• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.101-104
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• 1995

The experiment was conducted to identify the optimal in vitro propagation condition for P. lactiflora Pall. Through apical shoot tip and axillary shoot tip culture of winter bud. When apical shoot tip and axillary shoot tips excised from winter bud were cultured on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of plant growth regulators, all the apical shoot tips elongated regardless of the composition of the medium but axillary shoot tips responded differently. Shoot of 'Uisong' local cultivate was well elongated in the medium containing 0.01mg/L NAA. Frequency of shoot formation and subsequent shoot growth in axillary shoot tip culture were promoted in the medium containing 0.01 mg/L NAA and 5.0mg/L zeatin. 30% of the elongated shoots were vigorously rooted on the medium containing 0.1mg/L NAA with vermiculite as a support medium.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.77 no.4
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• pp.445-452
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• 1988

This study was conducted to establish practical micropropagation of jujube cultivars ('Geumsumg', 'Bokjo') by axillary bud culture. The results are summerized as follows : 1. Addition of activated charcoal to half-strength Murashige and Skoog(MS) medium supplemented with 0.5mg/l benzylaminopurine(BAP) enhanced shoot and root growth. At 500mg/l activated charcoal level 'Geumsung' showed best result, and shoot length and the number of multiple shoot were 6.4cm and 10.0, respectively. At 1,000mg/l activated charcoal level 'Bokjo showed best result, and shoot length and the number of multiple shoot were 7.5cm and 12.4, respectively. 2. As indole-3-butyric acid(IBA) concentration increased, rooting and callus growth of microshoot were enhanced. The optimum IBA concentration for shoot elongation and multiplication was 1.0mg/l. 3. Growth responses of shoot-tip and axillary bud segments between two jujube cultivars were different. 'Geumsung' showed that axillary bud explants were about twice better than shoot-tip explants for shoot multiplication, but 'Bokjo' showed that shoot-tip explants mere better than axillary bud explants for shoot elongation and multiplication. 4. In acclimatization processes of plantlets produced in vitro, the survival of plantlets with only root primordia in soil medium was better than that of plantlets with several routs resulting in 97.8%. 5. In cutting of in vitro-derived microshoot, paclobutrazol was more effective than IBA, naphth-aleneacetic acid(NAA) and $Rooton^{(R)}$ in rooting and root growth.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.39-44
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• 2010

An efficient method for the rapid propagation of Smilax china from axillary buds was established. Plants with thick leafage were selected from Korea native S. china population. Axillary buds of S. china collected from selected plant and were cultured in various culture media (2MS, MS, 1/2MS, WPM, B5 and SH medium). Shoot was induced from axillary bud on MS basal medium after 4 weeks of culture. 1/2MS medium showed a higher growth rate than those of the others, while the lowest shoot growth was obtained in 2MS medium. Among the sucrose concentrations, 5% sucrose was the optimum level for shoots growth from axillay buds. Among cytokinins, $0.5mgL^{-1}$ 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) treatment showed the best performance on shoot multiplication, yielding average shoot multiplication forming about 2.4. Rooting was induced directly near the base of the shoot on 1/2MS medium containing with three-auxins ${\alpha}-napthalene$ acetic acid (NAA), indole acetic acid (IAA) and ${\beta}-indolebutyric$ acid (IBA) (0.5 and $1.0mgL^{-1}$). The $1.0mgL^{-1}$ IBA treatments induced earliest rooting with maximum of root number and root growth. These rooted plantlets were successfully transferred to pots for 4 weeks hardening process, and were transferred to soil with above 90% survival rate.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.193-197
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• 1982

1t is well known that the stem is filed with shoot units in the rice plant and each internode bears several crown roots. But it has not yet been ascertained that what controls the differential elongation of the crown roots in the same internode. Thereupon, author had been carried out this experiment to ascertain what controls the elongation of the crown roots in the same internode, especially on the conception of sink-source by leaf-cutting method. Generally, one shoot unit has two important sinks: one axillary bud (tiller) and several crown roots. When we removed the axillary bud, namely shoot unit has one sink: several crown roots, the crown roots formed near the midvein (source) were longer than the crown roots born near the axillary bud. And when the shoot unit has two sinks: one axillary bud and several crown roots, the other way, the crown roots formed at the prophyll unit of the tiller were longest, and the crown roots formed near the midvein were shortest and the crown roots born the near the tiller showed interim length. Juding from the present results, we can suppose that, when shoot unit has two sinks, axillary bud is superior sink than the crown roots. So that axillary bud grows faster than crown roots and tiller becomes a new source. Therefore the crown roots which formed at the new source and the crown roots born the near the new source are longer than others.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.438-443
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• 2016

The in vitro propagation of the commercially important Phalaeonopsis hybrid 'Little gem' was achieved by culturing the apical part and axillary buds excised from flower stalks. The explants were cultured on 5 different basal media: $3.0{\cdot}L^{-1}$ Hyponex and $4.0{\cdot}L^{-1}$ peptone ($H_3P_4$) and Murashige & Skoog (MS) media were shown to be suitable for shoot regeneration. The MS medium supplemented with $5.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) was found to be more efficient for shoot regeneration. However, the number of shoots induced by axillary buds was higher than that induced by the apical part. Incubation of the apical part under darkness for one week, as well as of the explants in the same medium with activated charcoal (AC) $0.5g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ promoted shoot regeneration and shoot growth; similar growth was not observed with axillary buds.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.401-408
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• 1984

This study was conducted to determine the optimum concentrations of growth regulators and their responses on the clonal propagation in axillary bud culture. Cultivars, Hongmi and Shinmi, responded differently to the levels of growth regulators, proliferation rate and shoot growth. The shoot and root of Hongmi cultivar in axillary bud culture were conspicuously induced by combination of NAA(0.1mg/l) and Kinetin(1mg/l) while Shinmi cultivar were affected by the single concentration of Kinetin(1mg/l) and BA(0.1mg/l), and also by the combination of NAA(0.1mg/l) and Kinetin(1mg/l). Better shoot growth and root initiation were obtained in the combination of NAA(0.1mg/l) and Kinetin(1mg/l) regardless of cultivars used when 5mm axillary buds were cultured. The shoots regenerated at the high levels of BA(1-5mg/l) were abnormally thicker and narrower leaves than normal plants and short in shoot height. Frequencies of abnormal plants were higher than that of the low level (0.1mg/l) of BA.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.333-340
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• 2009

Developmental anomalies in the plumule meristem of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) somatic embryos resulted in poor shoot differentiation and reduced plant recovery. Existing meristems with caulogenic potential have never been tested for embryogenesis in peanut. The present experiment was designed to test the mature zygotic embryo axis derived plumule with three meristems for somatic embryogenesis. Embryogenic masses and embryos developed from the caulogenic meristems in the axils. Exposure of 2 weeks in primary medium with $90.5{\mu}M$ 2,4-D suppressed the shoot tip differentiation temporarily which then regained the ability to form the shoot on withdrawal of 2,4-D. Exposure of 4 weeks in primary medium with $90.5{\mu}M$ 2,4-D suppressed the shoot tip differentiation irreversibly. No shoot formation was noted from the tips in any of the cultures which were in secondary medium with $13.6{\mu}M$ 2,4-D. Development of somatic embryos directly from axillary meristems was confirmed histologically. Conversion frequency of these embryos was 11%. Thus, in this report, we describe a method to obtain somatic embryos from the determined organogenic buds of the axillary meristem, by culturing the nodal explant vertically on embryo induction medium. It also displays the possibility of obtaining both embryogenic and organogenic potential in two parts of the same explant simultaneously. The possibility of extending this approach for genetic transformation in in vivo system through direct DNA delivery or Agrobacterium injection in meristems can also be explored. Using Agrobacterium rhizogenes, we have demonstrated the possibility of gene transfer in the axillary meristems of seed-derived plumule explant.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.228-234
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• 2015

Using either the apical or axillary bud of the endangered species Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai, we tested the effect of bud position and culture method on shoot proliferation and rooting. In shoot proliferation, the axillary bud explant was more effective than the apical bud and the effect was fostered by BA treatment, whereas no differences were observed in shoot elongation by the explant position. Spontaneous rooting was observed in the MS basal medium and resulted in conspicuous differences in the explant position : more than 80% in apical bud explant and 28% in axillary bud explant was achieved, respectively. The positional effects were also observed in BA pre-treatments: generally vertical culture method appeared to be better in shoot proliferation, growth, and rooting than that of the horizontal culture method regardless of the BA pre-treatment duration. The highest shoot multiplication was achieved through the vertical culture method with axillary bud explant, whereas the best shoot elongation and rooting was obtained using the vertical culture method with the apical bud explant. Apical bud explant was superior to axillary bud explant in ex vitro micro-cuttings and revealed a significant difference in shoot growth and root development. The above results suggest that explant position and culture method influence the efficiency of micropropagation for a rare and endangered plant Abeliophyllum distichum.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.385-391
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• 2006

In vitro-grown axillary buds of Melia aredarach were successfully cryopreserved by vitrification. On the MS medium supplemented with BA 1 mg/L, multiple shoots were developed within $4{\sim}5$ weeks. Plantlets of Melia azedarach were cold-hardened at $10^{\circ}C$ for a 16-hr photo-period for 6 weeks. Excised axillary shoot-tips from hardened plantlets were precultured on a solidified Murashige & Skoog agar medium (MS) supplemented with 0.7 M sucrose for 1 day at $25^{\circ}C$. Axillary shoot-tip meristems wert dehydrated using a highly concentrated vitrification solution (PVS2) for 60 min at $0^{\circ}C$ prior to a direct plunge into liquid nitrogen (LN). The PVS2 vitrification solution consisted of 30% glycerol (w/v), 15% ethylene glycol (w/v), 15% DMSO (w/v) in MS medium containing 0.4M sucrose. After short-term warming in a water bath at $40^{\circ}C$, the meristems were transferred into 2 ml of MS medium containing 1.2M sucrose for 15 min and then planted on solidified MS culture medium. Successfully vitrified and warmed meristems resumed growth within 2 weeks and directly developed shoots without intermediary callus formation. The survival rate of cold-hardened plantlets for 3 and 4 weeks was 90%. We did not find any difference in PCR-band patterns between control and cryopreserved plants. This method appears to be a promising technique for cryopreserving axillary shoot-tips from in vitro-grown plantlets of Medicinal plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

This study was conducted to establish mass propagation system from the axillary bud culture of chrysanthemum zawadskii H. which was used as material of medicinal plants. Shoot egeneration was better on MS medium with NAA and BA. The optimum concentraions of growth regulator for shoot regeneration differed depending on accessionsof C. Zawadskii. Shoot regeneration in Keungucheolcho was better on MS Medium with NAA 0.01mg/1 and BA 0.1mg/1 while Hyangrobonggucheocho was better with NAA 0.1mg/1and BA 0.3mg/1. Addition of NAA into medium was effective for induction of root from shoots regenerated. Shoot multiplcation was more effective when 10mg/1 spermine was added into medium than when other polyamines were treated ino medium . Randomly and specifically amplified polymorphic DAC banding patterns based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis were used to assess the genetic variation of plants regenerated from in vitro culture.