• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.289-307
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• 2021

Avulsion injuries result from the application of a tensile force to a musculoskeletal unit or ligament. Although injuries tend to occur more commonly in skeletally immature populations due to the weakness of their apophysis, adults may also be subject to avulsion fractures, particularly those with osteoporotic bones. The most common sites of avulsion injuries in adolescents and children are apophyses of the pelvis and knee. In adults, avulsion injuries commonly occur within the tendon due to underlying degeneration or tendinosis. However, any location can be involved in avulsion injuries. Radiography is the first imaging modality to diagnose avulsion injury, although advanced imaging modalities are occasionally required to identify subtle lesions or to fully delineate the extent of the injury. Ultrasonography has a high spatial resolution with a dynamic assessment potential and allows the comparison of a bone avulsion with the opposite side. Computed tomography is more sensitive for depicting a tiny osseous fragment located adjacent to the expected attachment site of a ligament, tendon, or capsule. Moreover, magnetic resonance imaging is the best imaging modality for the evaluation of soft tissue abnormalities, especially the affected muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Acute avulsion injuries usually manifest as avulsed bone fragments. In contrast, chronic injuries can easily mimic other disease processes, such as infections or neoplasms. Therefore, recognizing the vulnerable sites and characteristic imaging features of avulsion fractures would be helpful in ensuring accurate diagnosis and appropriate patient management. To this end, familiarity with musculoskeletal anatomy and mechanism of injury is necessary.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.216-221
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• 2006

Avulsion of the triceps brachii is an uncommon injury. The usual mechanism of injury is fall onto an outstretched hand but can occur after direct contact injuries. Diagnosis is critical and dependent on history, physical examination, and radiological findings. Rupture of triceps brachii occurs most frequently at the tendo-osseous insertion and may be complete or partial, and could be associated with radial head fracture. Treatments include surgical repair of the complete rupture and immobilization of partial triceps rupture. We report 3 cases of triceps avulsion fractures treated by open surgical repair with literature reviews.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.119-123
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• 2006

Isolated avulsion of the lesser tuberosity of the humerus in adolescent is rare injury. The mechanism of injury is acute forced external rotation and with the arm in abduction which has been reported in children participating in sports such as football, hockey, volleyball, wrestling and skateboarding. The diagnosis is often delayed despite chronic pain and disability. Authors report the unique case of a skeletally immature adolescent Judo player who had an isolated avulsion of the lesser tuberosity of the humerus with the references.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.101-111
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• 2001

후방 십자 인대 손상에서 일차 복원술이 가능한 대퇴 부착부 파열과 경골 부착부 견열 골절환자를 대상으로 손상 부위와 동반 인대 손상 유무에 따른 후방 안정성과 주관적, 객관적 기능의 평가에서 Lysholm 기능 평가상 대퇴 부착부 손상군(85.3점)이 경골 부착부 견열 골절군(96.3점)에 비해 결과가 불량하였다(p<0.05). 그러나 단독 후방 십자 인대 손상군(91.1점)은 복합 인대 손상군(86.6점)에 비해 양호하였으나 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 후방 십자 인대의 불안정성 정도는 후방 긴장성 사진과 KT 2000 슬관절계 검사상 대퇴 부착부 손상군보다 경골 견열 골절 손상군에서 나은 경향을 보이나 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 또한 olecranization 시행은 후방 안정성에서 시행한 군이 나은 경향을 보여 심한 후방 불안정성이 있는 경우 수술 후 초기에 일시적인 후방 안정성에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.175-178
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• 2011

Inversion injury of the lateral ankle ligaments is very common. Few studies, however, have focused on avulsion fracture of the lateral ankle ligaments. A fracture producing a small fragment usually avulsed from lateral malleolus and may be easily misdiagnosed as a sprain because the fragment is superimposed on the lateral malleolus and goes undetected on early radiographs, especially in skeletally immature patients. We present a case of isolated avulsion fracture of the talar attachment of the anterior talofibular ligament in 13-year-old male patient. Diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomography and avulsed fragment was fixed to original talar footprint with suture anchors. A high level of suspicion must be maintained to obtain an accurate diagnosis of avulsion fracture in inversion ankle injury because of the high incidence in children and to prevent recurrent instability.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.534-545
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• 2007

Statement of problem: In spite of increasing sports injury, there was no collected data on the rate and type of dental injuries for athletes in Korea. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of maxillofacial injuries and attitude of college sports player in Korea towards mouthguard. Material and methods: Total 617 athletes answered a series of questionnaire concerning their sports injury and using mouthguard. Results: 1. 81%(502) of athletes had, playing or training a sports, suffered an injury. Female athletes suffered an injury more than male athletes(p<0.05). Contact sports athletes were injured more than non contact sports athletes(p<0.05). 2. 335 athletes(54.8%) had suffered maxillofacial injuries while playing or training. 81.8% of athletes suffered an maxillofacial injury in contact sports(p<0.05). 3. Laceration of oral area, wrick in neck, fracture or avulsion on upper incisors, concussion, TMJ injury, fracture or avulsion on lower incisors, fracture or avulsion on lower molars were frequently injured area. 4. 67.2% of athletes answered that mouthguard could prevent sports injury especially high in contact sports(p<0.05). But only 39.1% of athletes required mouthguard while playing. 44.6% of athletes showed their intention of using mouthguard. Conclusion: This study shows that the incidence of maxillofacial injuries is very high while the actual use of mouthguard is very low. To prevent sports injury, a dentist must inform sports players and coaches of accurate information about mouthguard so that they can use it well. A dentist also has to provide them with better mouthguard on the basis of user's complaint.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.165-169
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• 2017

Secondary soft tissue injuries can occur from the pressure of the displaced fragment of posterior calcaneal tuberosity in calcaneal tongue-type fractures and calcaneal tuberosity avulsion fractures. The soft tissue injury can be prevented by immediate reduction of the displaced fragments. Various techniques can be used to fix the fracture fragments, but the stability of fixation and minimal invasiveness to soft tissue should be considered. This paper reports the successful outcomes of patients with soft tissue compromises in calcaneal tongue-type fractures and calcaneal tuberosity avulsion fractures. The fixation technique of a large cannulated screw and simple cerclage wiring is believed to be a useful surgical option for the treatment of secondary soft tissue compromised calcaneal fractures.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.426-429
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• 1999

When the tooth avulsion occur in accidents the drying damage to the periodontal ligament has extremely detrimental effects on healing. Pulp necrosis always occurs after an avulsion injury, but revascularization can only take place in teeth with immature apexes. Therefore complications after avulsion injuries are common, and treatment must be carried out in a timely and correct fashion to prevent or limit these complications. Every effort should be made to replant the tooth within the first 15 to 20 minutes. If doubt exists that the tooth can be replanted adequately, the tooth should quickly be stored in an appropriate medium until the patient can get to the dental office for replantation. A complication of inflammatory root resorption is occurred by bacterial infection of periodontal ligament and dental pulp. Therefore aseptic endodontic treatment must be carried out in a timely and systemic antibiotics given at the time of replantation and before endodontic treatment are effective in preventing bacterial invasion. Further studies are needed to establish the clinical importance of preparation of the socket and root.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 1993

High level, major limb amputation above the wrist and ankle joint has some characteristic problems because of the large muscle mass and poor potential for nerve regeneration. As an adjunct method to reduce warm ischemic time prior to bony stabilization, temporary vascular shunting by simple catheterization has been performed, which has not been associated with any significant complication and has improved on success rate in replantation surgery. The authors have experienced 198 cases replantation of amputated limbs and digits from September, 1983 at the Korea medical center, Guro hospital, of which, 13 cases of successful replantation of amputated limbs by avulsion injury above the wrist and ankle joint level, which is generally considered as contraindication, were followed up for average 4.5 years(minimum 1.5 to maximum 8.4 years) on terms of survival rate, function and appearance. The clinical analysis upon these cases is to be presented with review of references.

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2011

목적: 족관절 골절에서 전하 경비 인대 견열 골절의 진단 및 골편 고정술을 위한 전산화 단층 촬영의 유용성을 알고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2006년 7월부터 2010년 7월까지 본원에서 단순 방사선 검사 및 전산화 단층 촬영을 시행하여 수술한 족관절 골절 환자 108명을 후향적으로 연구하였다. 전하 경비 인대 견열 골절이 동반된 환자 19명과 대조군 89명으로 나누어, Lauge-Hansen 분류, 수상 시 힘의 양, 원위 경비 인대 결합 손상의 방사선학적 지표를 비교하였다. 두 군의 평균 추시 기간은 각각 25개월 및 23개월이었다. 전체 환자 중 수술 시 부하 검사에 족관절 불안정성으로 전하 경비 인대 견열 골절의 골편을 고정한 환자 8명과 횡나사 경비 고정술을 한 환자 11명의 최종 추시 시 임상적, 방사선학적 결과를 비교하였다. 결과: 전하 경비 인대 견열 골절이 동반된 환자 19명 중 전산화 단층 촬영에서만 발견된 환자가 14명이었다. 전하 경비 인대 견열 골절이 있는 환자가 없는 환자에 비해 회내-외회전에 의한 손상, 고 에너지 손상, 원위 경비 인대 결합 손상에 대한 방사선학적 지표에 해당하는 경우가 유의하게 많았다. 전하 경비 인대 견열 골절의 골편을 고정한 환자와 횡나사 경비 고정술을 한 환자 모두 최종 추시 상 만족할 만한 결과를 보였고 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결론: 회내-외회전, 고 에너지 손상, 방사선학적 지표 상 원위 경비 인대 결합 손상에 해당하는 족관절 골절 환자에서 전하 경비 인대 견열 골절의 유무를 알기 위해 전산화 단층 촬영하는 것이 도움이 되며 전하 경비 인대 견열 골절이 있는 경우 골편을 직접 고정하는 것이 원위 경비 인대 결합 손상의 치료에 유용한 방법 중 하나로 생각된다.