• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.552-564
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure energy expenditure (EE) the metabolic equivalents (METs) of 13 common physical activities by using a portable telemetry gas exchange system ($K4b^2$) and to assess the accuracy of the accelerometer (Actigraph $GT3X^+$) by gender in Korean adults. Methods: A total of 109 adults (54 males, 55 females) with normal BMI (body mass index) participated in this study. EE and METs of 13 selected activities were simultaneously measured by the $K4b^2$ portable indirect calorimeter and predicted by the $GT3X^+$ Actigraph accelerometer. The accuracy of the accelerometer was assessed by comparing the predicted with the measured EE and METs. Results: EE (kcal/kg/hr) and METs of treadmill walking (3.2 km/h, 4.8 km/h and 5.6 km/h) and running (6.4 km/h) were significantly higher in female than in male participants (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the accelerometer significantly underestimated the EE and METs for all activities except descending stairs, moderate walking, and fast walking in males as well as descending stairs in females. Low intensity activities had the highest rate of accurate classifications (88.3% in males and 91.3% females), whereas vigorous intensity activities had the lowest rate of accurate classifications (43.6% in males and 27.7% in females). Across all activities, the rate of accurate classification was significantly higher in males than in females (75.2% and 58.3% respectively, p < 0.01). Error between the accelerometer and $K4b^2$ was smaller in males than in females, and EE and METs were more accurately estimated during treadmill activities than other activities in both males and females. Conclusion: The accelerometer underestimated EE and METs across various activities in Korean adults. In addition, there appears to be a gender difference in the rate of accurate accelerometer classification of activities according to intensity. Our results indicate the need to develop new accelerometer equations for this population, and gender differences should be considered.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.8
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• pp.1139-1147
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• 2014

We investigated whether or not Schisandra chinensis (SC), a traditional herbal medicine, has protective effects against alcohol-induced fatty liver and blood alcohol clearance. Two tests focused on acute intoxication and chronic ethanol treatment were carried out. For the chronic ethanol treatment test, rats were fed ethanol by intragastric administration everyday for 8 weeks to induce alcoholic fatty liver. Ethanol treatment significantly increased blood alcohol concentration at 90 min after acute ethanol intoxication. Compared with the two ethanol-treated groups, rats administered ethanol along with SC extracts showed an approximately 13% increased blood alcohol clearance rate at 360 min. Chronic ethanol treatment significantly increased serum and hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels, and caused fatty degeneration of liver. Ethanol treatment also elevated the serum total-cholesterol (TC) level. However, after feeding of ethanol plus SC extracts, ethanol-induced elevation of hepatic TG levels reversed, whereas elevation of serum TG and TC levels was not observed after treatment with SC extracts. Ethanol treatment significantly increased ${\gamma}$-GT, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase activities after 8 weeks. Compared with the ethanol-fed group, rats administered ethanol plus SC extracts for 4 weeks showed attenuated fatty degeneration as well as decreased hepatic function test values. SC administration also significantly increased intracellular lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and reduced steatosis score and hepatic TG levels, as measured by biochemical and histolopathological analyses. Our results indicate that the protective effects of SC are accompanied by a significant decrease in hepatic TG levels, thereby suggesting SC has the ability to prevent ethanol-induced fatty liver, by reducing hepatic TG and enzyme levels in alcoholic rats.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.4583-4587
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• 2015

Background: The objectives of this study aimed to detect a CYP2B6 polymorphism in de novo cases of acute myeloid leukemia patients and identify any role in disease progression and outcome. Materials and Methods: DNA was isolated from peripheral blood of 82 newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia cases and the CYP2B6 G15631T gene polymorphism was assayed by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: The frequency of the GG genotype (wild type) was 48 (58.5%) and that of the mutant type T allele was 34 (41.9%). GT genotype heterozygous variants were found in 28 (34%), and TT genotype homozygous variants in 6 (7.3%) cases. We found no significant association between the CYP2B6 G15631T polymorphism and complete response (CR) (p-value=0.768), FAB classification (p-value=0.51), cytogenetic analysis (p-value=0.673), and overall survival (p-value=0.325). Also, there were no significant links with early toxic death (p-value=0.92) or progression-free survival (PFS) (p-value=0.245). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the CYP2B6 polymorphism has no role in disease progression, therapeutic outcome, patient free survival, early toxic death and overall survival in acute myeloid leukemia patients.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 1995

Ozone treatment was applied to ginseng powder for the improving hygienic quality of ginseng powder. A bacterial strain was isolated form ginseng powder contaminated. The strain designated as GT4, was identified as Escherichia coli species by IMVIC test method. Ozone inhibited strongly total bacteria and coliforms in ginseng powder(initial concentration 103/g) at 0.35 ppm. High ozone concentration reduced death time of the total bacteria in ginseng powder. However, ozone treatment caused significant degradation in saponins of ginseng powder. Ozone treatment also caused a increase in Hunter's color L value and decrease in a and b values of ginseng powder.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 2000

We treated a 53 year-old male patient. He had alcoholic liver cirrhosis and diabetes. The main symptoms were fatigue, ascites, edema, anorexia, indigestion, constipation, and abdominal pain. We diagnosed him as 'the retention of pathogenic damp-heat in the liver and gall bladder’ and adminstered Saenggangeonbi-tang three times a day. We observed clinical symptoms, liver function test(AST, ALT, ${\gamma}-GT$, ALP, total bilirubin), nutritional state(total protein, albumin) and capillary blood glucose. After treatment, all the main symptoms disappeared and the patient's nutritional state has improved. Child's grade using the improvement index in liver cirrhosis has changed from B to A. Although the very mechanism of Saenggangeonbi-tang was not proven, we could suggest that Saenggangeonbi-tang is not toxic to the liver and has a good effect on alcoholic liver cirrhosis with diabetes mellitus.

• The Microorganisms and Industry
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.17-20
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• 1988

A genetic analysis of the complex Bacillus subtilis transcriptional apparatus is essential to understand the function, regulation, and interaction of the transcriptase components during growth and sporulation. This approach in Escherichia coli has uncovered fundamental mechanisms regulating gene expression Cole and Nomura, 1986; Lindahl and Zengel, 1986) and an analysis of the B. subtilis transcriptase will allow comoparison of the E.coli system to another bacterium that has evolved under different selective pressures. To this end we used antibody probes to isolate the alpha, beta, and beta' core subunit genes from a .lambda.gtill expression vector library. To address the question of function ans regulation of the minor sigma factors that confer promoter specifity on the polymerase core (Losick et al., 1986), we used the same approach to isolate the gene for the 37,000 dalton sigma factor, sigma-37.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.148-150
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• 2017

Peripheral neuropathy associated with hyper-IgE-emia have been rarely reported. Here we present a 72-year-old man with acute motor axonal neuropathy who had relatively poor prognosis. The serum was weakly positive for IgG GQ1b and GT1a, and serum IgE was significantly elevated. He was transferred to a rehabilitation center with Medical Research Council grade 3 lower extremity weakness on admission day 65. We would suggest that hyper-IgE-emia may increase the magnitude and rate of neural damage in this case.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.205-209
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• 1997

Alcohol treatment was applied to ginseng powder for the improving hygienic quality of ginseng powder. A bacterial strain designated as GT5 was isolated from ginseng powder contaminated and was identified as Escherichia coli species by IMVIC test method. Ethanol used as alcohol, inhibited strongly the growth of coliforms in ginseng powder at the concentrations of 50 to 90%. Ethanol treatment also decreased numbers of total bacteria at the same concentrations. There was not significant changes in saponin of ginseng powder after treated with ethanol. However, ethanol treatment caused a decrease in Hunter's color L value and an increase in a and b values of ginseng powder. As a hygienic quality control of ginseng powder, ethanol treatment could be cosidered as an effective means for decontaminating microorganisms in ginseng powder.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1390-1397
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• 2004

This study is concerned with the thermal analysis during the cool-down period of 135,000㎥ class GT-96 membrane type LNG carrier under IMO and USCG design condition. During the cool-down period, the spraying rate for the NG cooling decreases as the temperature of NG falls down from -4$0^{\circ}C$ to -l3$0^{\circ}C$, and the spraying rate for the cooling of the insulation wall increases as the temperature gradient of the insulation wall is large. It was confirmed that there existed the largest temperature decrease at the first barrier and the first insulation, which are among the insulation wall, especially in the top side of the insulation wall under IMO and USCG design condition. Also, as the NG temperature distribution is fixed, the outer temperature condition under the design condition has influence on the temperature variation at the insulation. By the 3-D numerical calculation about the cargo tank and the cofferdam during the cool-down period, the temperature variation in hulls and insulations is precisely predicted under IMO and USCG design condition. From the comparison between two conditions; IMO design condition shows more severe temperature gradient than USCG design condition, therefore, it provides the conservative estimation of the BOG.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.275-282
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• 2020

Recently, the occurrence of a ship capsizing was analyzed as the main cause of the lack of stability or loss because of the improper management of the center of gravity, the movement of cargo or heavy weight when excessive steering occurs or when navigating during bad weather. Thus, to prevent a ship from capsizing, it is necessary to secure stability to enable the ship's return to its upright position, even if a dangerous heel occurs. The GM is a crucial evaluation factor regarding stability, which the navigation officer uses to preserve stability. In this study, based on the stability data collected from the operating of ships for five years, The GM by ship's type according to the operating status was analyzed specifically such as a ship's length, breadth, and gross tonnage. The feature of the GM distribution according to a ship's length was confirmed, and after performing the correlation analysis between the breadth and the GM, the ratio of the GM to breadth was calculated, and the result was compared with the previous ratio. Additionally, a simple approximation formula and minimum GM for the estimation of the GM by ship type were proposed by the regression analysis of the GM using the gross tonnage (GT)/breadth (B) to reflect the trend of larger ships being built. The results of this study are expected to be used as data for the review of securing a stable GM on ships.