• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.47-58
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to obtain the basic data for a design for comfort wear. The subjects of this study were 197 women's university stu- dents. The characteristics of their body types and the thickness of subcuta- neous fat at eight body sites were measured. The thickness of subcutaneous fat was measured by both Ultrasonics and with a Skinfold Caliper. The cor- relation between their values and the thickness of subcutaneous fat were compared. The relationship between Rohrer Index and the subject's self- conception of their body was also compared. The results were as follows: 1. The measurement of thickness of subcutaneous fat at triceps and scapula was a little lower, in using Skinfold Caliper method, than Ultrasonics method because of the pressure of the caliper. 2. Correlation between percentage of fat in body and body characteristics was high in order of chest girth > weight > abdomen girth. 3. The thickness of subcutaneous 8 body these sites was high in order of thigh > triceps > scapula > abdomen > suprailiac > chest > calf > forearm. Percentage of body fat has a positive correlation with both average thickness of subcutaneous fat and thickness of subcutaneous fat at triceps. 4. Rohrer Index shows a positive correlation between average thickness of subcutaneous fat and percentage of body fat. 5. About half of subjects of this study thought that they were obese although the data proved otherwise.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.97-115
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• 2024

In this paper, a database consisting of the dynamic shear modulus ratio and damping ratio test data of clay obtained from 406 groups of triaxial tests is constructed with the starting area of Xiong'an New Area as the research background. The aim is to study the nonlinear dynamic properties of clay in this area under cyclic loading. The study found that the effective confining pressure and plasticity index have certain influences on the dynamic shear modulus ratio and damping ratio of clay in this area. Through data analysis, it was found that there was a certain correlation between effective confining pressure and plasticity index and dynamic shear modulus ratio and damping ratio, with fitting degree values greater than 0.1263 for both. However, other physical indices such as the void ratio, natural density, water content and specific gravity have only a small effect on the dynamic shear modulus ratio and the damping ratio, with fitting degree values of less than 0.1 for all of them. This indicates that it is important to consider the influence of effective confining pressure and plasticity index when studying the nonlinear dynamic properties of clays in this area. Based on the above, prediction models for the dynamic shear modulus ratio and damping ratio in this area were constructed separately. The results showed that the model that considered the combined effect of effective confining pressure and plasticity index performed best. The predicted dynamic shear modulus ratio and damping ratio closely matched the actual curves, with approximately 88% of the data falling within ±1.3 times the measured dynamic shear modulus ratio and approximately 85.1% of the data falling within ±1.3 times the measured damping ratio. In contrast, the prediction models that considered only a single influence deviated from the actual values, particularly the model that considered only the plasticity index, which predicted the dynamic shear modulus ratio and the damping ratio within a small distribution range close to the average of the test values. When compared with existing prediction models, it was found that the predicted dynamic shear modulus ratio in this paper was slightly higher, which was due to the overall hardness of the clay in this area, leading to a slightly higher determination of the dynamic shear modulus ratio by the prediction model. Finally, for the dynamic shear modulus ratio and damping ratio of the engineering site in the starting area of Xiong'an New Area, we confirm that the prediction formulas established in this paper have high reliability and provide the applicable range of the prediction model.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.105-109
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• 2000

To investigate the correlation between college women's energy intake and body fat percentage, this study was undertaken with 116 college women aged 19-24 years. The subjects were 20.9 years old on the average, and mean height and weight was 161.3 cm, 51.2 kg. Blood pressures were 112.4 mm Hg(systolic pressure), 70.2 mmHg(diastolic pressure). The number of pulse was 75.5 count/min. The energy intake and percent body fat were examined. The average intake of energy was 7652kcal/day(82.3% of RDA), which was lower than the recommended amount. It was similar to the level of energy intake of Korean women. BMI was 19.7 and body fat percent was 24.4%, so they appeared plump. According to BMI, 43.1% of subjects was grouped into normal, 56.9% was thin ; there was no difference between groups in age and stature. Also, normal group(27.1%) shoed significantly higher body fat percent(27.1%) than thin group(22.3%). But, body fat percent of thin group according to BMI was shown normal. Therefore, it may be thought that BMI is unsuitable indicator in this study. As a result of analyzing the correlation between body-measuring value and food intake, body fat percent against body weight and BMI was significant at the level p<0.001, but thee was no significant correlation with food intake. Therefore, it is desirable to recommend a healthful dietary lifestyle and activities for young women who want to reduce body weight due to excessive concerns regarding their outward figure.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.185-191
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• 2012

대부분의 국내 어장들은 반폐쇄성 내만에 집중되어 있으며, 장기 양식과 높은 입식밀도에 의한 연안오염에 매우 취약한 위치를 점하고 있기 때문에, 지속적인 양식을 위하여 어장관리가 매우 중요한 실정이다. 이를 위한 방안으로 적지선정과 생태학적 환경수용력을 함께 고려한 최적 입식밀도 산정이 될 수 있다. 거제한산만 굴양식장의 입식밀도 산정을 위하여 0.0이 비적지, 1.0이 적지임을 나타내는 서식적합도(Habitat suitability index)와 생태지표인 여과압 지표(Filtration pressure indicator)가 이용되었다. 거제만의 서식적합도는 0.75로서 한산만 0.53보다 높았으며, 이는 거제만이 굴양식에 좀 더 적합함을 의미한다. 생태지표는 연안특성에 따라 다른 입식밀도를 나타내었으며, 결과적으로 거제만의 굴양식장에 대하여 현 입식밀도와 비교하여 평균 40%, 한산만은 평균 60% 저감 입식하여야 생태학적 환경수용력을 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 입식밀도의 산정은 현재 국내 양식업이 직면한 연안오염, 환경악화, 생산성 감소에 대한 해결책을 제공할 수 있으며, 이 연구는 어장관리 정책 설립에 대한 과학적 근거로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 전산구조공학
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.115-123
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• 1996

배관을 구속시키기 위한 원통형 배관 지지대(Trunnion Pipe Support)가 부착된 배관의 응력해석을 위하여 유한요소해석을 사용하였다. 해석결과로 부터 얻어진 응력은 두께에 대한 평균(막응력) 및 선형 응력(굽힘응력)으로 분류되었으며, 분류된 응력값은 압력에 에 의한 일차응력계수(B/sub 1/)와 이차응력계수(C/sub 1/), 모멘트에 의한 일차응력계수(B/sub 28/, B/sub 2T/)와 이차응력계수(C/sub 28/, C/sub 2T/)를 추정하기 위하여 ASME Code에 정의된것과 일치하게 해석되었다. 무차원의 함수로써 응력계수에 대한 경험식을 개발하기 위하여 여러 모델의 해석을 수행하였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1996년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.27-39
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• 1996

배관을 구속시키기 위한 원통형 배관 지지대 (Trunnion Pipe Support)가 부착된 배관의 응력해석 을 위하여 유한요소해석을 사용하였다. 해석결과로 부터 얻어진 응력은 두께에 대한 평균 및 선 형 응력으로 분류 되었으며, 분류된 응력값은 압력에 의한 일차응력계수(B$_1$)와 이차응력계수(C$_1$), 모멘트에 의한 일차응력계수(B$_2$)와 이차응력계수(C$_2$)를 추정하기 위하여 ASME Code에 정의된 것과 일치하게 해석되었다. 무차원의 함수로써 응력계수에 대한 경험식을 개발하기 위하여 여러 모델의 해석을 수행하였다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to assess the peak plantar pressure distribution under foot areas according to the height of heel lifts in obese adults and non-obese adults during walking. Thirty-one participants volunteered for this experiment. The average body mass index (BMI) value of the fourteen subjects in the obese group was $26.5{\pm}1.4kg/m^2$ (from 25.1 to 29.3 $kg/m^2$), and of seventeen subjects in the non-obese group was $20.0{\pm}1.1kg/m^2$ (from 18.7 to 22.7 $kg/m^2$). The subject ambulated while walking in the sneakers, walking with 2 cm heel lifts, and walking with 4 cm heel lifts in the shoes. We measured the peak plantar pressure under the hallux, 1st, 2nd, 3~4th, and 5th metatarsal head (MTH), mi foot, and heel using F-scan system. The obese group had significantly higher peak plantar pressure under all foot areas than the non-obese group regardless of the height of heel lifts (p<.05). The peak plantar pressure under the 5th MTH and heel was significantly decreased, also the peak plantar pressure under hallux, 1st, and 2nd MTH was significantly increased according to the height of heel lifts in the obese group and non-obese group (p<.05), We proposed that individuals with heel lifts in shoes should be careful, as there is high plantar pressure under the forefoot.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.384-394
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• 1998

In order to investigate the effect of the urinary excretion of sodium and potassium on the change on blood pressure over 3 years, 668 adolescents aged 13 years living in Kangwha area were investigated in a longitudinal follow-up study. Two measurements were taken on each blood pressure (diastolic, systolic) and the average of the two readings was used in the analysis. Sodium and potassium intake were estimated by the determination of those electrolytes in 24hr urine. The mixed model regression analysis was used to identify the effect of urinary sodium and potassium on the change of blood pressure after controlling for BMI of each age. On simple bivariate analysis no relationship was found between urinary sodium excretion and systolic or diastolic blood pressure among both male and female, however, a significant positive association between urinary potassium excretion and systolic blood pressure among male. The results of mixed regression analysis showed that the body mass index (BMI) were more influential that urinary electrolytes among this study subjects. It suggested that risk factors observed from the adults, may not be identical with that of the growing aged population. After control of the BMI and age, significant association between sodium and diastolic BP among male, and association between potassium and systolic BP among female, were found. In summary, the results indicate that growth has been more influential than dietary factor on blood pressure for growing aged population.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.351-360
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to determine the importance of obesity management nutrition programs for obese male workers after performing a 10-week nutrition program and to compare changes in the obesity index, health behavior, meal intake, and blood constituents. The study subjects included 44 individuals, all without chronic disease. After the program, the weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and waist-hip ratio (WHR) of the subjects dropped. Dietary life behavior scores increased. In particular, more than 30% increases were detected in self-control of surfeit, control of eating speed, temperance, and regular exercise items. Total caloric intake and average drinking intake dropped. Though insignificant, systolic pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and sGPT all dropped as compared to the levels measured prior to the program. Fasting blood sucrose, triglyceride, $\gamma$-GTP, and atherogenic index dropped significantly. HDL-cholesterol, though insignificant, increased. As the result of examining correlations between the subjects' health life behavior, caloric intake, and improvement in obesity, we noted a significant correlation between self-control of surfeit and temperance in the health life behavior item, along with significant correlations among total calorie intake, surfeit percentage, and daily average drinking intake. These results demonstrated that nutrition program for obese workers performed at the Community Health Center had the effect of reducing obesity, improving health behavior, and improving clinical levels. Thus, it is advisable that obesity management programs be achieved, linking the center of local societies' health promotion projects, community health centers, and workplaces, and various programs should be developed to maintain and continue changes in workers' behaviors, such that the positive effects of improvement in obesity could be maintained, even after the program.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.604-609
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• 2008

목 적 : 비만은 고혈압의 위험 인자로서 소아 청소년기의 비만이 성인기의 비만으로 발전하기 때문에 결국 소아 청소년기의 비만으로 심혈관계 등 여러 문제가 유발된다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 소아 청소년기 비만증에서 정확한 혈압의 측정은 매우 중요하겠다. 본 연구에서는 소아 청소년 비만 환자들을 대상으로 수시 혈압 측정으로 선별 검사한 후 이들의 24시간 혈압을 측정함으로 ABPM의 유용성과 의미에 대해 고찰해보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2006년 2월 1일부터 2007년 12월 1일까지 한동대학교 선린병원의 소아 청소년과를 방문하여 ABPM을 시행한 모든 환자들을 대상으로 하였다. 자료의 분석은 수축기, 이완기 혈압측정을 수면 혈압과 이를 제외한 각성 혈압으로 나누어 분석하였고 야간 혈압 강하(night dip)를 평가하였다. 환자는 정상군(1군)과 체질량계수만 95 백분위수가 넘는 비만군(2군) 그리고 비만이면서 외래혈압이 120/80 mmHg이상인 비만 위험혈압군(3군)으로 구분하였다. 결 과 : ABPM을 시행한 환자는 모두 49명이었고 비만군이 18명이었고 비만 위험혈압군이 12명이었다. 정상군은 19명이었다. 각 군의 수축기 평균혈압을 비교하였을 때 모든 군에서 통계학적으로 의미 있는 차이를 나타내었고(1군, $105.1{\pm}4.7$; 2군, $111.0{\pm}7.1$; 3군, $117.8{\pm}6.6mmHg$), 이완기 평균 혈압의 경우 1군과 3군에서만 통계학적으로 의미 있는 차이를 나타내었다($69.1{\pm}5.3$, $77.9{\pm}6.3mmHg$). 각성 혈압을 비교한 결과도 1군과 3군간에만 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 수면혈압인 경우 수축기 혈압은 3군이 1, 2군에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 높았으나, 이완기 혈압은 다른 경우와 마찬가지로 1군과 3군간에만 유의한 차이가 있었다. 본 연구에서 각 군간에 야간 혈압 강하를 조사해보니 통계적으로 의미 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결 론 : 본 연구에서 ABPM을 시행한 결과 비만 위험혈압군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 혈압이 높았다. 소아 청소년에서, 특히 향후 심혈관 질환 및 여러 질환의 위험인자로 알려진 비만아에서 ABPM의 적극적인 활용이 필요로 하겠다.