• 제목/요약/키워드: B-picture

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철도 사고현장의 효율적인 동영상 전송 방안에 관한 연구 (A study on effective sending of moving picture from train accident site)

  • 조봉관;장석각
    • 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전기학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
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    • pp.289-291
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    • 2003
  • Railway takes an important role of transporting massive passenger and freight. Accidents which occur related to trains have a risk of serious loss of lives, so those accidents need to be controlled urgently Therefore moving picture transmission system is required which transmits exact information of moving picture of accident status to CTC and also communication line is also required with it. By using WTB line as a wayside transmission line, railway telephones, fax and train service information are provided to local offices. As transmission line improving project, optical cabling work is being processed by phases. Therefore optical fiber line is more effective way for a communicating way between stations than coaxial transmission line. This Paper considers connecting method when optical fibers is used for moving picture data transmission of train accidents and its problems.

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사고현장과 사령실간 화상전송기술에 관한 연구(III) (A Study on the moving picture transmission method between the accident sites and control center)

  • 조봉관;장석각;최규형
    • 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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    • pp.1412-1414
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    • 2004
  • Railway takes an important role of transporting massive passenger and freight. Accidents which occur related to trains have a risk of serious loss of lives, so those accidents need to be controlled urgently. Therefore moving picture transmission system is required which transmits exact information of moving picture of accident status to CTC and also communication line is also required with it. By using WTB line as a wayside transmission line, railway telephones, fax and train service information are provided to local offices. As transmission line improving project, optical cabling work is being processed by phases. Therefore optical fiber line is more effective way for a communicating way between stations than coaxial transmission line. This paper consider's connecting method when optical fibers is used for moving picture data transmission of train accidents and its problems.

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철도현장의 영상전송을 위한 광전송로 인터페이스 방안에 관한 연구 (A study on the moving picture transmission method by railway fiber optics cable)

  • 조봉관;장석각;최규형
    • 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전기학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
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    • pp.244-246
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    • 2004
  • Compared with other transport means, safety and timeliness are the merits of railways. Unexpectedly when accident happens, much time and human strength are required to cope with the accident. And for swift recovery, systematic rehabilitation is needed. Recently using MTS(Moving picture Transmission System), we can perform accident rehabilitation and recording work efficiently. MTS is the device that transmits continuous picture information from accident field to control center. We are developing the appropriate system to railway situation to make use of the existing information communication technology, processing technology of video-tex, super high speed transmission technology through fiber-optic, copper cable and network description of information Technology, etc. If these communication-based can technologies are applied to railway system, railway managers can control the accident by inspecting the picture of accident field and can contribute to the safe train operation and the improvement of railway management. In this paper, we investigate the connecting methods when optical fiber is used for moving picture data transmission of train accidents, and its problems. And, we validate MTS's performance through about 28km section of field test.

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Switching Picture Added Scalable Video Coding and its Application for Video Streaming Adaptive to Dynamic Network Bandwidth

  • Jia, Jie;Choi, Hae-Chul;Kim, Hae-Kwang
    • 방송공학회논문지
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.119-127
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    • 2008
  • Transmission of video over Internet or wireless network requires coded stream capable of adapting to dynamic network conditions instantly. To meet this requirement, various scalable video coding schemes have been developed, among which the Scalable Video Coding (SVC) extension of the H.264/AVC is the most recent one. In comparison with the scalable profiles of previous video coding standards, the SVC achieves significant improvement on coding efficiency performance. For adapting to dynamic network bandwidth, the SVC employs inter-layer switching between different temporal, spatial or/and fidelity layers, which is currently supported with instantaneous decoding refresh (IDR) access unit. However, for real-time adaptability, the SVC has to frequently employ the IDR picture, which dramatically decreases the coding efficiency. Therefore, an extension of SP picture from the AVC to the SVC for an efficient inter-layer switching is investigated and presented in this paper. Simulations regarding the adaptability to dynamic network bandwidth are implemented. Results of experiment show that the SP picture added SVC provides an average 1.2 dB PSNR enhancement over the current SVC while providing similar adaptive functionality.

글 없는 그림책을 활용한 통합 활동이 유아의 창의성 신장에 미치는 효과 (The Effects of Integrated Activities Using Wordless Picture Books on Increase in Preschool Children's Creativity)

  • 손정화;김영주
    • 가정과삶의질연구
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.57-66
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    • 2007
  • This study purposed to examine the effects of integrated activities based on wordless picture books on increase in children's creativity. As for the subject of this study, 20 five-year old children(9 boys and 11 girls), who go to D Kindergarten in Ulsan-si, were selected as a experimental group and 20 five-year old children(8 boys and 12 girls) as comparative group, who attend B Kindergarten in Ulsan-si. For this study, all children of the groups were taken pre-test. After this experiment, difference in creativity of two groups was examined through post-test. The total of 42 sessions were conducted for 14 weeks from the first week of April to the second week of July, 2005. The test tool for this study was Creativity Scale developed by Kim Sang-yun (2003). To verify study questions, the mean of the two groups and the standard deviation were calculated and independent-sample t-test was carried out using SPSS WIN 11.5. The results of this study were as the following: First, integrated activities based on wordless picture books showed statistically significant difference in children's creativity between the experimental group and the comparative one(p<.001), which suggested that the activities affected increase in children's creativity in general. Second, integrated activities centering around wordless picture books indicated statistically significant difference in fluency(p<.05), flexibility(p<.01) and originality(p<.001), sub-factors of children's creativity, between the experimental group and the comparative one. This result revealed that these activities were effective. Third, integrated activities based on wordless picture books did not show significant difference in elaboration, a sub-factor of children's creativity, between the two groups. As the result of this study, integrated activities based on wordless picture books had positive effects on increase in children's creativity.

DCT 직류 값을 이용한 움직임 추정기 설계에 관한 연구 (A Study on motion estimator design using DCT DC value)

  • 이권철;박종진;조원경
    • 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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    • 제38권3호
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    • pp.22-22
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    • 2001
  • 정보량이 많은 고화질의 동영상을 실시간으로 전송하기 위하여 압축 알고리즘을 필수적으로 사용하고 있으며, 시간적 중복성을 제거하는 동영상의 압축방법은 움직임 추정 알고리즘을 사용한다. 본 연구에서 설계하고자 하는 움직임 추정기는 블록정합 알고리즘이며, MPEG 부호기에서 사용되는 DCT 연산 결과인 DC 값을 이용하여 화면의 밝기를 판단한다. 움직임 추정기는 휘도 신호 8비트 모두를 사용하지 않고, 화면 밝기에 따른 비트 플레인(bit plane)에서 3비트만 선택하는 비교선택기를 이용한다. 본 연구에서 제안한 비교 선택기는 I-Picture만을 계산한다. I-Picture에 의해 계산된 선택 비트는 I, P와 B Picture의 움직임 추정 연산에 사용함으로서 움직임 추정기의 크기를 줄일 수 있는 구조를 제안하였다. 제안된 움직임 추정기의 고찰을 위하여 실험에 사용된 표준 동영상의 해상도는 352×288이며, DCT 연산의 처리 블록은 8×8이며, 탐색 영역은 23×23이다. 제안된 알고리즘은 C언어로 모델링하였으며, 기존 완전탐색방법과 PSNR을 비교한 결과 사람의 시각으로 거의 구별할 수 없는 작은 차이(0~0.83dB)가 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 제안한 움직임 추정기의 하드웨어 크기는 기존 구조Ⅰ보다 38.3%, 기존 구조Ⅱ보다 30.7% 줄일 수 있었고, 메모리 크기는 기존 구조Ⅰ,Ⅱ보다 31.3% 줄일 수 있었다.

MPEG-2상에서 효율적인 장면전환 검출 알고리즘 (A effective algorithm for the scene change detection in MPEG-2)

  • 최금수;문영득
    • 한국멀티미디어학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국멀티미디어학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표대회논문집
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    • pp.195-198
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    • 2004
  • 본 논문은 움직임 예측에서 얻어지는 매크로블록(MB: MacroBlock)의 계수를 사용하는 장면전환 검출 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안한 방법은 영상 시퀸스에서 픽쳐 형태에 따라 앞에 오는 2개의 영상 혹은 앞뒤의 두 영상과의 상관관계를 가지고 장면전환을 검출하므로 정확도가 높고 영상내의 모든 장면전환을 검출하였으며 P, B-picture는 물론이고 I-Picture에서 발생하는 장면전환도 검출할 수 있었다.

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MPEG 압축된 비디오의 자동 분할 기법 (Automatic Parsing of MPEG-Compressed Video)

  • 김가현;문영식
    • 한국정보처리학회논문지
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    • 제6권4호
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    • pp.868-876
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    • 1999
  • 본 논문에서는 MPEG으로 압축된 비디오(MPEG-compressed video)를 대상으로 내용기반 색인(content-based indexing)에 기초가 될 동영상 자도 d분할에 관한 효과적인 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 MPEG 시퀀스의Ⅰ(Intra), P(Predictive), B(bidirectional) 픽쳐 구성에 구애받지 않고 장면 전환점(scene change)을 검출해 낸다. 컷(cut) 검출을 위해서는 Ⅰ픽쳐의 dc 계수와 P, B 픽쳐의 매크로 블록 참조 특성을 이용하여 차이 측도(difference measure)를 설정한다. 그리고 점진적인 (gradual)장면 전환에서는 p, B 픽쳐의 참조 블록 비율을 이용하여 정확하게 장면 전환 지점을 검출한다. 이때 MPEG 시퀀스를 완전히 복원하지 않고 필요한 데이터만을 추출해 내어 전체 데이터 처리 과정을 좀 더 효율적으로 구성한다. 차이 척도의 성능과 검출 결과는 정확도(precision)와 완전추출도(recall)를 기준으로 비교분석하고, 제안한 방법을 다양한 MPEG 시퀀스에 적용시켜 검출 결과와 수행 시간 측면에서 그 효율성을 확인하였다.

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合谷($LI_4$), 三間($LI_3$)의 電針刺戟이 顔面部 領域 溫度變化에 미치는 影響 (Effects on the Thermal Change of the Face Follow Electroacupunctyre on Hapkok($LI_4$), Sangan($LI_3$))

  • 윤정훈;김종한;황충연;임규상
    • 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.222-247
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    • 1999
  • The back ground and purpose : The acupuncture of oriental medicine is very important in treatments. Until now it has been researched according to the meridian and qi xue(氣血) phenomenon of oriental medicine's theory. As electroacupuncture is one of acupuncture treatments, it will show more objective index to observe the meridian and qi xue(氣血) phenomenon. And then, I studied the effects on the thermal change of the face following electroacupuncture treatment. Objective and Methods : This study was performed from January 1999 to March 1999 on 10 healthy students. The objective was divided into three groups, those were the control group A(n=10), the group B(n=10) of electroacupuncture on Hapkok($LI_4$), Samgan($LI_3$) and the group C(n=10) of electroacupuncture on Shinmun($H_7$), T' ongni($H_5$). First, in the control group A, we took a picture for 10 men without any stimulation with the Digital Infrared Thermograph Imaging(D.I.T.I.) and did 3min after, 10min after, 15min after, 25min after, 45min after respectively. Second, in the electroacupuncture treatment group B, we took a picture for 10 men without any stimulation, and then treat electroacupuncture on Hapkok($LI_4$), Samgan($LI_3$) and took a picture immediately(3min after), 10min after, 15min after and remove needle and took a picture in the same way respectively. Third, in the electroacupuncture treatment group C, we took a picture for 10 men without any stimulation, and then treat electroacupuncture on Shinmun($H_7$), T'ongni($H_5$) and took a picture in the second way respectively. Results: 1. In healthy men, average skin temperture about Yonghyang($LI_{20}$) area was higher than Soryo($G_{25}$) or Chich'ang($S_4$) area. They were Soryo($G_{25}$) area $31.495{\pm}0.766^{\circ}C$, Rt. Yonghyang($LI_{20}$) area $31.664{\pm}0.936^{\circ}C$, Lt. Yonghyang ($LI_{20}$)area $31.686{\pm}0.767^{\circ}C$, Rt. Chich'ang($S_4$) area $31.226{\pm}0.875^{\circ}$, Lt. Chich'ang ($S_4$) area $31.453{\pm}0.855^{\circ}C$. 2. In the control group A, the skin temperature of Soryo($G_{25}$) showed the increase or decrease in below ${\Delta}0.1^{\circ}C\;except\;0.265{\pm}0.594^{\circ}C$ in 25min, but not significantly. 3. About Soryo($G_{25}$) area, the skin temperature decreased significantly after electroacupuncture immediately. ${\Delta}T $of the group B was $-0.970{\pm}0.87\;1^{\circ}C$, which was larger than one of the group C which was $-0.707{\pm}0.624^{\circ}C$ at 3min. And then ${\Delta}T$ of the group C was increase valuable at 25min, 45min. 4. About Yonghyang($L1_{25}$) area, the left ${\Delta}T$ of the group B showed below $0.2^{\circ}C$ or so in contrast to the right it. In the group C, on the both side showed continous increase of temperature as following times. 5. About Chich'ang($S_4$) area, the skin temperature increased valuable $0.3^{\circ}C$ or so on the both side and later inclined to decrease in the group B but not significantly. In the group C, it increased valuable on the both side. 6. The skin temperature of electroacupuncture treatment group B, C were more increase than the control group A except Lt. Yonghyang($LI_{20}$) area in the group B. The temperature of group C were more increase than the group B wholly. Conclusion : The above results indicate that D.I.T.I. is a useful method to observe and fallow-up the effects and the changes by electroacupuncture stimulation on objective evaluation of phenomenon for the meridian system and character. Thus, continuous thermographic study will be needed for more clinical application such as acupuncture and medicine or laser therapy according to oriental medicine.

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H.264/AVC를 위한 에러 적응형 예비 슬라이스 (Loss-Aware Rate-Distortion Optimization for Redundant Picture in H.264/AVC)

  • 이진호;최진수;최해철
    • 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국방송공학회 2008년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.85-88
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    • 2008
  • 예비 슬라이스(Redundant picture)는 에러가 발생하기 쉬운 환경에서 비디오가 전송될 때 에러를 보상하기 위한 H.264/AVC 부호화 표준의 도구들 중에 하나이다. 본 논문에서는 예비 슬라이스의 삽입으로 인해 발생하는 오버헤드 비트와 손실률을 고려한 LA-RDO(Loss-aware rate-distortion optimization) 모델을 제시하며 제안하는 모델에 기초해서 예비 슬라이스의 삽입 여부를 결정한다. 실험결과는 제안하는 방법이 참조 소프트웨어(JM: Joint Model)에 있는 HRP(Hierarchical redundant picture)와 비교했을 때 평균 0.5dB의 PSNR이 증가함을 보였다. 특별히 낮은 비트율에서 상대적으로 높은 성능을 보이므로 비디오 화상 회의와 같이 낮은 비트의 영상을 요구하는 무선 전송 환경에 적합할 것으로 보인다.

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