• Advances in Traditional Medicine
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.81-85
• /
• 2008

In present study, total phenolic content of crude extract and antiradical activity of crude extract and different solvent fractions of Azadirachta indica were evaluated. Crude extract and most of the polar fractions showed higher radical scavenging activity. Among the crude extract and nine different fractions, the aqueous/methanol (3:1) fraction showed the highest activity.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.108-112
• /
• 1990

It was confirmed that extracts of some plants were used in folklore medicine as hypoglycemic agents. Of these plants is Azadirachta indica ("neem") which grows in tropical regions. The present study deals with biochemical effects of the "neem" leaf water extract given orally to experimental aminals, especially the hypoglycemic characteristics. Normals as well as alloxan diabetic rats have been used in this work. The results showed that the "neem" leaf extract produced some hypoglycemia in normal rats when given in two doses, while in diabetic rats there was a decrease in blood sugar, but it could not alleviate the diabetic in body weight loss and high percentage mortality, especially with a high dose. It was observed increased with concomitant decrease in the liver fat as compared to normal levels. There was also a drop in liver proteins which was dose-related. The results were compared wiht those obtained with an oral hypoglycemic drug (Glibenclamide).glycemic drug (Glibenclamide).

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.52 no.3
• /
• pp.281-294
• /
• 2008

synergistic action caused by iodide ions on the corrosion inhibition of aluminium (Al) in 0.5 M HCl in the presence of Azadirachta Indica (AZI) plant extract has been investigated using potintiodynamic polarization and impedance techniques. It is found that AZI extract inhibits the corrosion of aluminium in 0.5 M HCl. The inhibition efficiency increases with the increase in AZI extract concentration, until 24% v/v of AZI extract, then Inh.% is decreased with father increase in AZI extract concentration. The adsorption of this extract in the studied concentration is found to obey Frewendlish adsorption isotherm. The addition of iodide ions enhances the inhibition efficiency to a considerable extent. The increase in Inh.% values in presence of fixed concentration of iodide ions indicates that AZI extract forms an insoluble complex at lower AZI extract concentrations by undergoing a joint adsorption. But at higher concentrations of AZI extract, competitive adsorption is found between iodide ions and the formed complex leading to less Inh.%.The Inh.% decreased in presence of iodide ions with AZI extract than in presence of AZI extract alone at all studied iodide concentrations. The synergism parameter Sq is defined and calculated from surface coverage values. This parameter in the case of AZI extract is found to be more than unity, indicating that the enhanced inhibition efficiency caused by the addition of iodide ions.

• Advances in environmental research
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2014

Effect of automobile polluted soil with five soil concentration (0 (Control), 25, 50, 75 and 100%) was observed on early seedling growth performance and biomass production of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss). The treatment of 75% automobile polluted soil significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the seedling length (18.60 cm) of A. indica. The automobile polluted soil treatment with the concentration of 50% slightly increased the root length as compared to control. The automobile polluted soil treatment with the concentration of 25, 50, 75 and 100% negatively affected shoot length of A. indica as compared to control. The treatment of all concentration of automobile polluted soil progressively decreased the total leaf area A. indica as compared to control soil treatment. The automobile polluted soils also showed negative effects on biomass production of A. indica. The automobile polluted soil treatment at 25% concentration significantly (p < 0.05) affected shoot, leaves and seedling dry weight of A. indica as compared to control soil treatment. The order of relationship between production of A. indica's seedling dry weight and automobile polluted soil treatment was observed as root > shoot > leaves > total seedling.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.79-90
• /
• 2023

Natural goods, especially therapeutic plants, are abundant in the World. Because they have the ability to provide all humanity with countless advantages as a source of medicines, medicinal plants are presently receiving more attention than ever. These plants' therapeutic efficacy is based on bioactive phytochemical components that have clear physiological effects on the human body. The drying process is crucial for the preparation of plant materials prior to extraction since freshly harvested plant materials include active enzymes that create active components, intermediates, and metabolic processes. Many of the phytoconstituents may be extracted using the semi-polar solvent methanol. The goal of the current work is to use the GC-MS gas chromatography- mass spectrometry technology to identify the phytochemicals and review their biological activity. In methanol leaf extract, 5 phytocompounds were found in Ricinus communis, 5 phytocompounds in Pongamia pinnata, 12 phytocompounds in Datura metal, 7 phytocompounds in Azadirachta indica, 11 phytocompounds in Acalypha indica.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.121-129
• /
• 2003

Callus cultures of Azadirachta indica flower petals were established on MS medium supplemented with naphthalene acetic acid (1 mg/L), kinetin (0.5 mg/L) and sucrose $(3\%\;w/v)$. Cell cultures of Azadirachta indica were established and studied the growth and production kinetics. Half 85 medium supplemented with dicamba (2 mg/L), kinetin (1 mg/L) and sucrose $(3\%\;w/v)$ was found to be suitable for initiation and maintenance of cell cultures from the calli. MS medium supplemented with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (1 mg/L), kinetin (0.5 mg/L) and sucrose $(3\%\;w/v)$ was found to be suitable as production medium. Around $80\%\;(0.05\%\;w/v)$ of azadirachtin was found to be intracellular. The effect of various precursors, elicitors, permeabilizing agents and growth retardants in cell cultures was studied. The addition of precursors sodium acetate (10 mg/L), squalene (10 mg/L), isopentenyl pyrophosphate (1 mg/L) and geranyl pyrophosphate (1 mg/L) to the cell cultures on day 3 has shown significant increase in bioproduction of azadirachtin $(64.94{\pm}4.40\;mg/L,\;72.81{\pm}0.04\;mg/L,\;51.63{\pm}1.26\;mg/L\;and\;30.70{\pm}0.28\;mg/L\;respectively)$ over the control cultures $(4.70{\pm}0.27 mg/L)$. $5\%$ v/v cell extracts of Fusarium solani has shown moderate increase in the content of azadirachtin $(5.71{\pm}0.34\;mg/L)$ when compared to control cultures $(2.40{\pm}0.56\;mg/L)$. The addition of methyl jasmonate $(500\;{\mu}M/L)$ on day 3 has shown $\~4$ fold improvement in bioproduction of azadirachtln $(6.92{\pm}0.11\;mg/L)$ when compared to control cultures $(1.63{\pm}0.02\;mg/L)$. There was no significant effect of the studied growth retardants and permeabilizing agents on bioproduction of azadirachtin. Cells are cultivated in large volumes using the effective precursors.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.302-310
• /
• 2008

Azadirachta indica A. Juss (N.O. Meliaceae), popularly known, as 'Neem' is an indigenous tree widely available in India. Almost every part of the tree has long been used in Unani system of medicine for the treatment of a variety of human ailments. The flowers have been mentioned as a remedy useful in controlling diabetes mellitus. The present study had been designed to investigate the hypoglycemic/anti-hyperglycemic effects of the methanolic extract of the flowers of A. indica (Gule-Neem) and its different fractions on normal, glucose fed hyperglycemic, adrenaline induced hyperglycemic and alloxan induced diabetic rats. The methanolic extract was resolved into water soluble and water insoluble fractions. Water soluble portion of the methanolic extract was found to possess significant blood sugar lowering effect in glucose-fed and adrenaline-induced hyperglycemic rats but it did not show such effect in normal and alloxan induced mild and severe diabetic rats. Water-soluble portion was fractionated by employing the polarity criterion with ethyl acetate and butanol. The ethyl acetate fraction was further fractionated into phenolic and non-phenolic fractions. Hypoglycemic effect of these fractions was also evaluated. The results suggest that the flowers of A. indica contain at least two different constituents, responsible for the said activity. These investigations validate the use of flowers of A. indica in diabetes by Unani physicians.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.208-217
• /
• 2014

Leaf litter is the main and quick source of organic matter and nutrient to the soil compared to other parts of litter. This study focused on the nutrients (N, P and K) leaching from leaf litter of Melia azadirachta, Azadirachta indica, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Swietenia macrophylla, Mangifera indica, Zizyphus jujuba, Litchi chinensis, Albizia saman, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Acacia auriculiformis, Dalbergia sissoo and Khaya anthotheca as the common cropland agroforest tree species of Bangladesh. About (9 to 35) % of initial mass was lost, while Electric Conductivity (EC) and TDS (Total Dissolved Solid) of leaching water increased to (573 to 3,247) ${\mu}S/cm$ and (401 to 2,307) mg/l respectively after 192 hours of leaching process. Mass loss (%) of leaf litter, EC and TDS of leaching water showed significant (ANOVA, p<0.05) curvilinear relationship with leaching time. Initial concentration of NH4, PO4 and K in leaching water was found to increase significantly (p<0.05) up to 48/72 hours and then remained almost constant at later stages (48/72 to 192 hours). Mass loss of leaves; EC, TDS, $NH_4$, $PO_4$ and K in leaching water was varied also significantly (ANOVA, p<0.05) among the studied tree species. All the tree species showed similar pattern of nutrients (K>N>P) release during the leaching process. The highest $NH_4$ (4,097 ppm) and potassium (8,904 ppm) concentration was found for M. azadirachta while the highest $PO_4$ (1,331 ppm) concentration was found for E. camaldulensis in the leaching water. Among the studied tree species, M. azadirachta, A. indica, D. sissoo, E. camaldulensis and Z. jujuba was selected as the best tree species with respect to nutrient leaching.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.195-196
• /
• 2008

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.380-381
• /
• 2008