• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1333-1337
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• 2014

Background: Astrocytic tumors, the most common primary glial tumors of the central nervous system, are classified from low to high grade according to the degree of anaplasia and presence of necrosis. Despite advances in therapeutic management of high grade astrocytic tumors, prognosis remains poor. In the present study, the frequency and prognostic significance of c-erb-B2 in astrocytic tumors was investigated. Materials and Methods: Records of 72 patients with low- and high-grade astrocytic tumors were evaluated. The expression of C-erbB-2 was determined immunohistochemically and intensity was recorded as 0 to 3+. Tumors with weak staining (1+) or no staining (0) were considered Her-2 negative, while tumors with moderate (2+) and strong (3+) staining were considered Her-2 positive. Results: Of the 72 patients, 41 (56.9%) had glioblastoma (GBM), 10 (13.9%) had diffuse astrocytoma, 15 (20.8%) had anaplastic astrocytoma, 6 (8.3%) had pilocytic astrocytoma. C-erbB-2 overexpression was detected in the tumor specimens of 17 patients (23.6%). Six (8.3%) tumors, all GBMs, exhibited strong staining, 2 (2.7%) specimens, both GBMs, exhibited moderate staining, and 9 specimens, 5 of them GBMs (12.5%), exhibited weak staining. No staining was observed in diffuse astrocytoma and pilocytic astrocytoma specimens. Median overall survival of patients with C-erbB-2 negative and C-erbB-2 positive tumors were 30 months (95%CI: 22.5-37.4 months) and 16.9 months (95%CI: 4.3-29.5 months), respectively (p=0.244). Conclusions: Although there was no difference in survival, C-erbB-2 overexpression was observed only in the GBM subtype.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.213-218
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• 1998

A bacterium with potent activity of pigment production and protease was isolated and identified as being Bacillus sp. CS-17. Cell growth, protease activity and pigment production of the strain reached to its maximum point after 24 hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs, respectively. The best pigment producing ability of Bacillus sp. CS-17 was shown on basal medium for pigment production added 1.0% soybean. The high effcient conditions for pigment production was obtained at culture of pH 8.5, $37^{\circ}C$ and 72 hours. Among the tested 5 gram positive strains and 6 gram negative strains, weak antibacterial activity of pigment concentrated extracts was appeared against growth of B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, S. typhimurium, E. aerogenes, B. cereus, A. hydrophila.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.81-87
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• 2018

This research was done to investigate the bioreduction characteristics of perchlorate in raw sewage because sewage contains biodegradable organics and various microorganisms for biological perchlorate reduction. Two different types of sewage were tested for biological perchlorate reduction in the flasks. Sewage A was collected from the screening equipment and sewage B was collected from the primary settlement in the municipal wastewater treatment facilities. Perchlorate was completely reduced within 72hours from 8.2 and 10.4 mg/L in the sewage A and sewage B flask tests. When perchlorate and nitrate were added in sewage A, both perchlorate and nitrate were reduced. However, perchlorate and nitrate removal rates were 9.3% and 64.0% at 72hours in sewage B. Perchlorate reduction was significantly inhibited by high salinity(0.5% NaCl) in the sewage A and B. These results showed the sewage has potential for the biological perchlorate reduction in the sewage pipe.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.300-308
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to explore the level of anger and social support and to identify factors affecting anger in elderly women. This was a cross-sectional descriptive survey. A convenience sample of 155 elderly women was recruited from two senior welfare centers and three nursing homes in J city. Data were collected from June 15 to July 15, 2010 through interviews using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression using the SPSS WIN 18.0 program. The level of social support and anger was 3.73 and 2.72 out of 5, respectively. Anger was statistically significantly different according to type of residence (B=0.21, t=2.42, ${\rho}$=.017), psychiatric medication (B=0.66, t=4.93, ${\rho}$ <.001), physical medication (B=0.41, t=4.22, ${\rho}$ <.001), and evaluation support (B=-0.15, t=-3.00, ${\rho}$=.004), and these accounted 33.0% of anger. Providing proper information and developing social support program would be useful for managing anger of elderly women.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.74-78
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• 2011

In this paper, the bandpass filter for ITS system of 5.8 GHz is proposed by using the dual-mode resonator with the radial stub. As alternating the open stub with the radial stub, the size of the dual mode resonator can be reduced about 39.6% and the out-of-band characteristics of the bandpass filter using dual mode resonator can be enhanced from 19.4 dB to 29.1 dB by using the stub of $6.9{\Omega}$ i.e. realized by parallel two radial stubs with $60^{\circ}$ angle. The fabricated bnadpass filter using the dual mode resonator has the center frequency of 5.72 GHz with the fractional bandwidth of 4.1%. Also, the filter has the insertion loss and return loss of 1.79 dB and 19.4 dB, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2003

R, G, Y, B color lenses Manufactured increasing tinted time by 5 min term. CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ coordination's analysis used spectrophotometer and CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ color system. CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ coordination transfer form about tinted time being $$b^*(Y-B)={\beta}a^*+{\alpha}$$ change to do linear almost. In red case, move in $G{\rightarrow}R$, $B{\rightarrow}Y$ form tinted time increases, and Parameter ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$ value got each -3.49 and 0.90. In green case, CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ coordination transfer form is $R{\rightarrow}G$, $B{\rightarrow}Y$ form. Got the pure green color color in 10 min's tinted time. Parameter ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$ value got each -0.72 and -0.55. Get into pure yellow and blue color case tinted time increases. Parameter ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$ value are 14.11 and 1.58 in yellow, and Parameter ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$ value are -11.62 and 1.30 in blue color.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.384-389
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• 2011

This article presents an ultra broadband resistive power divider circuit for smart grid applications. Since the future smart grid system is expected to deploy high speed power line communication, the frequency response of the resitive power divider circuit is naturally of significance. Employing a thin film technology, the resistive power divider was designed, measured, and fabricated. For the circuit design, the conductor-backed coplanar waveguide line was firstly designed and measured. The 3 dB cutoff frequency was 72 GHz and S11 remains <-20 dB upto 70 GHz. The fabricated resistive power divider shows the 3 dB cutoff frequency of 50 GHz. It was experimentally verified that the resistive power divider circuit shows the insertion loss of 6 dB for high-speed input signal (40 Gb/s).

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.941-944
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• 2016

This paper proposes 24 GHz power amplifier for automotive collision avoidance and surveillance short range radar using Samsung 65-nm CMOS process. The proposed circuit has a 2-stage differential power amplifier which includes common source structure and transformer for single to differential conversion, impedance matching, and power combining. The measurement results show 15.5 dB maximum voltage gain and 3.6 GHz 3 dB bandwidth. The measured maximum output power is 13.1 dBm, input $P1_{dB}$ is -4.72 dBm, output $P1_{dB}$ is 9.78 dBm, and maximum power efficiency is 17.7 %. The power amplifier consumes 74 mW DC power from 1.2 V supply voltage.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1001-1007
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• 2001

In this study, high dielectric materials, (Pb,La)Ti $O_3$ thin films were fabricated by PLD (Pulsed Laser Deposition) method and investigated in terms of structural and electrical characteristics in order to develope the dielectric materials for the use of new capacitor layers of Giga bit-level DRAM. The deposition conditions were examined in order to fabricate uniform thin films through systematic changes of oxygen pressures and substrate temperature. The uniform thickness and smooth morphology of (P $b_{0.72}$L $a_{0.28}$)Ti $O_3$ thin films were obtained at the conditions of substrate-target distance 5.5[cm], laser energy density 2.1[J/$\textrm{cm}^2$], oxygen pressure 200[mTorr] and substrate temperature 500[$^{\circ}C$]. After the (P $b_{0.72}$L $a_{0.28}$)Ti $O_3$ thin films were fabricated under the above conditions, they were post-annealed by RTA process in order to increase the dielectric constant. The film thickness of 1200 [$\AA$] had dielectric constant 821. Assuming that operating voltage is 2V, leakage current density of (P $b_{0.72}$L $a_{0.28}$)Ti $O_3$ thin films would result into 10$^{-7}$ [A/$\textrm{cm}^2$] and satisfied the specification of 256M DRAM planar capacitor, 4$\times$10$^{-7}$ [A/$\textrm{cm}^2$]m}^2$]

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.25-28
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• 2021

Purpose CA 72-4 is a tumor marker that uses two monoclonal antibodies, CC49 and B72.3, to measure tumor-related glycoprotein(TAG72) in the serum. CA 72-4 is used to diagnose stomach, ovarian, and pancreatic cancers, and is known to perform high specificity for stomach cancer. The purpose of this study is to re-evaluate the reference value provided by the manufacturer through revalidation of the reference value in CA 72-4. Furthermore this study was conducted to provide useful help when making a clinical diagnosis at gastric cancer center. Materials and Methods We selected 271 patients who had been to health care center in national cancer center for the month of November 2020. The gender of the subjects was 140 males and 131 females, and the age group was from 30s to 60s. The reagent used in the study was a CA 72-4 IRMA KIT (ISOTOPES, Hungary) and the results were measured using a Dream Gamma-10 gamma counter (Shinjin medics, Korea). Results Statistical analysis of the results of this study used Hoffmann's method and Bayesian's method, which are primarily used in setting reference value. As a result of measuring CA 72-4 of 271 patients, the mean value was 4.54 U/mL and the median value was 3.30 U/mL. 24 people who deviated from 3SD were excluded from the measured value, the mean calculated after that was 3.53 U/mL, median was 3.00 U/mL and SD was 1.89. The reference value calculated based on this results was set to 7.31 U/mL. Conclusion The reference value provided by the manufacturer is less than 4 U/mL. It is slightly different from the value calculated in this study, 7.31 U/mL, so it seems necessary to reset the reference value according to the laboratory environment. Currently, we are receiving inquiries about the reference value from the center for gastric cancer at National Cancer Center. If additional research is carried out along with this study, it will be possible to set more accurate reference value.