• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2007

Rotary stages in semiconductor, display industry and many other fields require challenging accuracy to perform their functions properly. Especially, Axis of rotation error on rotary system is significant; such as the spindle error motion of the aligner, wire bonder and inspector machine which result in the poor quality products. To evaluate and improve the performance of such precision rotary stage, undesired movements on the other 5 degrees of freedom of the rotary stage must be measured and analyzed. In this paper, we have measured the three translations and two tilt motions of the worm gear type spindle with high precision capacitive sensors. To obtain the radial error motion, we have used Donaldson's reversal technique. And the axial components of the spindle tilt error motion can be obtained accurately from the axial direction outputs of sensors by Estler face motion reversal technique. Further more we have designed and developed the sensor mounting jig with standard cylinder for reversal method.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.449-457
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 FSI(Fluid-Structure Interaction)기법을 이용하여 인체 회전의 영향을 고려한 혈류와 혈관벽의 거동을 이해하기 위한 수치해석을 수행하였다. 혈관은 협착률이 50%이고 편심이 없는 형상이며 인체 회전 효과를 묘사하기 위하여 혈관 주축에 대해 2 ~ 6 rps 의 회전을 가하였다. 협착과 축 회전의 영향으로 나선형, 비대칭 유동이 강체와 FSI 모델에서 모두 나타났다. 그러나 FSI 모델에서 혈관벽 움직임의 영향으로 혈류의 주기적, 과도적 차이가 발생했다. 특히 혈관 내 경화반의 진전과 경화반 위험성을 나타내는 대표적인 인자로 알려진 유동 재순환 영역이 감소하였다. 혈관벽의 움직임은 협착과 회전효과와 마찬가지로 유동 재순환 영역의 생성에 영향을 미친다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.78-85
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• 1982

정상상태의 플라즈마의 이론적 해석을 통해서 플라즈마의 회전과 동위원소 분리기로서의 적합성을 분석하였다. 이 장치는 두개의 동심원통형 전극과 이들 사이의 원통형 공동으로 구성되었으며, 축 방향으로 외부자장이 걸려 있다. 두 전극사이에 생성되는 전류밀도는 전기방전의 형태로 동위원소 혼합물로부터 플라즈마를 생성하고, 자장과 교차되어 발생하는 Lorentz힘에 의해서 플라즈마를 회전시킨다. 자기 유체역학 방정식을 바탕으로 이 계를 설명하는 두개의 연립편미분방정식을 얻었고, 네 경계조건을 사용하여 Fourier-Bessel로 표현된 이차원적 전류밀도와 속도분포의 해를 얻었다. 실제로 가능한 조건하에서 플라즈마 회전속도는 $10^4$m/sec 정도에 달하고, Hartmann수가 커짐에 따라 플라즈마회전 속도도 커진다. 이 같은 고속의 회전속도를 감안해 볼때 플라즈마 원심분리기는 기계적으로 회전되는 가스원심분리기보다 훨씬 높은 효율을 가지게 될 것이다.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.546-550
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• 2008

In this study, 3-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis was induced to simulate air flow and particle motion in the axial flow cyclone separator. The commercialized CFD code FLUENT was used to visualize pressure drop and particle collection efficiency inside the cyclone. We simulated 4 cyclone models with different shape of vane, such as turning angle or shape of cross section. For the air flow simulation, we calculated the flow field using standard ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence viscous model. Each model was simulated with different inlet or outlet boundary conditions. Our major concern for the flow filed simulation was pressure drop across the cyclone. For the particle trajectory simulation, we adopted Euler-Lagrangian approach to track particle motion from inlet to outlet of the cyclone. Particle collection efficiencies of various conditions are calculated by number based collection efficiency. The result showed that the rotation angle of the vane plays major roll to the pressure drop. But the smaller rotation angle of vane causes particle collection efficiency difference with different inlet position.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제49권8호
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• pp.699-708
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 제자리 비행하는 동축반전 로터의 설계 파라미터인 상하부 로터의 축 간격에 따른 공력 특성 및 공력소음 특성에 관해 전산유체해석을 통해 분석하였다. Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes 방정식을 사용하여 공력 해석을 진행하였으며 공력소음 해석 시에 Ffowcs Williams ans Hawkings 방정식을 사용하여 공력 특성 및 공력소음 특성을 비교하였다. 동축반전 로터는 회전에 의해 상하부 로터가 다른 각도를 가지며, 위상이 주기적으로 변하는 비정상 특성을 가진다. 상하부 로터의 간격이 증가함에 따라 유동 상호간섭이 감소하여 추력 및 토크의 공기역학적인 효율이 증가함을 확인하였다. 공력소음 관점에서 회전 평면 방향으로 방사하는 소음 특성은 축 간격에 의한 영향이 미미하게 나타났다. 로터 수직 아래 방향으로 주파수가 증가함에 따라 음압이 감쇄하지 않고 크기가 유지되어 전체 음압 수준을 증가시킨다. 동축반전 로터의 축 간격이 증가함에 따라 유동의 비정상 특성이 감소하여 전체 음압 수준이 크게 감소함을 확인하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.103-113
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• 1990

The role of cervical proprioceptors in the control of body posture was studied in bilaterally labyrinth-ectomized, decerebrate cats. The animals were suspended on hip pins with the neck extended horizontally. With this placement the EMG activities of extensor and flexor muscles of the upper extremities were observed by means of sinusoidal head rotator. The rotator can induce two kinds of neck movement: The one is 'pitch' which describes a rotatory neck motion to transverse axis of the body and mainly occurs at skull-C1 (atlantooccipital) joint and the other is 'roll', side-to-side relation of the neck to longitudinal axis, whose center is C1-C2 (atlanto-axial) joint. The following results were obtained. 1) Responses of EMG activity were closely dependent on the rotatory range of the neck. And the EMG activity was not changed during sustained neck torsion, eliciting a typical tonic neck reflex. 2) On pitching movement, the head-up rotation produced the excitation of bilateral triceps muscles, whereas the head-down rotation produced the inhibition. And the response of bilateral biceps muscles was the opposite to that of triceps. 3) On rolling movement, the side-up rotation of the head produced the excitation of ipsilateral triceps muscles and the inhibition of contralateral ones. And the response of biceps muscles was the opposite to that of triceps. 4) The minimum requirement of motion to evoke EMG activities in the upper extremities was $3.2^{\circ}{\sim}12.5^{\circ}$. These results have shown that the cervical proprioceptors produce tonic discharge on the upper brachial muscles, regulate the EMG activities of those muscles, and are very sensitive to neck rotation. And it can be stated that the cervical proprioceptors may play an important role in the control of body posture and movement.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.803-808
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• 2006

This paper was a study about noise reduction through flow stabilization in duel using experimental method and numerical analysis at the same time. To determine the fan's type three kinds of fans(axial fan, centrifugal fan, and axial fan with centrifugal type) was examined to investigate the suitability for duct. As a result, under the equal number of rotation 2000 RPM, performance of an axial fan with centrifugal type was the most superior by 55dBA at 4.3CMM among other fans. After this, analyzed the results of the numerical analysis to find out the optimum design of pitch angle such as $0^{\circ},\;10^{\circ},\;15^{\circ}\;and\;20^{\circ}$. The intensity of turbulence was low when pitch angle was $15^{\circ}$ and air volume became peak by 5.08 CMM. It was observed that axis component of velocity increased gradually when pitch angle increased from $0^{\circ}\;to\;20^{\circ}$. Finally, designed the shapes of D/S(Down Stream) in duct that agreed inlet angle($\delta$) of stationary blades with pitch angle($\beta$) of axial fan with centrifugal type and derived flow to duct medial, and changed the shape of motor-mount to reduce occurance of unstable vortex in tip of impeller, and embodied noise reduction and improvement of air flow rate through flow stabilization.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.92-99
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• 2021

An automatic transmission, which consists of several decks of planetary gear sets, provides multiple speed and torque ratios by actuating brakes and clutches (mechanical friction components) for connecting central members of the planetary gear sets. The gear set consists of the sun gear, the ring gear, and the carrier supporting multiple planet gears with pin shafts. In designing a new automatic transmission, there are many steps to design and analyze: gears, brakes and clutches, shafts, and other mechanical components. Among them, selecting thrust bearings that not only allow the relative rotation of the central members and other mechanical components but also support axial forces coming from them is important; doing so yields superior driving performance and better fuel efficiency. In selecting thrust bearings, the magnitude of axial forces on them is a critical factor that affects their bearing size and performance; its results are systematically related to the direction of the helical angle of each planetary gear set (a geometric design profile). This research presents the effects of the helical angle direction on the axial forces acting on thrust bearings in an automatic transmission consisting of planetary gear sets. A model transmission was built by analyzing kinematics and power flows and by designing planetary gear sets. The results of the axial forces on thrust bearings were analyzed for all combinations of helix angle directions of the planetary gear sets.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -2
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• pp.723-726
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• 2002

This paper describes the design, fabrication, and measurement of a sequential-rotation microstrip-array antenna for the Electronic Toll Collection System (ETCS). The ETCS is made possible by using roadside equipment with radiation pattern that can accurately pinpoint the designated communication area, without interference from other lanes. The sequential-rotation microstrip-array antenna was applied to the absorber to reduce the side lobe level (SLL). Results showed that the antenna yields a return loss at a center frequency of -20.675 dB, an axial ratio of 1.15 dB, and a gain of 20.26 dBi.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1987

Testes from the allied rock wallaby(Petrogale assimilus) have been examined by the electron microscopy in thin sections in order to examine spermiogenesis and structure of spermatozoa. The spermiogenesis can be divided into nine stages: early Golgi, late Golgi, collapsing, nuclear protrusion, condensation and flattening, nuclear shaping, rotation, nuclear ring contraction, and maturation. The acrosome has been abruptly formed following the collapse of expanded acrosomal vesicle without the cap stage described in the eutheria. The flatly condensed nucleus rotates obliquely to the axis of the axial filament complex and the folded acrosome covers the anterior third of the dorsal nuclear surface forming a wide subacrosormal space as the nuclear ring has contracted. The Sertoli cell reaction and spur are prominent during the nuclear protrusion and rotation stages. A mature spermatozoon has S-shape head which has an extended part reaching to the vicinity of the middle piece.