant positive correlation existed between BC direct and PTA at 1 kHz, which was also correlated with ABR. Conclusions: Based on the current data, the thresholds of BC direct were similar to BC PTA at low frequencies and BC ABR at high frequencies. The thresholds of BC direct might be predictable at approximately 5 dB higher (or lower) than that in PTA, although a large data set is required for standardization.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2005

본 논문은 모바일 전자 상거래 환경에서 투자 신탁을 위한 MDIT(Mobile Digital Investment Trust) 에이전트 설계를 제안하고 또한 이 MDIT에서 모바일 전자 상거래 환경이 가지고 있는 기억 장치 용량, CPU 처리 속도 문제, 그리고 보안 강화 문제점을 해결하기 위해, 비밀키 암호 알고리즘인 3BC(Bit, Byte end Block Cypher)와 공개키 알고리즘인 F2mECC 설계를 제안한다. 특히, MDIT는 모바일 전자상거래에 투자 신탁의 개념을 도입한 은행 업무 보안 프로토콜로서 공개키 알고리즘인 ECC를 이용해 공유 비밀키를 생성한 후, 이 값을 공유 비밀키를 대칭키로 사용하는 블록 암호화 기법인 3BC에 사용하여, 보안 기능을 강화시키고, 처리속도를 감소시킨 MDIT 보안 에이전트를 구축하였다.