• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.262-268
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• 1983

Properties of noodle prepared with FPC and wheat flour were investigated, and the results were summarized as follows: 1. Farinogram showed that the water absorption ratio and dough development time increased as the mixing level of FPC to wheat flour increased. 2. Amylogram showed that the maximum viscosity of the composite flour decreased as the content of FPC increased. 3. In the textural parameters, such as hardness, cohesiveness and gumminess of noodles, there were no marked differences between wheat flour and cooked noodles from the composite flour of 3% or 5% FPC-97% or 95% wheat flour. 4. Regarding weight and volume of the cooked noodles, those of cooked noodles from the composite flour of 3% or 5% FPC-97% or 95% wheat flour were similar to wheat flour alone. As the content of FPC in noodle increased, however, those of cooked noodles slightly decreased, and soup turbidity increased. 5. Results of sensory evaluations showed that the noodle from the composite flour of 3% FPC-97 wheat flour appeared to be the most acceptable, and the noodles from the composite flour of 5% or 7% FPC-95% or 93% wheat flour were judged as acceptable as the wheat flour alone.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.53-58
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• 2015

Engineers should take great care of characterizing the engineering properties of mudrock, because the uncemented mudrock can be considered as a hard rock in appearance. Therefore, the mudrock samples obtained from the cut slope in Gyeongki-do were tested to evaluate the strength characteristics of uncemented mudrock in this study. The performed tests are index properties, slake durability, and swelling tests for the classification of the mudrock for engineering practice. To evaluate the effect of water on the engineering properties of the uncemented mudrock, resonant column, triaxial compression and direct shear tests with various water contents were performed. With the increasing water contents, stiffness at very small to small strain region and the cohesion value of the strength parameters decrease. Based on the test results, engineers should take great care of evaluating the engineering properties of uncemented mudrock.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.45-52
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• 2008

The present study has extended OpenSees, which is an open-source software framework DOS program for developing applications to idealize geotechnical and structural problems, for the static analysis of axial load capacity and settlement of single piles in MS Windows environment. The Windows version of OpenSees as improved by this study has enhanced the DOS version from a general purpose software program to a special purpose program for driven and bored pile analysis with additional features of pre-processing and post-processing and a user friendly graphical interface. The method used in the load capacity analysis is the numerical methods based on load transfer functions combined with finite elements. The use of empirical nonlinear T-z and Q-z load transfer curves to model soil-pile interaction in skin friction and end bearing, respectively, has been shown to capture the nonlinear soil-pile response under settlement due to load. Validation studies have shown the static load capacity and settlement predictions implemented in this study are in fair agreement with reference data from the static loading tests.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.73 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2012

Background: This study attempted to investigate the main causes of hemoptysis, the type of examinations used for diagnosis, the treatment modalities and outcomes. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on the medical records of 221 patients admitted to the Chonnam National University Hospital, between January 2005 and February 2010, with hemoptysis. Results: Bronchiectasis (32.6%), active pulmonary tuberculosis (18.5%), fungus ball (10.8%), and lung cancer (5.9%) accounted for most causes of hemoptysis. Computed tomography scan was the most sensitive diagnostic test when employed alone, with positive yield of 93.2%. There were 161 cases of conservative treatment (72.9%), 42 cases of bronchial artery embolization (BAE) (19.0%), and 18 cases of surgery (8.1%). Regarding the amount of hemoptysis, 70 cases, out of 221 cases, were mild (31.5%), 36 cases moderate (16.2%), and 115 cases massive hemoptysis (52.0%). Most of the patients were treated conservatively, but if there was more bleeding present, BAE or surgery was more commonly performed than the conservative treatment ($p{\leq}0.0001$). In the multivariate model, severe hemoptysis and lung cancer were independently associated with short-term recurrence. BAE was independently associated with long-term recurrence, and lung cancer was associated with in-hospital mortality. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 11.3%. Conclusion: Hemoptysis is a common symptom with a good prognosis in most cases. However, patients exhibiting massive bleeding or those with malignancy had a poorer prognosis. In-hospital mortality was strongly related to the cause, especially in lung cancer.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.1037-1047
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• 2017

Objective: Despite an increasing number of investigations into the pathophysiology of necrotic enteritis (NE) disease, etiology of NE-associated diseases, and gene expression profiling of NE-affected tissues, the microRNA (miRNA) profiles of NE-affected poultry have been poorly studied. The aim of this study was to induce NE disease in the genetically disparate Fayoumi chicken lines, and to perform non-coding RNA sequencing in the intestinal mucosal layer. Methods: NE disease was induced in the Fayoumi chicken lines (M5.1 and M15.2), and non-coding RNA sequencing was performed in the intestinal mucosal layer of both NE-affected and uninfected chickens to examine the differential expression of miRNAs. Next, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time qPCR) was performed to further examine four miRNAs that showed the highest fold differences. Finally, bioinformatics analyses were performed to examine the four miRNAs target genes involvement in the signaling pathways, and to examine their interaction. Results: According to non-coding RNA sequencing, total 50 upregulated miRNAs and 26 downregulated miRNAs were detected in the NE-induced M5.1 chickens. While 32 upregulated miRNAs and 11 downregulated miRNAs were detected in the NE-induced M15.2 chickens. Results of real-time qPCR analysis on the four miRNAs (gga-miR-9-5p, gga-miR-20b-5p, ggamiR-196-5p, and gga-let-7d) were mostly correlated with the results of RNAseq. Overall, ggamiR-20b-5p was significantly downregulated in the NE-induced M5.1 chickens and this was associated with the upregulation of its top-ranking target gene, mitogen-activated protein kinase, kinase 2. Further bioinformatics analyses revealed that 45 of the gene targets of gga-miR-20b-5p were involved in signal transduction and immune system-related pathways, and 35 of these targets were predicted to interact with each other. Conclusion: Our study is a novel report of miRNA expression in Fayoumi chickens, and could be very useful in understanding the role of differentially expressed miRNAs in a NE disease model.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.197-201
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• 2014

As the importance of rare metal is increasing globally, Japan introduced the concept of Strategic Elements in 2004, and started Strategic Elements Project in 2007. The Goal of this project run by MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) is to develop high-function materials and components that do not use rare or harmful elements by studying the role and characteristics of the elements that compose materials and components and decide their functions and characteristics. In September 2010, Japanese coast guard arrested a Chinese fishing boat near Senkaku Islands (Diaoyudao Islands by China), which escalated to the territory issue and eventually a big diplomatic and economic conflict. In order to put pressure on Japanese Government, China used an economic option, which is the ban of rare earth export to Japan. This incident doubled Japan's motivation to develop Strategic Elements and put more efforts into this Project. MEXT set the following three research areas in February 2012: Study of alternative materials using sufficient and harmless elements, Study of applications for the high-functions of Strategic Elements, Study of practical design for components using Strategic Elements. Through a course of gathering the opinion of professionals, MEXT settled down with the following 4 research and study areas for the Strategic Elements Project in June 2012. 1. Magnetic materials to replace Dy, Nd. 2. Catalyst/Battery materials to replace Pt, Rh/Li, Co. 3. Electronic materials to replace In, Ta. 4. Structural materials to replace Nb, Mo. This paper deals with the first area and reviews the results of the research and study as of now.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.255-266
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• 2017

This study is designed to know the influence of emotional labor and social support on burnout of clinical nurses. 199 nurses working in five general hospitals with more than 500 beds in Seoul were sampled. Mean scores for each category were 3.69 for burnout, 3.08 for emotional labor, and 3.44 for social support. There was statistically significant difference between burnout and demographic characteristics, in age, education level, position, and clinical career; there was statistically significant difference between emotional labor and demographic characteristics, in age, working unit and clinical career. Emotional labor was positively correlated with burnout and social support was negatively correlated with burnout. As a result, factor influencing burnout was emotional labor, age, and social support. This predictor accounted for 31.5% of variance in burnout. Therefore, it is necessary to establish strategies to reduce nurses' emotional labor and improve the awareness of social support.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2011

목적 : 프리모 모드와 미성숙 간조직에 대한 조직학적 특성을 비교하고자 하였다. 방법 : 흰쥐에서 간절제한 후, 간장기 표면에서 관찰되는 프리모 모드와 그와 유사한 미성숙 간조직을 H&E, Oil red O, Masson trichrome and van Gieson 염색방법을 통해서 비교 연구하였다. 결과 : 상기 실험 연구를 진행한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 조직의 일반적인 특징을 관찰할 수 있는 H&E 염색결과, 프리모 노드에서는 많은 수의 조그마한 동(sinus)이 관찰되었고 적혈구나 영양을 공급하는 혈관의 분포는 관찰되지 않았다. 이와 반대로 미성숙 간조직에서는 동이 관찰되지 않았으며 혈관의 분포와 적혈구가 관찰되었다. 2. 양 조직의 지방성분의 유무를 관찰하기 위한 Oil red O 염색결과, 프리모 노드에서는 지방성분이 관찰되지 않았으나 미성숙 간조직에서는 관찰되었다. 3. 양 조직의 콜라겐성분의 유무를 관찰하기 위한 Masson trichrome and van Gieson 염색결과, 프리모 노드에서는 약간의 콜라겐 성분이 관찰되었으나 elastic 성분은 관찰되지 않았으며, 미성숙 간조직에서는 콜라겐 성분과 elastic 성분이 관찰되지 않았다. 결론 : 상기 결과는 프리모 노드와 간조직과는 조직학적 성질이 다른 것으로 사료되며, 특히 콜라겐 성분의 적은 결과는 프리모 노드가 불규칙한 형태를 이루고 있는 이유에 대한 실마리를 제공하였다. 이러한 결과는 프리모 노드의 특성에 대한 기본 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.114-118
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• 2009

With the advance of industrialization and urbanization, a lot of waste has been discharged and treated by incineration. But fly and bottom ashes are generated in this process. In addition, the treatment method to recycle sewage sludge and melting slag is required to manage these wastes. The objective of this research was to prepare of multi-functional brick which were made from MSWI (Municipal solid wastes incinerator) fly ash, sewage sludge and slag. The bricks were made by mixing raw materials and then drying for 24 hours. Next, they were dried for 24 hours at $160^{\circ}C$ and fired for 2 hours. Calcination temperature was changed to discuss the effect of temperature from $1,080^{\circ}C$ to $1,130^{\circ}C$. Compressive strength of a brick was creased with the increase of temperature. To increase mixing ratio of fly ash and slag reduce the compressive strength the optimal condition was the mixing ratio of fly ash : melting slag : sewage sludge : clay as 10 : 20 : 5 : 65 and $1,150^{\circ}C$ of calcination temperature. Compressive strength was obtained as about 41 MPa at this condition.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.77-77
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• 2018

미역의 뿌리부분인 미역귀에는 알긴산과 후코이단 성분이 풍부하고 고혈압과 당뇨등과 같은 성인병을 예방하는데 도움이 된다. 후코이단은 미역과 다시마 같은 갈조류에서 추출된 천연물질로 특히 면역력을 활성화하고 항암작용으로 잘 알려져 있다. 알긴산 등 유용성분이 함유된 것으로 알려진 미역귀의 유용성분을 분석하여, 향후 미역귀를 활용한 제품개발의 기초자료를 제공하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 미역귀는 2015년 12월 완도 금일수산에서 제공받아 연구재료로 활용하였다. AOAC방법에 따라 분석한 미역귀의 일반성분은 수분이 대부분을 차지하였으며, 조섬유와 가용성 무질소물 함량이 높게 나타났다. 이는 시료로 사용한 미역귀가 수확 후 바로 냉동보관 되어서 수분함량이 높은 것으로 보여진다. 유리당은 미역귀 1g에 증류수를 가하여 $60^{\circ}C$에서 4시간 추출 한 후, 원심분리(3,000 rpm, 30 min)하여 $0.45{\mu}m$ membrane filter (Millipore Co., USA)로 여과한 여액을 HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography)를 이용하여 분석한 결과, 미역귀의 유리당은 Galactose 1종만이 검출되었다. 미역귀의 구성아미노산과 유리아미노산은 $0.45{\mu}m$ membrane filter로 여과하여 얻은 여액을 일정량 취하여 AccQ-Tag 시약을 사용하여 유도체화 시킨 후 HPLC로 분석하였다. 미역귀의 구성아미노산은 glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, lysine, threonine, valine, arginine 순으로 높은 함량을 나타내었으며, 유리아미노산은 glutamic acid, alanine, threonine, arginine, lysine 순으로 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 미역귀의 유리아미노산함량은 표고에 비하여 현저히 낮은 함량이 나타났으며, 주요아미노산은 해조류의 풍미를 대표하는 아미노산인 glutamic acid와 alanine으로 나타났다.