• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.507-513
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• 2008

Purpose: Interest in the augmentation of hair growth for functional and aesthetic purpose has increased dramatically in recent years. Many hair growth products have been released, but most of these have not been proven scientifically. This study aims to measure the hair growth effect of azelaic acid and vitamin $B_6$, which have been known as hair growth materials, in animal models. Methods: Six weeks old C57BL/6 mice were used in this study and hair of mice were removed by topical treatment. The mice were divided into five experimental groups according to the testing material such as saline (negative control), propylene glycol(vehicle control), azelaic acid, vitamin B6 and azelaic acid plus vitamin B6 in combination. Hair growth was documented photographically and histologically, and then analysed by the high quality hair analysis program system. The quantity of endocrine factors, IGF-I and TGF-${\beta}1$ in the skin of mice was measured by PCR analysis. Results: The topical treatment of azelaic acid and vitamin B6 in combination for 2 weeks to dorsal skin accelerated hair regrowth more than other groups. The azelaic acid and vitamin $B_6$-combined treatment also promoted hair follicle elongation and thickness compared to the others. Histologic studies showed increased number of basal cells in azelaic acid and vitamin $B_6$-combined treatment. Furthermore, the azelaic acid and vitamin $B_6$-combined group significantly increased the expression of IGF-I but decreased the expression of TGF-${\beta}1$ in the skin of mice compared to other groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that azelaic acid and vitamin $B_6$, when used together, have an additive effect and might be used as hair growth materials.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2011

여드름 나노화장품(nanocosmetics) 개발을 위하여 azelaic acid-milk nano powder의 nanoencapsulation을 fluid-bed processor로 중심합성계획에 따라 유입공기온도($60{\sim}80^{\circ}C$) 분무속도(0.5 ~ 0.9 mL/min) 및 분무압력(1.2 ~ 2.0 kg/$cm^2$)을 달리하여 나노캡슐(nanoencapsule)을 제조하고, 나노캡슐의 품질특성을 조사하여 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 나노캡슐의 예측된 수율의 최대값은 70.97 %로 수율은 유입공기온도, 분무속도 및 분무압력 에 의해 크게 영향을 받고 있었다. 시료의 입자크기는 유입공기온도가 높고 분무속도가 빠르며, 분무압력이 낮을수록 커지는 것으로 나타났고, 생리식염수에서 나노캡슐의 용출율은 모두 유입공기온도 및 분무속도에 의해서 가장 많은 영향을 받고 있었다. 수분함량은 분무 속도가 증가하고 분무압력이 높아질수록 증가하였고, 수분활성도는 수분함량과 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 기계적 색도인 L값과 b값은 유입공기온도가 높아질수록 증가하였다. 수율이 높고 입자크기가 작으며, 피부적합성 나노캡슐 제조의 최적조건은 유입공기온도 $67{\sim}73^{\circ}C$, 분무속도 0.6 ~ 0.8 mL/min 및 분무압력 1.8 ~ 2.0 kg/$cm^2$ 범위로 예측되었다. 이상의 예측범위 내의 임의의 점에서실제 실험한 실험치는 반응표면분석법에 의해 예측된 값과 유사한 경향을 보여 도출된 회귀식의 신뢰성을 검증할 수 있었다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2001

분지아미노산 생합성 과정에 관여하는 첫 번째 효소인 acetolactate synthase (ALS)를 대상으로 수행할 수 있도록 고효율 검색방법(High Throughput Screening, HTS)을 개발하였고, 이를 이용하여 식물특이적 효소 저해제로 알려진 107개의 기존 화합물 중에서 새로운 ALS 저해 화합물을 선발하였다. 기존의 방법과 비교할 경우 한사람이 1회 수행한다고 하면 8 배 효율이지만 연속적으로 수행한다고 할 경우 1/10 이하의 양, 동일한 재료의 적용, 측정 결과의 계산, enzyme kinetics 등을 감안하면 최소 100 배 이상의 효과를 얻을 수 있다. 새로운 ALS 저해제로 탐색된 화학물질은, ammooxyacetic acid, azelaic acid, citric acid, cyanuric fluoride, glyoxylic acid, itaconic acid, malonic acid, niclosamid, oxalic acid, 2-oxoglutaric acid, suramin 등이었다. 앞으로 이들을 기본 구조로 하여 신규 ALS 저해 제초제의 개발을 위한 유도체의 합성에 이용되었으면 한다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.115-121
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• 1997

To identify inhibitors of melanogenesis, we compared the effects of 5 compounds on mushroom tyrosinase, human melanocytic tyrosinase activity and melanin content. The cytotoxicyty of the components were also tested on cultured human melanoctes. Kojic acid showed marked inhibitory effect both on mushroom and human tyrosinase activity. This action of kijic acid is stronger than that of ascorbic acid. Arbutin inhibited human tyrosinase activity of cultured melanocytes although it had slightly inhibitory effect on mushroom tyrosinase activity. Azelaic acid had no effect on human tyrosinase activity. Melanin production was inhibited significantly by kojic acid and tranexamic acid. MTT assay showed that all of the compounds were non-cytotoxic to melanocytes at the concentrations tested. These results suggest that the effect of kojic acid on cultured meanocytes involve inhibition of tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis without affection the cell number.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.908-917
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• 2022

전신획득저항성(SAR)은 식물이 병원체 감염 이후 식물의 비감염 조직에서도 2차 감염에 대한 방어태세를 유지할 수 있는 광범위한 식물면역시스템이다. 지금까지 많은 연구를 통해 병원체 감염시 발생하는 SAR 유도인자 또는 모바일 신호들을 발견하였음에도 불구하고 SAR 초기 모바일 신호들은 명확하지 않다. 또한 SAR유도인자로 알려진 것들도 현재까지 수송경로가 명확하지 않다. 최근 연구에 따르면 SAR 모바일신호로 알려진 Azelaic acid (AzA)와 Glycerol-3-Phosphate (G3P)는 식물의 심플라스트 경로를 통해 원형질연락사를 통해 운송되는데 반하여Salicylic acid (SA)는 아포플라스트 경로를 통해 운송되는 것으로 여겨진다. 세포질 안에서 생성된 SA는 탈수소화는 원형질막의 양성자 구동력을 만들며 SA가 세포질에서 아포플라스트로 이동을 돕는 것으로 보인다. 뿐만 아니라 식물의 큐티클은 증산작용을 조절하여SA의 수송에 관여하는 것으로 여겨진다. 이러한 근거는 큐티클층이 결핍된 돌연변이 식물에서 SA의 축적이 비정상적으로 큐티클층에 존재하는 것을 통해 확인하였다. 이 논문에서는SAR에 관여하는 여러 신호인자들의 역할과 이들의 수송방법에 대해 논의한다.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.80-80
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• 2003

The use of skin whitening agents have been recently increased in various kinds of cosmetic products, although there were reports that whitening agents might cause allergic contact dermatitis. A murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) has been developed as an alternative to guinea pigs for contact sensitization potential. This study was carried out to investigate the skin sensitization potential of three whitening agents, kojic acid, arbutin, azelaic acid, by LLNA using a non-radioistopic endpoint.(omitted)

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2019

Bio-based polyester polyols were synthesized using esterification with azelaic acid, sebacic acid, and 1,3-propanediol. Polyurethanes were prepared using chain extenders (1,4-Butanediol, 1,3-Propanediol, and isosorbide) and 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate with a mixing ratio of 1:1:1.1. Subsequently, the properties of the polymers prepared using the different chain extenders were compared. The synthesis of polyurethane was confirmed by FT-IR, TGA, and GPC. The mechanical properties (hardness, ball rebound, and tensile strength) of the materials were analyzed using shore A tester, taber abrasion, and UTM. heat, chemical, and water resistances of the prepared materials were measured by comparing the tensile strengths according to external changes.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.97-97
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• 2022

The fruit of the Crataegus pinnatifida bunge has been known to have a role as a digestive stimulant, and is used for postpartum abdominal pain and women's menstrual pain. It is used for coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Ascorbic acid, hydroquinone, retinoids, alpha-hydroxy acids, kojic acid, azelaic acid have been used for cosmetic whitening and medical depigmentation. To determine whether Crataegus pinnatifida bunge fruit also has whitening and depigmentation effect, tyrosinase inhibition assay was performed with American Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge ethanol extracts, Korean Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge (Cra) ethanol extracts and Arbutin as a positive control as previously described by Korean FDA guideline. Korean Cra fruit ethanol extracts were 1.87 fold more inhibitory function to tyrosinase activity than American Cra in the experimental condition that inhibitory function to tyrosinase activity of Korean Cra Arbutin is 81.8% when compared to that of the standard control Arbutin as 100%. These results suggest that ethanol extracts of Crataegus pinnatifida bunge have significant whitening effects and may provide the basis for development of cosmetic whitening agent and medical depigmentation applications.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2003

The use of skin whitening agents has been recently increased in various kinds of cosmetic products, although there were some reports that whitening agents might cause allergic contact dermatitis. A murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) has been developed as an alternative to guinea pigs for contact sensitization potential. This study was carried out to investigate the skin sensitization potential of three whitening agents, arbutin, azelaic acid, and kojic acid, by LLNA using a non-radiois-topic endpoint. Female Balb/c mice were exposed topically to a weak allergen, $\alpha$-hexylcinnamalde-hyde (HCA), and three whitening agents following LLNA protocol. Lymph node (LN) weight and cell proliferation in ears and auricular lymph node using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry were evaluated. LN weights were significantly increased at the HCA group compared to the vehicle control. A weak allergen, HCA elicited 3-fold or greater increase in cell proliferation of lymph nodes as well as increase in cell proliferation of ear as measured by BrdU immunohistochemistry. However, in the case of skin whitening agent groups, there were no significant changes in LN weight and cell proliferation in the ear and lymph node of mice treated with 5, 10 and 20% of three whitening agents compared to the vehicle control. These results show that these three skin whitening agents may not have contact sensitization potentials at tested concentrations in Balb/c mice by LLNA.

• 셀메드
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.9.1-9.5
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• 2022

Acne vulgaris is a common dermatological condition affecting the pilosebaceous units and having a multifactorial etiology. In Unani terminology, acne vulgaris is referred as Busoor Labaniya, characterized by white lesions on the face, nose, and cheeks; on squeezing, release cheesy material. In conventional medicine, mild cases are best addressed with topical regimens, but more severe cases require systemic medications. Retinoids (retinoic acid, adapalene, isotretinoin, tazarotene), benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin, erythromycin, and azelaic acid are a few examples of topical medications, whereas systemic drugs include antibiotics (Doxycycline, minocycline, erythromycin, azithromycin). In the Unani System of Medicine, numerous single and compound drugs have been used to treat Busoor Labaniya. These drugs are considered harmless and do not have any major side effects. In Unani system of medicine, acne vulgaris is effectively managed with natural medicines as well as therapeutic regimens with minimal side effects even after long-term usage. Acne vulgaris is usually treated with systemic blood purifiers along with topical Unani drugs. Hence, clinical studies with proper scientific parameters are needed to be conducted to establish and validate their efficacy in the prevention and control of acne vulgaris.