• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.457-473
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• 2002

이 연구는 배양된 치주인대세포에 TGF(Transforming growth factor)-${\beta}_1$과 PDGF(Plateletderived growth factor)-BB를 농도별로 혼합 주입해서 세포의 증식능, 단백질 및 교원질 합성능을 측정해 봄으로서 TGF-${\beta}_1$ 이 치주인대세포의 중식과 활성에 대한 PDGF-BB의 효과를 상승시킬 수 있은지 알아보고자 본 실험을 실시하였다. 교정치료를 위해 내원한 환자로 부터 건강한 제일소구치를 발거하여 치주인대세포률 분리, 배양하여 TGF-${\beta}_1$과 PDGF-BB를 동시에 주입한 군과 TGF-${\beta}_1$를 4, 24시간 전처리 배양한 군과 나누어 실험하였다. TGF-${\beta}_1$, PDGF-BB를 주입하지 않은군을 대조군으로 하여 DNA 합성능, 총단백질과 교원질 합성능을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 치주인대세포에 TGF-${\beta}_1$과 PDGF-BB을 동시 주입하였을 때 DNA 합성능의 효과는 대조군에 비해 모든 군에서 증가된 양상을 보였으며 1ng/ml PDGF-BB 투여군에 비해 10ng/ml PDGF-BB 투여군에서 증가 양상이 높았고 PDGF-BB 단독 투여군보다 TGF-${\beta}_1$병용 투여군에서 DNA 합성능이 증가된 양상을 나타내었으며 5ng/ml TGF-${\beta}_1$과 10ng/ml PDGF-BB 투여군에서 가장 높은 증가 양상을 보였다. TGF-${\beta}_1$ 4시간과 24시간 전처리 배양군 양군 공히 lng/ml PDGF-BB 투여군을 제외한 모든 군에서 대조군에 비해 증가된 양상을 보였으며 lng/ml PDGF-BB 투여군에 비해 10ng/ml PDGF-BB 투여군에서 증가 양상이 더 높았고 PDGF-BB 단독 투여군보다 TGF-${\beta}_1$ 전 처리군에서 DNA 합성능이 증가된 양상을 나타내 였으며 5ng/ml TGF-${\beta}_1$ 전 처리 후 10ng/ml PDGF-BB 투여군에서 가장 높은 증가 양상을 보였다. 치주인대세포에 TGF-${\beta}_1$과 PDGF-BB을 동시 주입하였을 때 총단백질합성량은 대조군에 비해 모든 군에서 증가된 양상을 보였으며 lng/ml PDGF-BB 투여군에 비해 10ng/ml PDGF-BB 투여군에서 증가 양상이 더 높게 나타났다. PDGF-BB 단독 투여군보다 TGF-${\beta}_1$ 병용 투여군에서 총단백칠 합성양이 증가된 양상을 나타내었다. TGF-${\beta}_1$ 4과 24시간 전처리 배양군의 총단백질 합성양은 대조군에 비해 모든 군에서 증가된 양상을 보였으며 1ng/ml PDGF-BB 투여군에 비해 10ng/ml PDGF-BB 투여군에서 증가 양상이 더 높았고 TGF-${\beta}_1$ 전처리 배양군이 PDGF-BB 단독 투여군보다 총단백질 합성양이 증가된 양상을 나타내었다. TGF-111과 PDGF-BB를 동시 투여하였을 때 대조군에 비해 모든 군에서 교원질 합성능이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 비교원성단백질의 합성능은 1, 10ng/ml PDGF-BB 단독투여군을 제외하고 대조군에 비해 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 총단백질에 대한 교원질 합성의 상대적 비율 PDGF-BB 단독 투여군보다 TGF-${\beta}_1$ 병용 투여군에서 감소하는 정향을 나타내었다. TGF-${\beta}_1$ 4과 24시간 전처리 배양군의 교원질과 비교원성 단백질 합성능은 대조군에 비해 모든 군에서 교원질과 비교원성 단백질 합성능이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며 PDGF-BB 단독 투여군보다 TGF-${\beta}_1$ 병용 투여군에서 총단백질 합성양이 증가된 양상을 나타내었으며 그 정도는 TGF-${\beta}_1$의 농도 의존적인 양상을 보였다. 총단백질에 대한 교원질 합성의 상대적비율은 TGF-${\beta}_1$ 4,24시간전처리 배양군 모두에서 대조군에 비해 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 치주인대세포에서 TGF-${\beta}_1$은 PDGF-BB의 기능을 조절하는 능력을 가지고 있으며 두 성장인자 주입시 동시주입시보다 TGF-${\beta}_1$을 전처리 해 줌으로써 PDGF-BB의 반응을 더욱 촉진시킬 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1132-1137
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• 2012

Objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of partial substitution of barley grain with bread by-product (BB) on performance of Awassi ewes and their lambs. Forty Awassi ewes rearing single lambs were randomly allotted into four experimental diets containing various levels of BB. The experimental diets contained 0 (BB0), 10 (BB10), 15 (BB15), and 20% (BB20) of BB on dietary dry matter (DM). The study lasted for eight weeks, in which the first week was used as an adaptation period and seven weeks of data collection. Ewes and their lambs were penned individually where they were fed their lactating diets ad libitum. Ewes and lambs body weights were measured at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. However, milk production and composition were evaluated biweekly. Feeding BB had no effect (p>0.05) on dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP) intakes. However, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake was the lowest (p<0.05) for the BB20 and BB15 diets followed to BB10 diet (i.e., 640, 677, 772 g/d, respectively) while the highest NDF intake was for the BB0 diet (i.e., 825 g/d). Similarly, NDF intake decreased linearly (p<0.001) as the BB content increased. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) intake was highest (p<0.05) for the BB0 and BB10 diets (425 and 416 g/d, respectively) followed by the BB15 and BB20 diets (359 and 342 g/d, respectively). Moreover, a linear (p<0.001), quadratic (p = 0.04), and cubic (p = 0.04) effects were observed in ADF intake among diets. Nutrient digestibility was similar among different diets. Bread by-product had no effect (p>0.05) on ewes body weight change and on lamb performance (i.e., weaning body weight and average daily gain). Similarly, no differences (p>0.05) were observed either in milk production or composition by the BB substitution. Inclusion of BB reduced feed cost by 9, 14, and 18% for the BB10, BB15, and BB20 diets, respectively. No differences were observed in milk efficiency (DM intake: milk production; p>0.05) among diets. However, cost of milk production ($US/kg milk) was the lowest (p<0.05) in the diet containing BB20. Results of the present study indicate that feeding bread by-product up to 20% of the diet DM had no effect on performance of Awassi ewes and their lambs and reduced feed cost.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2016년도 학술발표회
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• pp.17-17
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• 2016

이중편파 레이더는 수평 수직반사도($Z_H{\cdot}Z_V$), 차등반사도($Z_{DR}$), 교차상관계수(${\rho}_{HV}$), 차등위상차(${\Phi}_{DP}$) 등 다양한 변수 산출을 통하여 대기 수상체 구분, 우적분포에 영향이 적은 강우량 추정, 밝은 띠(BB, Bright Band)의 탐지 등이 가능하게 됨으로써 수문기상 및 재해관리 분야에 활용성이 점점 더 커지고 있다. 본 연구는 RHI, PPI에서 생산된 레이더 변수를 이용하여 BB를 탐지하고 그 특성을 평가하였다. BB는 레이더를 이용하여 상층대기를 관측할 때 수직단면에서 강수입자가 눈에서 비로 변하는 구간에서 과대하게 높은 반사도가 나타나는 층을 말한다. BB에서는 QPE가 과대 추정되기 때문에, BB의 특성 파악은 레이더의 관측전략 수립과 QPE 보정에 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 RHI에 의한 $Z_H$의 연직단면분석, RHI와 PPI의 고도각 경사거리(slant range) 빔의 ${\rho}_{HV}$, $Z_{DR}$, $Z_H$에 의한 분석을 통하여 BB의 상단부($BB_{TOP}$), 최정점($BB_{PEAK}$) 및 하단부($BB_{BOTTOM}$)의 고도를 상호 비교 평가하였다. 분석 자료는 KICT X-밴드 레이더에 의한 관측한 2015년 10월 21일의 층상운에 의한 강우를 이용하였다. RHI에 의한 $Z_H$의 연직단면 분석결과 $BB_{top}$, $BB_{bottom}$ 및 $BB_{peak}$는 KICT 레이더 고도(MSL : 40m)를 기준으로 각각 3.26Km, 2.3Km($BB_{width}$: 0.96km) 및 2.7Km로 나타났다. 이 같은 결과는 다른 2가지 분석방법에서도 유사하게 나타나고 있으며, 이는 BB분석을 위해 다양한 변수를 통한 신뢰성 있는 BB의 특성을 파악할 수 있는 기반을 제공한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.945-951
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• 1998

개심술시 총순환정지는 매우 유용한 방법이나 뇌손상등 부작용으로 그 사용이 제한되고 있다. 이러한 뇌손상의 분석에 유용한 지표로서 뇌 허혈성 손상의 특이한 효소인 크레아티닌 카이네이즈 BB(CK-BB)의 유용성을 재고하고 뇌손상에 영향을 미치는 인자들의 분석을 시도하였다. 총순환정지를 이용하여 개심술을 시행한 18명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 이들은 다시 비청색증형 심기 형군과 청색증형 심기형군으로 나누어 각각 6명과 12명으로 하였다. 각 환자에서 총순환정지전 및 후 15, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, 720분에 동맥혈을 채취하여 CK-BB분획을 측정하였고 이와 동시에 혈색소농도, 이 온화 칼슘농도, 혈당량 등을 측정하였다. 총순환정지시간과 CK-BB와 통계적으로 유의한 관계를 보이는 채혈시간은 찾을 수 없었다. 또 총순환 정지전의 문제로 인한 영향을 줄이기 위하여 각각의 측정치에서 총순환정지전의 측정치를 뺀 값을 구하 여 각기 CKBBD15, CKBBD30....등으로 표시하고 상관관계를 구하였으나 역시 유의한 상관관계를 보이 지 않았다. CKBB30과 CKBBD30값은 비청색증형 군과 청색증형 군 사이에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았 다. CK-BB농도와 혈색소 농도는 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 단일 채혈에 의한 CK-BB농도의 지표는 순환정지시간과 유의한 관계가 없음이 확인되었다. 또한 청색 증형 심질환군이 총순환정지에 의한 뇌손상에 비청색증형 심질환군에 비해 더 취약하지는 않은 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권7호
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• pp.801-808
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• 2017

본 연구는 장내세균 Bifidobacterium bifidum 배양액과 추출액을 사용하여 자외선B를 조사한 인간 진피섬유아세포에서 세포생존율과 세포 노화 및 세포주기의 변화를 살펴봄으로써 자외선B에 의한 세포 보호 효능을 평가하였다. 우선 자외선B를 조사한 결과 광량에 비례하여 HDFs의 생존율이 감소하였으며 $100mJ/cm^2$ 조사 시 67.3%로 떨어졌으나 B. bifidum 배양액과 추출액 처리 후 세포생존율을 증가시켜 자외선B에 대한 보호 효능이 있었다. 그리고 $SA-{\beta}-gal$ activity 변화를 측정한 결과에서 세포 노화율을 감소시켰음을 확인하였다. 또한, propidium iodide staining을 통하여 세포주기상 Sub-G1기 세포 수가 감소하였으므로 apoptosis를 억제하였고 이는 세포주기를 정상화하는 데 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. B. bifidum 배양액과 추출액 처리한 결과 세포 내 활성산소종이 감소함에 따라 p53과 p21의 발현을 감소시켰으며, 따라서 이에 본 연구에서 B. bifidum 배양액과 추출액은 UV-B로 인한 손상을 보호하는 효과가 있음을 규명하였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.433-449
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• 1992

Total CPK activities and CPK isoenzymes fractions of the sera and tissues were examined to obtain the physiological basic data of ruminant available in veterinary clinical practice. For the sera total CPK activities and CPK isoenzymes fractions, total 39 clinically healthy Korean native goats (3 to 10 months old, IS of female and 18 of male) and 6 of Korean native goats (1 to 2 years old, 3 of female and 3 of male) were used. Seventeen Korean native cattle (3 to 6 years old, 10 of female and 7 of male) and 27 Holstein-Friesian cattle (2 to 8 months old, 7 of female and 3 to 12 years old, 20 of female) were also examined for the sera total CPK activities and CPK isoenzymes fractions. For the total CPK activities and CPK isoenzyme fractions, 3 of female Korean native goats (7 months old), 3 of female Korean native cattle (2 years old) and 3 of dairy cattle (2 years old, 2 of female and 1 of male) were used. The tissues examined were the cerebrum (2 of Korean native cattle), spinal cord (1 of Korean native cattle), heart, lung, diaphragm, reticulum, liver, spleen, kidney, jejunum. colon and femoral muscle. The results obtained were as follows : 1. In Korean native goats less than 1-year-old. serum total CPK activities were 67.8${\pm}$17.7(39.0~96.5) IU/$\ell$ in female and 63.4${\pm}$19.0(28.7~94.4) IU/$\ell$ in male. Further they were 67.0${\pm}$5.3(59.5~70.7) IU/$\ell$ and 54.5${\pm}$11.1(39.1~69.4) IU/$\ell$ in female and male Korean native goats over 1-year-old, respectively. Serum total CPK activities of female were slightly higher than those of male. Significance between age and sex was not found. 2. Serum total CPK activities were 56.8${\pm}$19.7(27.6~90.5) IU/$\ell$ and 65.6${\pm}$10.8(52.8~78.0) IU/$\ell$ in female and male Korean native adult cattle, respectively, Serum total CPK activities of male were slightly higher than those of female, but they were not significant 3. Serum total CPK activities we,e 72.5${\pm}$8.2(57.2~83.2) IU/$\ell$ and 60.8${\pm}$12.5(42.7~80.6) IU/$\ell$ in calves and adult of dairy acttle, respectively. Serum total CPK activities of calves were significantly higher than those of adult(p<0.05). 4. In Korean native goats less than 1-year-old, serum CPK isoenzymes fractions were high with decreasing order of MM>MB>BB and MM>BB>MB in female and male, respectively. Further they were high with decreasing order of MM>MB>BB and MM>B8>MB in female and male Korean native goats over 1-year-old, respectively. The main fractions of CPK isoenzymes were MM in sera of Korean native goats. 5. Serum CPK Isoenzyme fractions were high with decreasing order of MM>MB>BB In both female and male of Korean native cattle. The main fraction among them was MM. 6. Serum CPK isoenzymes fractions were high with decreasing order of MM>BB>MB in both calves and adult of dairy cattle. The main fraction among them was MM. 7. Total CPK activities were high with decreasing order of the femoral muscle>kidney>reticulum>diaphragm>liver>spleen>heart>colon>lung>jejunum in Korean native goats. 8. Total CPK activities were high with decreasing order of the spinal cord >cerebrum>femoral muscle>reticulum>kidney>liver>spleen>diaphragm>lung>colon>heart>jejunum in Korean native cattle. 9. Total CPK activities were high with decreasing order. of the femoral muscle >liver>retoculum>kidney>heart>colon>lung>spleen>jejunum>diaphrasm in dairy cattle. 10. The pattern of the cardiac CPK isoenzymes fractions was identical in Korean native goats, Korean native cattle and dairy cattle. They were high in the order of MM>MB without BB fractions and the main fraction was MM. 11. The pattern of the pulmonary CPK isoenzymes fractions was the same Korean native goats, Korean native cattle and dairy cattle. They were high with decreasing order of MM>MB>BB and the main fraction among them was MM. 12. The pattern of CPK isoenzymes fractions of the diaphragm was Identical in Korean native goats and Korean native cattle. They were high with decreasing order of MM >BB >MB except dairy cattle (MM>MB>BB) but the main fraction among them was MM. 13. The pattern of the reticular CPK isoenzymes fractions was identical in Korean native cattle and dairy cattle. They were high with decreasing order of BB >MM >MB except Korean native goats(BB>MB>MM) but the main, fraction among them was BB 14. The pattern of the hepatic CPK isoenzymrs fractions was identical in Korean native cattle and dairy cattle. They were high with decreasing order of MB >BB >MM except Korean native goats(MB>MM>BB)but the main fraction was MB. 15. The splenic CPK isoenzymes fractions showed different pattern. They were high with decreasing order of MB>BB>MM, MM>BB>MB and BB>MB>MM in Korean native goats, Korean native cattle and dairy cattle, respectively. The main fraction among them was different from each other. 16. The pattern of the renal CPK isoenzymes fractions was identical in Korean native cattle and dairy cattle. They were high with decreasing order of MM >MB>BB except Korean native goats(BB>MB>MM). 17. The CPK isoenzymes fractions of the Jejunums showed different pattern. They were high with decreasing order MM>MB>BB, MM>BB>MB and BB>MM>MB in Korean native goats, Korean native cattle and dairy cattle, respectively. The main fractions were MM In Korean native goats and Korean native cattle, and BB in dairy cattle. 18. The colonic CPK isoenzymes fractions showed different pattern. They were high with decreasing order of MM>MB>BB, MM>BB>MB and BB>rrfB>MM in Korean native goats, Korean native cattle and dairy cattle, respectively. The main fractions were MM in Korean native goats and Korean . native cattle, and BB in dairy cattle. 19. The cerebral CPK isoenzymes fractions were high with decreasing order of BB >MM without MB detected in Korean native cattle and those of spinal cord were high with decreasing order of BB >MM >MB. The main fractions in both cerebrum and spinal cord were BB.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analyze inhibitory effects of anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibody on melanoma metastasis The 4-1BB (CD137) T cell molecule is a member of the TNF receptor family and its activation by either 4-1BB ligand or antibody induces T cell activation and growth. In the present study, administration of anti-4-1BB mAb induced inhibition of melanoma metastasis. Agonistic anti-4-1BB mAb induced not only CD$8^+$4-1BBT cells but also CD$8^+$IFN-${\gamma}$$^{+}$ T cell population. In the presence of anti-CD3 antibody, lymphocytes produced high levels of IFN-${\gamma}$ and low levels of IL-4 in anti-4-1BB mAb treated group. Exposure of melanoma cells to IFN-${\gamma}$ induced expression of MHC-I molecules. Thus, the increase in number of CD$8^+$T cells and enhanced MHC-I expression on B16F10 cells by augmented IFN-${\gamma}$ production in response to anti-4-1BB mAb may result in suppression of tumor growth and metastasis.s.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.256-262
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• 2024

Blueberry (BB), fruit of Vacciniumi, has been hailed as an antioxidant superfood. BB is a rich source of vitamins, minerals, flavonoids, phenolic acids and known to have a variety of pharmacological actions. The purpose of this work is to clarify the anti-inflammatory mechanism of BB in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 macrophage. We explored the effects of BB on the production of inflammatory cytokines, prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophage. Moreover, to investigate the molecular mechanisms by BB, we evaluated whether BB modulate nuclear factor-kappa B (NF)-kB pathway and caspase- 1 activation. The findings of this work demonstrated that BB alleviated the LPS-enhanced inflammatory cytokines and PGE₂, as well as COX-2 levels. Additionally, we demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of BB occurs due to the attenuation of IκB-α degradation, NF-kB translocation and caspase-1 activation. Conclusively, these findings provide evidence that BB may be useful agents in the treatment of inflammation.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.521-525
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Artemisinin (AT), an active compound in Arternisia annua, is well known as an anti-malaria drug. It is also known to have several effects including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-cancer activities. To date, the effect of AT on vascular disorders has not been studied. In this study, we investigated the effects of AT on the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB). MATERIALS/METHODS: Aortic smooth muscle cells were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats. PDGF-BB stimulated VSMC migration was measured by the scratch wound healing assay and the Boyden chamber assay. Cell viability was determined by using an EZ-Cytox Cell Viability Assay Kit. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PDGF-BB stimulated VSMC was measured through $H_2DCF$-DA staining. We also determined the expression levels of signal proteins relevant to ROS, including measures of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 measured by western blot analysis and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: AT ($10{\mu}M$ and $30{\mu}M$) significantly reduced the proliferation and migration of PDGF-BB stimulated VSMC in a dose-dependent manner. The production of ROS, normally induced by PDGF-BB, is reduced by treatment with AT at both concentrations. PDGF-BB stimulated VSMC treated with AT ($10{\mu}M$ and $30{\mu}M$) have reduced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and inhibited MMP9 expression compared to untreated PDGF-BB stimulated VSMC. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest, based on these results, that AT may exert an anti-atherosclerotic effect on PDGF-BB stimulated VSMCs by inhibiting their proliferation and migration through down-regulation of ERK1/2 and MMP9 phosphorylation.

• BMB Reports
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.122-129
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• 2014

Although considerable progress has been made in understanding how tumors evade immune surveillance, measures to counter the same have not kept pace with the advances made in designing effective strategies. 4-1BB (CD137; TNFRS9), an activation-induced costimulatory molecule, is an important regulator of immune responses. Targeting 4-1BB or its natural ligand 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL) has important implications in many clinical conditions, including cancer. In-depth analysis revealed that 4-1BB-mediated anti-cancer effects are based on its ability to induce activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), and among others, high amounts of IFN-${\gamma}$. In this review, we will discuss the various aspects of 4-1BB-mediated anti-tumor responses, the basis of such responses, and future directions.