• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.33-33
• /
• 2022

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a widely studied domesticated model plant. Seed awning is an unfavorable trait during rice harvesting and processing. Hence, awn was one of the target characters selected during domestication. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying awn development in rice are not well understood. In this study, we analyzed the genes for awn development using a mapping population derived from a cross between the Korean indica cultivar 'Milyang23' and NIL4/9 (derived from a cross between 'Hwaseong' and O. minuta). Two quantitative trait loci (QTLs), qAwn4 and qAwn9 were mapped on chromosome 4 and 9, respectively, increased awn length in an additive manner. Through comparative sequencing analyses parental lines, LABA1 was determined as the causal gene underlying qAwn4. qAwn9 was mapped to a 199-kb physical region between markers RM24663 and RM24679. Within this interval, 27 annotated genes were identified, and five genes, including a basic leucine zipper transcription factor 76 (OsbZIP76), were considered candidate genes for qAwn9 based on their functional annotations and sequence variations. Haplotype analysis using the candidate genes revealed tropical japonica specific sequence variants in the qAwn9 region, which partly explains the non-detection of qAwn9 in previous studies that used progenies from interspecific crosses. This provides further evidence that OsbZIP76 is possibly a causal gene for qAwn9. The O. minuta qAwn9 allele was identified as a major QTL associated with awn development in rice, providing an important molecular target for basic genetic research and domestication studies. Our results lay the foundation for further cloning of the awn gene underlying qAwn9.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.77-85
• /
• 1996

쌀보리의 이삭에 관한 기초자료를 얻고자 우리나라에서 육성한 쌀보리의 품종을 공시하여 소수위치에 따른 망의 길이와 무게, 입중 등을 조사한 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 이삭의 정단부로부터 3∼5번째 소수가 망장 및 망중의 평균치와, 2∼4번째 소수가 입중의 평균치와 각각 일치하였다. 2. 이삭의 기부로부터 3∼4번째 소수의 망이 가장 길고 무거웠으며 5∼6번째 소수의 입중이 가장 무거웠다. 3. 측열 소수는 중앙열 소수에 비하여 망장은 13∼26%, 망중은 26∼41%, 입중은 18∼25% 적은 값을 보였다. nami형 품종은 uzu형 품종에 비하여 중앙열과 측열간 망장, 망중 차이가 적었다. 4. 망중/망장 비로 볼 때 uzu형 품종은 nami형 품종보다, 그리고 중앙열은 측열보다 망이 더 굵었다. 5. 이삭을 3등분하였을 때 망장, 망중은 하부와 중앙부 차이가 없었으나 상부보다는 길고 무거웠다. 입중은 상부가 항상 가벼웠고 중앙부는 하부보다 무겁거나 같았다. 6. 망중이 무거운 소술일수록 입중이 무거웠다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.59-65
• /
• 1997

In this experiment, gene actions were analysized for seven barley parents in order to obtain basic information on their genetic improvement by diallel crosses. The results obtained were summarized as follows. In analysis of variance, additive, dominant, maternal and reciprocal effects were observed significantly for culm length, tiller number, number of spiked per plant, culm diameter, awn length, leaf width, number of grains per spike, and 1000 grain weight. Over-dominance was shown by Vr-Wr graphic analysis in five characters such as tiller number, number of spikes per plant, length of flag leaf, number of grains per spike, and 1000 grain weight, and partial dominance in four characters such as culm length, culm diameter, awn length, and leaf width. Component of genetic varience analyzed for four characters such as culm diameter, awn length, length of flag leaf, and leaf width showed that additive effects were higher than dominant effects. Culm length, tiller number, number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike, and 1000 grain weight showed dominant effects higher than additive effects. The narrow-sense heritability for awn length, leaf width, and number of grains per spike showed high values as more than 0.62, while broad-sense heritability for culm length, number of spikes per plant, culm diameter, awn length, leaf width, number of grains per spike, and 1000 grain weight showed high values as more than 0.65.

• Plant Resources
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.98-101
• /
• 2003

Colored apiculus, awn, and long empty glume are indicators of wildness and are usually eliminated during rice domestication. Genetic analysis was conducted to clarify the inheritance patterns of awn, apiculus color, and long empty glume in Korean rice collection. Based on individual characterization of F$_2$ progenies derived from crosses between parents with colorless and purple apiculus, two (3 colored: 1 colorless) or three dominant genes (9 purple: 3 red: 4 colorless) are estimated as controlling this character by simultaneous complementary action. Different inheritance systems were detected between S237 and S245 of 'Shareibyeo' which belong to the weedy type. To determine the genes responsible in awning and long empty glume characters, the inheritance of landrace varieties of rice ('Naengdo' and 'Yuna') was investigated. In the crosses of awned land race and awnless cultivar, three dominant genes are supposed to control the awning genetic system by 63 awned: 1 awnless individual. As for long empty glume, one recessive gene, g-l on the chromosome 4, was the one controlling the segregation ratio of 3 normal empty: 1 long empty glume. By analyzing the Korean rice collection, the inheritance systems of these wild characters may lead to a better understanding of rice domestication in the future.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.121-130
• /
• 2002

Compare to investigate the taxonomic utility of infragenera system and interspecific of Asian Geranium, we examined the fruit and seed morphology from 35 taxa. The fruit shape and seed's dispersal way did so that may divide subgenus or some part section to do could reason evolutionary trends. That is, at seed dispersal, the awns of section Geranium of subgenus Geranium, ramains attached at the top of rostrum, though fairy easily broken off, because seed increases awn's elasticity by diffusive way, it is long characteristic seed\`s dispersal distance, and subgenus Robertium observed that seed dispersal distance is short because it is no awn's elasticity by way that seed dispersal is gone as awn drops with rostrum. Also, section Geranium of subgenus Geranium and subgenus Robertium act role that awn keeps temporarily breed swerving with mericarp instead of bristle because section Tuberosa of subgenus Geranium is not bristled function that keep temporarily breed because mericarp bristled on base at seed dispersal do while. Therefore, is thought that is talon that when consider formation's development and function regarding this seed dispersal function, subgenus Geraniuum evolves more than subgenus Robertium. Seed morphology can divide by 2 subgenera(Geranium, Robertium) according to pattern of seed coat. and Seed's morphology characteristic(whole shape, color, form of seed apical and base, micropyle area, hilum area, chalaza, and position of seed hilum area), can distinguish some species, but is thought that is not reasonable as for discernment characteristic form and nature by repetition of characteristic form and nature. Especially, infrasection do in fruit and seed's morphology that is handling in this research that know to argue classification system and relationship by repetition of characteristic form and nature difficult. To all reliable truth, cytological, ecological, embryology, and molecular genetics research about talon is considered that should be achieved section Geranium that do not handle yet.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.29-33
• /
• 2003

맥주보리의 양적형질에 대한 유전정보를 얻고자 7개 품종으로 이면교배하여 $F_1$ 세대에 대한 유전자의 분포상태 분산성분.유전력 등을 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 공시된 품종집단에 대한 $F_1$ 세대의 우성정도를 Vr-Wr graph상에서 볼 때 간장.수장.망장.곡립장.1수립수 등은 초우성으로 유전되었고 경직경.곡립폭 1000립중은 불완전우성으로 유전되었다. 각 형질에 대한 분산분석 결과에서 상가적효과, 우성효과, 모본효과, 정역간의 효과는 간장.수장.망장.경직경.곡립장.곡립폭.1수립수.1000립중 등에서 모두 유의하였다. 유전 분산성분에서 간장.수장.망장.경직경.곡립장.곡립폭.1수립수.1000립중은 우성효과가 상가효과보다 컸다. 협의의 유전력은 수장이 40.06%로서 높았다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.216-224
• /
• 2010

RAM 기반 신경망은 빠른 처리 속도와 하드웨어 구현의 용이성 등의 장점을 가지고 있지만 반면에 메모리의 포화 문제, 반복학습, 일반화 패턴 추출의 어려움 등의 단점도 가지고 있다. 이런 단점을 극복하기 위해 누적 다중 판별자를 가지는 3차원 뉴로 시스템(3DNS) 등이 제안되었지만 메모리 포화 문제는 해결하지는 못하였다. 본 논문에서는 메모리 포화 문제를 해결하기 위하여 적응적 가중치를 가지는 AWN (Adaptive Weight Neuron)을 사용한 적응적 가중치 누적 신경망(AWCNN)을 제안한다. 제안된 모델은 AWN으로 3DNS을 개선하여 인식률과 메모리 포화 문제 해결을 향상하였다. 제안된 시스템의 평가는 전처리 과정 없이 NIST의 MNIST에서 제공하는 자료를 이용하여 실험하였다. AWCNN은 3DNS보다 1.5%이상의 향상된 인식률을 보였고 일반화 패턴을 이용한 인식에서는 모든 입력 패턴의 교육된 것과 비슷한 성능을 얻었다.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제51권6호
• /
• pp.544-553
• /
• 2006

In order to assess antioxidant capacity in relation to seed traits of rice (Oryza sativa L.), ninety-six varieties were examined for antioxidative activity of brown rice grain using superoxide dismutase (SOD), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assays. Overall, average total activities measured by the three methods were of very wide range between 64% and 13%. Significant differences were noted depending on the variety and evaluation method. Rice varieties with foreign origin, middle maturity, colored hulls, and colorless awn exhibited statistically significant higher total activity. As for the measurements, total activity was significantly correlated with SOD (r=0.29***), DPPH (r=0.80***) and TBA (r=0.76***). Between the three activities, SOD was not positively correlated with DPPH (r=0.15*), while TBA was significantly correlated with DPPH value (r=0.51***). DPPH (55.20%) and TBA (50.36%) were significantly higher in foreign rice, while SOD activity (44.29%) was significantly higher in domestic rice. However, an average total activity was significantly higher in foreign rice (47.31%) than in domestic rice (35.92%). SOD, DPPH and TBA activities of middle maturity in maturity time were the highest total activity (44.96%) and significantly differed from the other two groups. Total activity was significantly higher in rice with a colorless awn (42.18%) than with a colored awn (35.87%).

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.193-202
• /
• 2008

국내 보리 소비가 급격히 감소하면서 재배 면적도 줄어들어 겨울철 논을 이용한 보리 재배 농가의 대체 소득원이 보리를 활용한 조사료 생산이다. 경지이용률 제고와 양질의 조사료 공급은 국내 축산 농가의 국제경쟁력을 올릴 수 있어 최근 청보리의 생산은 현저히 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 총체사료용 청보리는 식용보리에 비하여 전체적인 건물수량성이 높아야 하고 가축이 먹기에 좋도록 형태적으로도 개선되어야 한다. 그 동안 개발된 총체사료용 청보리는 벼와의 작부체계에 알맞도록 조숙이면서 건물수량이 ha당 10$\sim$12톤 (생체수량 평균 33톤/ha)을 보이는 영양, 선우, 상원, 소만 등을 개발하였으며, 가축의 기호성이 좋도록 거친 까락을 매끈망으로 개선한 우호, 까락이 퇴화한 삼차망 보리 유연과 줄기에 잎귀를 없애서 부드럽게 만든 다미 등 초형을 개선하였다. 이러한 사료 전용 청보리 품종들은 사료가치도 우수한 것으로 평가되어 육종적으로 개선한 각 품종들의 고유 생육특성을 중심으로 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 1989년도 하계 학술대회지
• /
• pp.46-47
• /
• 1989