• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.187-207
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• 2005

In the Internet-based B2C e-commerce, trust has been recognized as a critical factor to reduce uncertainties, through interacting with a well-known specific shopping mall. In this study, we view customer trust as not a unitary concept but multidimensional one consisted of the trustworthiness of trustee, familiarity with the specific shopping-mall, disposition to trust, and institution-based trust. In this study, first, we considered the trustworthiness of trustee consisted of capability, benevolence, and integrity as one of the major factors to build customer trust on the specific Internet shopping-mall. In the context of the Internet e-commerce, the role of institutional structures is very important to assure the customer trust from the various opportunistic behaviors because of the characteristics of internet-based commerce such as impersonality, the lack of information on the other party, and the transactions with a number of anonymous people. Second, we examined the effect of the institution-based trust built by institutional structures on customer trust. Third, we examined the effect of customer trust and familiarity on retaining customer loyalty. Our findings showed that customer trust and familiarity played a major role in retaining customer loyalty with the specific shopping-mall. In conclusions, we discussed the strategies to build the customer loyalty for maintaining the customer. We suggest customer trust and familiarity for the factors to bind the customer with the specific shopping-mall based on these results.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.43
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• pp.275-295
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• 2009

After a long period of development and worldwide consultation, the London-based Joint Cargo Committee has revised the Institute Cargo Clauses (A), (B) & (C) and some ancillary Institute Clauses. The revision mainly include a clarification of the exclusions within the clauses, some modernization of the language of the clauses and new definitions of some terms. With these revisions, the coverage is widened to offer more protection to the assured. This may enable the widely used Institute Cargo Clauses to receive even greater worldwide acceptance. The following are the main changes in the new 2009 ICC compared with the 1982 ICC. 1. Insufficient or unsuitable Packing or Preparation(Clause 4.3): The revised clause is more favourable to the assured because under the revised clause this sub-clause is only applicable to (a) where packing or preparation is carried out by the assured or their employees or (b) packing or preparation takes place before the attachment of the risk. 2. Insolvency or Financial Default (Clause 4.6): The insolvency and financial default wording is incorporated in the revised clauses, making it more favourable to the assured. 3. Unseaworthiness (Clause 5): The revision is more favourable to the assured in that it limits the exclusion in relation to the unfitness of vehicles, vessels or containers to cases where the assured or their employees are privy to such unfitness. 4. Terrorism (Clause 7): A new definition of "terrorism" is introduced and the revised clause also widens the acts of an individual to encompass ideological and religious motives.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.91-114
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• 2011

The market size of e-Commerce in Japan was 15 trillion Yen in 2006, and B2C Internet shopping sales were over 6.57 trillion in 2009. Lakuten is a representative Internet shopping company whose market share is 45%. Lakuten has over 70,000 online stores and Japanese shoppers trust them based on the fair competition rule and pre-control system on e-commerce. Japanese consumers accept new technology rapidly and highly use Internet and mobile channel. This research analyse online shopping behaviors of Japan, a big e-commerce market. Internet shopping intention, satisfaction, and recommendation by Internet shopping motivations, perceived risks, shopping innovativeness were analyzed. A questionnaire survey of 464 Japanese consumer was performed and ANOVA, factor analysis, reliability test have done by SPSS 12.0. As the results, Internet shopping intentions were higher in groups of olders, higher innovativeness. House wives' satisfaction of Internet shopping is highest. High innovativeness group showed higher internet shopping motivation of economics, connivence, hedonic, and social. Student, women, and low income group perceives high risks to Internet shopping. Implications and further researches were suggested based on the results.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.447-450
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• 2004

B2C 전자상거래 분야의 대표격인 인터넷쇼핑몰은 유통산업의 구조에 큰 영향을 미침에 따라 쇼핑몰의 성공적 구축 및 운영이 주된 이슈로 떠오르고 있다. 본 연구에서는 최근 웹사이트 평가모델로 주목 받고 있는 3C-D-T 모델을 기반으로 보완하여 국내 인터넷쇼핑몰 웹사이트 평가에 보다 최적화된 평가모형을 제시하였다. 평가모형의 보완은 주로 평가영역 부분에서 이루어졌는데, 인터넷 쇼핑몰 웹사이트에서 비교적 비중이 적은 Community 영역의 평가점수가 전체 웹사이트 평가에 주는 영향을 최소화 시키는 의미가 있었다. 그리하여 3C-D-T 모델의 평가영역의 Commerce 항목과 Community 항목을 통합하여 새로이 Com&Com 항목을 구성했고, 그것으로 보다 최적화 된 인터넷쇼핑몰 웹사이트 평가모형을 구축할 수 있었다. 그리고 이 새로운 평가모델로 국내 메이저 종합쇼핑몰 웹사이트들을 분석, 비교평가 하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.445-449
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• 1999

일본에서의 B-C전자상거래의 경우 쇼핑몰도 급격한 증가를 보이고 있고 인터넷을 통한 새로운 신규비지지스의 창출이 활발하다. 하지만 아직 미국과 같은 폭팔적 시장상황은 아니며 향후 2-3년후 그러한 상황이 기대되고 있으며, 이용자 측면, 공급자 측면에서 여러 가지 성장요인이 지적되고 있다. B-B전자상거래의 경우 양적인 면에서 보다 사업구조개편을 동반하는 진정한 EC라는 질적인 면에서는 아직 미흡한 면이 지적되고 있다 전자상거래 실증사업에서의 그 추진방향이 물리적 공간상의 실성을 중시하여 인터넷상에서의 버츄얼할 점과 서로 연결하고 보완하려고 한다는 점이 큰 특징중의 하나이다. 전자결제의 실증사업의 경우도 초기에는 실제로 리얼한 세계에서의 IC카드의 보급에 더욱 더 비중을 두고 있으며 이의 확산을 통해 순수한 인터넷상에의 결제단계로 발전시킨다는 전략을 가지고 있다.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.429-455
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• 2013

This paper investigates the extent and scope of electronization of Letter of Credit and examines the obstacles in the course of electronization of Letter of Credit. For this purpose, this paper adopts two track methodologies. First, we study the electronization of Letter of Credit in the macro perspective. It means that we analyze the scope and the extent of electronization of electronic Letter of Credit in the national economy as a whole. Second, we utilize the case study approach to examine the electronization of Letter of Credit in micro perspective. In other words we examine individual commercial banks in Korea. For this purpose, we analyze the data from two commercial banks out of four largest domestic banks in Korea. For example, we select two commercial banks in Korea and ask current status of electronization of Letter of Credit, i.e, the utilization of EDI L/C, e-L/C, and e-B/L. A major finding of our study is that the extent of electronization is not negligible in micro perspective as well as in macro perspective. In micro perspective, two commercial banks utilize EDI letter of credit in a critical sense. On the other hand, they seldom uses e-L/C and e-B/L in international transaction. This study shows that major bottlenecks for the electronization of Letter of Credit are pessimistic perception of SME entrepreneurs toward the electronization of Letter of Credit and the high costs of system building. We conclude that unlike superficial perception, there is a considerable progress toward the electronization of Letter of Credit in micro perspective.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.363-366
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• 2000

인터넷 이용의 급증에 따라 전자상거래(Electronic Commerce)가 시간적, 공간적 제약을 극복한 새로운 경제활동으로 지식, 정보기반시대의 새로운 패러다임으로 국가 경제, 사회의 변혁을 주도하는 수단으로 부각되고 있다. 이러한 시대적 환경과 인터넷 이용의 확산으로 전자상거래 시장규모도 이례 없이 증가하고 있다. 특히 전자상거래에 대비하는 대부분의 업체들이 내세우는 전략의 공통점은 B2C(Business to Customer) 보다는 B2B(Business to Business)에 중점을 두고 있다는 것이다. 기업간 전자상거래에 필수적인 요소로 부각되고 있는 워크플로우 관리 시스템이 서로 다른 벤더들에 의해 제작된 워크플로우 엔진들의 상호운영성이 보장되지 않기 때문에 전자상거래의 제 기능을 발휘하지 못한다. 본 논문에서는 서로 다른 벤더들에 의해 제작된 워크플로우 엔진들의 상호운영성을 위한 기본 명세에 대해 살펴보기로 한다. 또한 엄청난 비즈니스 프로세스로 구성되어 있는 기업간 전자상거래 상에서의 통합된 비즈니스 프로세스를 정의하기 위한 워크플로우 정의도구 구현 시 고려해야 할 사항들에 대해서 살펴보기로 한다.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.241-257
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• 2020

Globally, Fintech, which acts to replace existing intranational payment methods, is actively used, and such Fintech payments are widely accepted in international B2C trade. However, Fintech for B2B trade has not been released to the market thus far, and previous attempts at electronic international payment systems, such as Bolero, TradeCard, and Identrus, have not succeeded, and most of them have completely disappeared. On the other hand, there are continuing attempts to introduce Fintech technologies such as blockchain to international payments, and these attempts are more widely pursued in foreign countries. If international payments using Fintech are marketed through foreign services and such Fintech services become the de-facto standard for international payments, then Korea in which dependency on international trade is high will be vulnerable due to a dependency on foreign services such as relying on foreign SNS platforms like Facebook and Instagram. Therefore, this paper proposes a business model that can be used as a legitimate B2B trade international payment system on the basis of domestically provided services, focusing on various services afforded by K-SURE, which is the Korea Trade Insurance Corporation.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.201-211
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to pinpoint currently arising issues concerning cyber fashion mall by analysing present status and contents of its web design, management and planning within the limits o business to customer (B2C) commerce, and to suggest a direction for building an ideal fashion mall on the internet. As for the study method, conceptual definitions were given based on previous studies. And a positive study was implemented, in which the cases of 23 chosen cyber fashion malls among 60 or so domestic and foreign malls selling fashion products were found by internet search engines and analysed. Results of the case analysis of cyber fashion malls are as follows : 1) cybermall must provide customers with an integrated service as well as e-commerce. 2) various products assortment and price differentiation must be developed, 3) the techniques of graphics, coloring and texturing, and layout design must be adopted to process and express product information, 4) the legislative system is needed to deal with the security, and 5) design and management of customer oriented interface are needed to process and express product information matter of electronic payment and customer protection. Considering the issues in internet fashion cybermalls, are suggested the important factors that are necessary or web design, planning and management to build an ideal cyber fashion mall. These results will contribute to the development of fashion e-commerce.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.197-214
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• 2002

Electronic Commerce has already existed for over 20 years. The Bolero project initially had the support of TEDIS, and now is jointly financed by SWIFT(Society for World International Financial Telecommunications) which handles most of the electronic funds transfer for banks, and the Through Transport Mutual Assurance Association(the TT Club), a mutual insurance association most of whose members are drawn from the Multimodal transport industry or transport intermediaries. Bolero's mission is to provide guaranteed and secure delivery, in electronic form, of trade documentation, globally, based on a binding legal environment and common procedures, Bolero will also provide a platform for provision of neutral cross-industry services. TradeCard is a payment and settlement system that is an alternative to letters of credit. That is, TradeCard is a business-to-business e-commerce infrastructure that enables buyers and sellers to conduct and settle international trade transactions securely over the Internet. Paperless, payment-guaranteed international trade transactions - which eliminate the traditional letters of credit with electronic certifications - are widely considered the most difficult B2B transactions to conduct.