• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.1153-1163
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the patients' satisfaction with the quality of hospital food service in Busan area. For the purpose, questionnaires were distributed to 271 hospitalized patients in 4 hospitals (three hospitals for self-operated foodservice, one for contracted foodservice) within 130 beds. The average scores were -0.99/5.00 for quality satisfaction of meal characteristics, -0.68/5.00 for service characteristics, and -0.37/5.00 for nutrition characteristics. The items of low scores in quality satisfaction were treatment of complaints, nutrition of meals, provision of nutritional information, the seasoning of the meals, selective menu, and sanitation of the meals. At the expectation and perception grid, high expectation and high perception items were cleanliness of employees' clothes, cleanliness of dish, employees' courtesy, exactness of meal time, and sanitation of the meals. High expectation and low perception items were treatment of complaints and nutrition. The patients with little appetite showed significantly (p<0.01) lower average scores in meal, service, and nutrition characteristics than those with much appetite. The self-operated foodservice operation had significantly (p<0.01) higher average scores in meal, service, and nutrition characteristics than those of the contracted foodservice operation. The patients hoped to improve the taste of cooked rice and side dish, quantity of the side dish, variety of menu, and sanitation of the meals.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.515-521
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• 1999

Scintillator crystal is an important part and detcrmines performance characteristics of the gamma camera. We investigated the offects of scintillation crystal surface treatment on gamma camera imaging. Nal(TI) and Csl(Tl) scintillators. 20 mm diameter and 10 mm thickness, applied with two different surface treatments, white and black reflcetors, were applied to Nal(Tl) and Csl(Ti). The optical properties of generated scintillation light were evaluated by Monte Carlo simulation method and by actual measurement using a position sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT). We measured sensitivity, energy resolution and spatial resolution of gamma camera with the various scintillators coupled to a PSPMT. In the simulation. Nal(Tl)-white prosented the best sensitivity. In the measurements, the sensitivities and the intrinsic spatial resolutions of Nal(Tl)-white, Nal(Tl)-black. CsI(Tl)-white, CsI(Tl)-black were 2920, 2322, 1754, 1401 cps/$\mu$ci and 5.2, 4.5, 7.0, 6.3 mm FWHM. respectively. Their intrinsic energy resolutions were mesured 12.5, 23.5, 20.5, 33.3% FWHM at 140 keV Tc-99m. In this study, we investigated the offects of a side surface treatment of the scintillator on the gamma camera imaging. Simulation and measurement prescnted similat trends. Based on the results, we concluded that the surface of th NaI(Tl)seintillator must be treated by absorptive materials in order to develop the gamma camera having good spatial resolution.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.275-283
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• 2010

This experiment was conducted to construct process models to estimate grain weight (GW) and grain nitrogen content (GN) in rice. A model was developed to describe the dynamic pattern of GW and GN during grain-filling period considering their relationships with temperature, solar radiation and growth traits such as LAI, shoot dry-weight, shoot nitrogen content, grain number during grain filling. Firstly, maximum grain weight (GWmax) and maximum grain nitrogen content (GNmax) equation was formulated in relation to Accumulated effective temperature (AET) ${\times}$ Accumulated radiation (AR) using boundary line analysis. Secondly, GW and GN equation were created by relating the difference between GW and GWmax and the difference between GN and GNmax, respectively, with growth traits. Considering the statistics such as coefficient of determination and relative root mean square of error and number of predictor variables, appropriate models for GW and GN were selected. Model for GW includes GWmax determined by AET ${\times}$ AR, shoot dry weight and grain number per unit land area as predictor variables while model for GN includes GNmax determined by AET ${\times}$ AR, shoot N content and grain number per unit land area. These models could explain the variations of GW and GN caused not only by variations of temperature and solar radiation but also by variations of growth traits due to different sowing date, nitrogen fertilization amount and row spacing with relatively high accuracy.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.783-800
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• 2007

The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of high quality hay on the performance and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. Twenty(20) Hanwoo(7 months old) were allocated into either Control(rice straw fed) or Treatment(timothy hay and rice straw fed) group(10 animals per group) and fed for 710 days until the animals reached at 30 months old. Concentrates were fed according to the feeding program composed with three(3) phases; growing, fattening, and finishing period. For the overall feeding period, final body weights were 761.3 and 799.6kg for the Control and Treatment groups, respectively, showing 38.3kg heavier body weight in Treatment group. ADG were 0.79 and 0.84kg for Control Treatment groups, respectively. These results might be because of the intake of high quality hay during growing phase and the effects persisted until the end of the experiment. Feed intake tended to be higher in Treatment group whereas feed conversion did not show significant difference between groups. Cold carcass weights were 451.0 and 475.3kg for Control and Treatment, There were no significant difference between groups in both yield and quality grade. There were no remarkable differences in physico-chemical characteristics fatty acid composition of carcasses between groups. In conclusion, it would be beneficial to feed high quality hay such as timothy during growing period of Hanwoo steers to produce high quality beef with heavier live and carcass weight.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.273-282
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• 1988

The seventeen barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.] accessions, which were collected national-widely in 1986 and selected two times through 1987, were experimented at 1988. To study the degree of ecological variations of the collected accessions of native barngardgrass species as a weed, the experiment was conducted with Wagner pots in size of 1/5000a and under P.E. film house. Among 57 characters, 100 grains weight, rate of tiller increase from transplanting to 30 days, the number of the maximum tillers and rate of dry weight increase from 15 DAS to 22 DAS were become intra-specific variarions as higher coefficient of varation than 30%, the size of the first leaf, fresh weight and dry 22 seedlings, rate of productive tiller, panicle number and tillering divergence made intra-specific variations as more and less C. V. than 25%, while the required days upto heading since seeding at June 6. rate of fresh/dry weight and plant height of 22 days old seedling made intra-specific variations as the coefficient of variation of about 50%. Among the attributes the color in leaf, leaf sheath, mid-ribs, node, spike, grain, and plant type, length of leaf marginal tooth, grain shape, purple bend on leaf were seemed useful to indentify the accessible specific.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2008

This study was performed to evaluate the physico-chemical properties of fermented sausages containing probiotic starter cultures (LK-30 plus, Lactobacillus plantarum 155 and 167, and Pediococcus damnosus L12) with reduced fat levels, and to determine the optimum condition for the manufacture of these products. Although low-fat fermented sausages were reduced fat content at the amount of 90% and the ripening time by 1-2 weeks, as compared to regular-fat counterpart, they became harder and had many winkles outside due to the extreme drying. In addition, fat level in fermented sausages affected the composition and shear force values. During ripening, pH, lightness and yellowness values tended to decrease, however, microbial counts of inoculated lactic acid bacteria were increased up to $10^8-10^9cfu/g$ within 3 days and remained constant thereafter. Low-fat fermented sausages had higher microbial counts than regular-fat ones. Although the inoculated probiotic starter cultures alone had the functional properties, such as cholesterol reduction, anti-high blood pressure and antimicrobial activity, they did not have distinctive characteristics in the fermented sausages. Based on these results, the low-fat fermented sausages were successfully manufactured, but a little bit increased fat level and improved functional properties in the fermented sausages would be required to have better quality as compared to regular-fat counterparts.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.877-890
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• 2005

This study was carried out to determine the effect of different growing stages of winter cereal crops on the quality of silage materials and silages. Silages were made from the silage materials harvested at four growing stages(boot, heading, flowering, and yellow ripe) of barley, rye, oat, and wheat. Approximately 1 kg of silage materials harvested from each growing stage stored in vinyl bags with vacuum packing method and fermented at room temperature for 40 days. As the growing stages progressed, the moisture and crude protein contents of the silage materials decreased, and fiber contents(NDF, ADF and hemicellulose) increased. All the silage materials showed significantly higher contents of water soluble carbohydrate in the boot stages than in the flowering and yellow ripe stages. There was no tendency in acetic acid contents of silage materials cut at different growing stages. The overall pH of silage materials were in the range of 5.91-6.01, and there was no significant difference among growing stages. Buffering capacity of silage materials were in the range of 26.23-29.47meq/100g DM, and showed a tendency to decline as the growing stages proceeded. The moisture and crude protein contents of silages decreased significantly in all species as the growing stages proceeded, and the fiber contents vice versa. As the growing stages proceeded, the pH of the silages tended to increase, and the acetic, butyric, and lactic acid contents tended to decrease. The buffering capacity of silages had a tendency to decrease as the growing stages of winter cereal crops proceeded. Therefore, these features described above should be taken into consideration in order to make silages from winter crops economically.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.12
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• pp.269-327
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• 1985

This study was undertaken to meet more fully the demands for improved training of library personnel, occasioned by the rapidly changing roles and functions of libraries as they try to adapt to the vast social, economic and technological changes currently in progress in the Korean society. The specific purpose of this research is to develop a standard curriculum at the batchelor's level that will properly equip the professional personnel in Korean libraries for the changes confronting them. This study started with the premise that to establish a sound base for curriculum development, it was necessary first to determine what concepts, knowledge, and techniques are required for professional library personnel to perform it at an optimal level of efficiency. Explicitly, it was felt that for the development of useful curricula and courses at the batchelor's level, a prime source of knowledge should be functional behaviours that are necessary in the job situation. To determine specifically what these terminal performance behaviours should be so that learning experience provided could be rooted in reality, the decision was reached to use a systems approach to curriculum development, which is an attempt to break the mold of traditional concepts and to approach interaction from an open, innovative, and product-oriented perspective. This study was designed to: (1) identify what knowledge and techniques are required for professional library personnel to perform the job activities in which they are actually engaged, (2) to evaluate the educational needs of the knowledge and techniques that the professional librarian respondents indicate, and (3) to categorise the knowledge and techniques into teaching subjects to present the teaching subjects by their educational importance. The main data-gathering instrument for the study, a questionnaire containing 254 items, was sent to a randomly selected sample of library school graduates working in libraries and related institutions in Korea. Eighty-three librarians completed and returned the questionnaire. After analysing the returned questionnaire, the following conclusions have been reached: (A) To develop a rational curriculum rooted in the real situation of the Korean libraries, compulsory subjects should be properly chosen from those which were ranked highest in importance by the respondents. Characters and educational policies of, and other teaching subjects offered by, the individual educational institution to which a given library school belongs should also be taken into account in determining compulsory subjects. (B) It is traditionally assumed that education in librarianship should be more concerned with theoretical foundations on which any solution can be developed than with professional needs with particulars and techniques as they are used in existing library environments. However, the respondents gave the former a surprisingly lower rating. The traditional assumption must be reviewed. (C) It is universally accepted in developing library school curricula that compulsory subjects are concerned with the area of knowledge students generally need to learn and optional subjects are concerned with the area to be needed to only those who need it. Now that there is no such clear demarcation line provided in librarianship, it may be a realistic approach to designate subjects in the area rated high by the respondents as compulsory and to designate those in the area rated low as optional. (D) Optional subjects that were ranked considerably higher in importance by the respondents should be given more credits than others, and those ranked lower might be given less credits or offered infrequently or combined. (E) A standard list of compulsory and optional subjects with weekly teaching hours for a Korean library school is presented in the fourth chapter of this report.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.720-725
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate extracting solution effect on the chemical compositions in different parts of Korean mountain Ginseng. Water, 80% EtOH and 80% MeOH are used as extraction solutions, and extracting conditions were 2 hr at $85^{\circ}C$ in water bath. The Brix(%) of the extract were ranged from $0.42{\sim}22.58%$, 80% EtOH extract for leaf is the highest level as 22.58%. The pH ranges of the extracts were $4.43{\sim}7.41$ and brown color of the extract was the highest with 1.803 in 80% EtOH extract for leaf, respectively. In case of hunter's color value of the extract, L value is the highest with 24.35 in 80% EtOH extract of seed, a and b value were the highest with 0.41 in 100% water extract of leaf and 3.69 in 80% MeOH extract of stem. Sucrose is the major free sugar of the extinct it highest content with 3673 mg% in 80% MeOH extract of mot and fructose is the highest with 1897 mg% in 80% MeOH extract of leaf, Major organic acids are identified as malic, tartaric and citric acid, and total organic acid content is the highest with 5,254 mg% in 80% MeOH extract of leaf and 1,527 mg% in 80% EtOH extract of leaf, The extracted major minerals ate P and K, P content highest with 15,563 ppm in 100% water extract of stem, K is 4,952 ppm in 80% MeOH extract of leaf, and Ca is the highest with 3,052 ppm in 1011% water extract of leaf. These results suggest that extracting solvent (80% MeOH) is concerned with the extract preparation of Korea Mountain Ginseng.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.163-170
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• 1994

The experiment was conducted in 1993 to find out a simple prediction method of weeds and to make the prediction models of weeds in paddy fields. The annuals producing fine seeds were apt to emerge at sampling soil only, on the contrary the perennials and the annuals producing large seeds tended not to emerge at sampling soil due to the miss of seeds at sampling. There was no appropriate regression between a total number of weeds emerged at sampling soil and that of weeds occurred in fields. The important annual weeds occurring in fields were able to predict by the number of weeds emerged at sampling soil, but it was difficult to predict the important perennial weeds. In case of Bidens tripartita producing large seeds and Eleocharis kuroguwai producing large tubers, the prediction coefficients were high as above 1.0, and that of Echinochloa crus-galli and Sagittaria pygmaea were comparatively high as 0.175 and 0.172, respectively. However the coefficients of the other weeds were much low as below 0.08. The prediction models for 9 species were made. The model of six species including E. crus-galli, M. vaginalis, R. indica, B. tripartita, E. triandra and S. pygmaea were linear regression with high significance, however that of 3 species including C. difformis, S. juncoides and E. kuroguwai were curve regression with high significance.