• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.5533-5537
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• 2013

MicroRNA-10b (miR-10b) has been reported to play an important role in some types of cancer, but the effects and possible mechanisms of action of miR-10b in the metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (NPC) have not been explored. The aim of the present study was to investigate the function of miR-10b in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying its action. The MTT assay was used to assess proliferation of CNE-2Z cells. Wound healing and transwell migration assays were applied to assess cell migration and invasion, while and expression of E-cadherin and MMP-9 were detected using Western blot analysis. Real-time PCR was employed to detect the expression of genes related to migration and invasion and the $2^{-{\Delta}{\Delta}Ct}$ method was used to calculate the degree of expression. MTT assay showed the expression of miR-10b to have no effect on the proliferation of NPC cell lines. The wound healing assay showed that miR-10b mimics promoted the mobility and invasion of NPC cell lines. Inhibitors of miR-10b reduced the ability of NPC cell lines to migrate and invade. In addition, the expression of genes related to migration and invasion, such as E-cadherin, vimentin, and MMP-9, were confirmed to be different in the CNE-2Z NPC cell line transfected with miR-10b mimics and with miR-10b inhibitors. In the present study, miR-10b was found to upregulate the expression of MMP-9 and knockdown of miR-10b was found to significantly downregulate the expression of E-cadherin. On the whole, these results showed that miR-10b plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of NPC cells.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2007

배경 및 목적: 인체암에서 C-erbB-2의 과발현에 대한 광범위한 연구가 시행되고 있지만, 임상적 의의에 대해서는 논란의 대상이 되고 있다. 악성종양에서 신생혈관형성은 암의 진행에 필수적인 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 비소세포 폐암에서 C-erbB-2의 과발현의 의미, 암조직의 신생혈관형성에 중요한 역할을 하는 VEGF의 발현 및 두 표지자의 연관성을 연구하였다. 방 법: 파라핀 포매된 95예의 비소세포 폐암조직을 이용하여 avidin-biotin complex 법에 의한 면역조직화학적 염색을 시행하였으며, 연구재료는 원발성 편평세포암종 60예 그리고 원발성 선암종 35예를 대상으로 하였다. 결 과: 비소세포 폐암에서 선암종의 C-erbB-2의 과발현은 편평세포암종보다 의미 있게 높게 나타났다. 임상병기에 따른 C-erbB-2와 VEGF의 과발현은 진행암에서 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으나, 초기암과의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 선암종에서 C-erbB-2와 VEGF의 발현은 유의하게 상관성을 나타내었다. 결 론: 비소세포 폐암에서 C-erbB-2의 과발현은 암의 유형에 따라 다르다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, C-erbB-2의 과발현이 높게 나타나는 선암종에서는 이 성적과 암세포의 VEGF의 발현이 상관성을 나타낸다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.216-224
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• 2023

Background: Smilax glabra has various pharmacological activities and is widely used as a herbal medicine. Although the incidence of oral cancer is low, the recurrence rate is high, and the 5-year survival rate is poor. It is necessary to search for anticancer drugs that increase the effect of cancer chemotherapy on heterogeneous oral tissues and reduce the side effects on normal cells. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanism of ethanol extract of Smilax glabra (EESG) as an anticancer drug for oral cancer. Methods: Smilax glabra root components extracted with 70% ethanol were used to analyze their effects on cancer cells. A 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide assay was performed for cytotoxicity analysis. Flow cytometry was performed to determine the cell cycle phase distribution. To observe apoptotic cells, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and γH2AX were detected by fluorescence microscope. The protein levels of cleaved PARP and caspase were analyzed using western blotting. The activation of procaspase-3 was confirmed by measuring caspase-3 activity. Results: EESG was no cytotoxic to normal gingival fibroblast but was high in YD10B oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. EESG treatment increased the subdiploid DNA content of YD10B cells by assessing DNA content distribution. Chromatin condensation and DNA strand breaks increased in YD10B cells treated with EESG. EESG-treated YD10B cells had high Annexin V and low propidium iodide levels, confirming that early apoptosis was induced. In addition, increased levels of γH2AX foci, a marker of DNA damage, were observed in the nuclei of EESG-treated YD10B cells. The EESG-treated YD10B cells also exhibited decreased procaspase-3 and procaspase-9 levels, increased PARP cleavage and caspase-3 activity. Conclusion: These results indicate that EESG inhibited cancer cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis in YD10B OSCC cells.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.185-194
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• 1999

연구배경: NF-$\kappa$B는 단백질이 생성된 후의 변형(post-translational modification)과 세포내에서의 위치 변화(subcellular localization)에 따라 그 작용이 결정되는 특성을 가진 전사 인자로서 최초에는 면역반응에 있어 중요한 역할을 하는 사실이 알려졌으나 그후 이러한 작용이외에도 급성기 염증 반응, 바이러스의 증식, 세포의 발생과 분화에 있어 중요한 작용을 한다는 사실이 알려지게 되었다. 최근의 연구들에서 NF-$\kappa$B 전사 인자가 정상 세포로부터 암세포로의 형질전환에 있어서도 어떤 기능을 할 것이라는 사실들이 알려지게 되었다. NF-$\kappa$B가 암세포로의 형질 전환, 나아가 암세포의 생성에 어떤 역할을 제공한다면 이러한 사실은 나아가 향후의 암치료에 있어서도 유용한 지식이 될 수 있다. NF-$\kappa$B 전사 인자가 인체 암세포에 있어서 세포의 형질 변환에 연관될 수 있다는 사실은 몇몇 암종에서 알려져 있으나 폐암에서의 NF-$\kappa$B 전사 인자의 종양 생성기능에 있어서는 아직 연구된 바가 없다. 방 법: 본 연구에서는 배양된 인체 폐암세포주에 있어서 NF-$\kappa$B family 전사 인자들의 발현정도를 western blot를 이용하여 관찰하고 과발현된 NF-$\kappa$B 전사 인자의 세포내 위치가 세포핵인지 세포질내에 존재하는 것인지를 각각의 단백질 분획에서 western blot를 시행하여 관찰하였고 또한 immunocy-tochemistry를 시행하여 그 발현 양상을 확인하였다. 존재하는 NF-$\kappa$B 전사 인자가 어떠한 복합체의 형태인지를 알아보기 위하여 세포주의 단백 추출물에서 NF-$\kappa$B family 전사 인자에 대한 항체를 사용하여 immunoprecipitation을 시행하였다. 세포주 단백추출물의 $\kappa$B consensus oligonucleotide에의 결합여부를 보기위하여 electrophoretic mobility shift assay를 시행하였다. 결 과: 배양된 인체 폐암세포주에서는 NF-$\kappa$B family의 p50 subunit, p65 subunit가 발현되어 있었고 p50 subunit의 발현은 세포핵내에 국한하여 위치하고 있음을 western blot와 immunocytochemistry를 통하여 관찰할 수 있었다 immunoprecipitation assay는 세포내에서 p50 subunit가 p65 subunit와 복합체를 이루는 상태로 존재하고 있음을 보여주었다. 폐암세포주의 세포핵 추출물은 NF-$\kappa$B consensus oligonucleotide와 결합할 수 있음을 electrophoretic mobility shift assay를 통하여 확인할 수 있었다. 결 론: 인체 폐암세포주에서 NF-$\kappa$B family 전사 인자의 발현이 활성화되어 있으며 NF-$\kappa$B family 전사 영자가 인체 폐암 형성에 있어 어떤 역할을 할 가능성을 시사한다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.261-265
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• 1991

In a microbial cell-free extract system, side chain cleavage on various sterols and steroids was tested. The cell-free extracts of Mycobacterium sp. NRRL B-3805 showed the side chain cleavage activity on lithocholic acid to form 5$\beta$-androstan-3.17-dione. The properties of the activity were examined.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.44.1-44.16
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• 2023

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are effective in treating autoimmune diseases and managing various conditions, such as engraftment of allogeneic islets. Additionally, autologous and HLA-matched allogeneic MSCs can aid in the engraftment of human allogeneic kidneys with or without low doses of tacrolimus, respectively. However, HLA alloantigens are problematic because cell therapy uses more HLA-mismatched allogeneic cells than autologous for convenience and standardization. In particular, HLA-mismatched MSCs showed increased Ag-specific T/B cells and reduced viability faster than HLA-matched MSCs. In CRISPR/Cas9-based cell therapy, Cas9 induce T cell activation in the recipient's immune system. Interestingly, despite their immunogenicity being limited to the cells with foreign Ags, the accumulation of HLA alloantigen-sensitized T/B cells may lead to allograft rejection, suggesting that alloantigens may have a greater scope of adverse effects than foreign Ags. To avoid alloantigen recognition, the β2-microglobulin knockout (B2MKO) system, eliminating class-I MHC, was able to avoid rejection by alloreactive CD8 T cells compared to controls. Moreover, universal donor cells in which both B2M and Class II MHC transactivator (CIITA) were knocked out was more effective in avoiding immune rejection than single KO. However, B2MKO and CIITA KO system remain to be controlled and validated for adverse effects such as the development of tumorigenicity due to deficient Ag recognition by CD8 T and CD4 T cells, respectively. Overall, better HLA-matching or depletion of HLA alloantigens prior to cell therapy can reduce repetitive transplantation through the long-term survival of allogeneic cell therapy, which may be especially important for patients seeking allogeneic transplantation.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2015

Early growth response (Egr)-1 is a $Cys_2-His_2-type$ zincfinger transcription factor. It has been shown to induce survival and proliferation of immature and mature B cells, respectively, but its role in the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells remains unclear. To examine the effects of Egr-1 deficiency on the activation of B cells, naive B cells from $Egr1^{-/-}$mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates were activated to proliferate and differentiate, and then assayed by FACS. Proportions of cells undergoing proliferation and apoptosis did not differ between $Egr1^{-/-}$ and WT mice. However, $Egr1^{-/-}$ B cells gave rise to fewer plasma cells than WT B cells. Consistently, $Egr1^{-/-}$ mice produced significantly lower titer of antigen-specific IgG than their WT littermates upon immunization. Our results demonstrate that Egr-1 participates in the differentiation program of B cells into plasma cells, while it is dispensable for the proliferation and survival of mature B cells.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2007년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.120-125
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• 2007

In this paper a new cell sizing method is proposed. The new method calculates cell size at a point using given size control elements directly without the aid of background grid as other cell sizing algorithms do. The calculation method and related definitions are described in detail, and typical cell sizing results are given.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.68-72
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• 2022

혈관면역모세포성 T세포 림프종(AITL)은 성숙 T follicular helper cells의 림프증식성 질환이다. 80세 여성의 골수에서 비정형 림프구가 관찰되었고 B세포에 대한 유세포검사에서 CD19+, CD20-, CD22- 및 lambda 경쇄 restriction과 같은 비정상 표현형이 관찰되었다. 처음에는 유세포검사에서 관찰된 비정상 B세포에 대해 B세포 림프종을 의심하였다. 그러나 환자는 골수를 침범한 AITL로 진단되었다. 유세포검사의 재분석에서 소수의 비정상 T세포 군집을 발견했다. 표면 lambda 경쇄 restriction은 비특이적 결합으로 생각되었다. EBV 양성 T세포 림프종 환자에서 형질세포와 유사한 면역표현형을 가진 B세포가 관찰될 수 있다. 이러한 비정상 B세포 혹은 형질세포의 증식이 기저에 존재하는 T세포 림프종을 가릴 수 있다. 정확한 진단을 위해서는 통합적인 접근이 필요할 것이다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.50.1-50.19
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• 2022

Autoreactive B cells are not entirely deleted, but some remain as immunocompetent or anergic B cells. Although the persistence of autoreactive B cells as anergic cells has been shown in transgenic mouse models with the expression of B cell receptor (BCR) reactive to engineered self-antigen, the characterization of naturally occurring anergic B cells is important to identify them and understand their contribution to immune regulation or autoimmune diseases. We report here that a low-level expression of CD138 in the splenic B cells marks naturally arising anergic B cells, not plasma cells. The CD138^int B cells consisted of IgM^lowIgD^high follicular (FO) B cells and transitional 3 B cells in homeostatic conditions. The CD138^int FO B cells showed an anergic gene expression profile shared with that of monoclonal anergic B cells expressing engineered BCRs and the gene expression profile was different from those of plasma cells, age-associated B cells, or germinal center B cells. The anergic state of the CD138^int FO B cells was confirmed by attenuated Ca²⁺ response and failure to upregulate CD69 upon BCR engagement with anti-IgM, anti-IgD, anti-Igκ, or anti-IgG. The BCR repertoire of the CD138^int FO B cells was distinct from that of the CD138^- FO B cells and included some class-switched B cells with low-level somatic mutations. These findings demonstrate the presence of polyclonal anergic B cells in the normal mice that are characterized by low-level expression of CD138, IgM downregulation, reduced Ca²⁺ and CD69 responses upon BCR engagement, and distinct BCR repertoire.