• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.122-128
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• 1988

This nutritional survey was conducted from September 17 to October 6, 1984, in order to investigate the state of the nutritional intakes of perple living Gapoe-Dong, coastal area of Korea. This survey covered a total of forty houses. The method of this research was based on the interiview-survey with questinaires. All of the food taken daily by the people are all weighed before cooking ; the rest of food after mealing are also weighed. Thus the amount of food taken by people can be come out. The results were summarized as follows; 1) The average intake of all nutrients were below the RDA, especially calorie, vitamin B2, calcium and iron were insufficient. The protein intake was only 55.2g but the contribution of animal protein to total protein was adequate(38%). It was provided mostly by fish and shell-fish. 2) Chief food sources were rice, vegetables, fish and shell-fish, and milk, eggs, oil, potato, and fruits were insufficient. 3) The level of education and the number of family were significantly correlated to the nutrientintake, especially correlation between family-size and colorie, calcium intake were significant.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.404-412
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• 1992

Iron intake and nutritional status of 99 female college students of Chungnam Natiional Unive-rsity were estimateed with dietary survey and measurement of hematological indices including the level of serum ferritin Food intake was measured using the weighing method and iron availability per meal was calculated according to Monsen and Hallberg. The average daily intakes of protein vitamin C. total iron and also total available amount of iron were higher than the Korean R.D.A. The blood indices for iron status however showed that iron status of the subjects was inade-quate. Furthermore the serum ferritin levels indicated marginal iron storage in 75% of the subjects.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 1996

This study was carried on the analysis of food and nutrient intake for elementary school foodservices in Seoul. The survey was conducted through the 200 menus submitted by the 5 elementary schools in Seoul. Energy and all nutrient intakes exceeded the Recommended Daily Allowances of Koreans. Carbohydrate provided 56.32% of total energy intake; protein accounted for 16.06%; fat provided 27.62%. Total intake of food was 549 g on the average, which consisted of 90.04 g cereals, 130.17 g vegetables, 31.56 g meats, 21.63 g fishes and 200.00 g milks. The basic menu patterns were Rice+Soup (or Stew)+Kimchi, and 2 other side dishes including milk. These data underscore the necessity of developing the 'Standard Menu' for elementary school foodservices.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.157-170
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Scoria, Quartz porphyry and Oak charcoal powder feeding by 1% level of concentrate on the fattening cross bred bulls(5/8 Korean Native Cattle, 2/8 Charolais, 1/8 Brahman germ plasma) Feeding trial was conducted with 4 treatment groups which were T1(Full feeding of concentrate and roughage for 12 months), T2(T1 and Scoria addition), T3(T1 and Quartz porphyry addition) and T4(Oak charcoal addition) for 360 days, consisting of 32 heads whose initially weights were about 299.7kg. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. During the over-all period, average daily gains by T3, T4, T2 and T1 were 1.024, 0.987, 0.977kg and 0.964, respectively, without a significant difference by treatments. 2. Concentrate intakes per body weight and TDN intakes required per unit of kilogram gain were lower in addition agent groups than in control, and in all the treatments feed efficiency was higher at early stage for 360 fattening day than at end stage. 3. Carcass weight, dressing percent, back-fat thickness and loin eye muscle area by treatments were 330.9 to 348.4kg(average 340.3kg), 55.2~56.2(average 55.8%), 0.41~0.55(average 0.46cm)and 76.0~80.9$\textrm{cm}^2$(average 77.6$\textrm{cm}^2$), respectively, and were improved in addition agent groups than in control. 4. Meat quality grade is higher in addition agent groups than in control, and heads of 1st grade by treatments was 3, 2, 1 and none in T4, T2, T3 and T1, respectively. 5. Incidence heads of diseases by treatment were not apparently different, but diseases of digestive system was decreased in addition agent groups than in control. 6. The nitrate nitrogen content of fattening bull dung which collected in rectum were 0.082~0.089% (average 0.084%), and the content in addition agent groups was smaller than in controll. 7. Income was higher in order of T4, T3, T2, and T1 and incomes of treatment groups were grater than that of control group by 21.4 to 33.5 percent. According to the above results it may be concluded that fattening bulls may be required to feed no more than 1% of Scoria, Quartz porphyry and Oak charcoal powder based on the concentrate feeding level during the fattening period(12 to 24 month of age) to produce high quality meat and increase income.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.1383-1388
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• 2001

To explore the factors restricting animal performance in relation to sward structure under a strip-grazing system, measurements of sward factors, herbage intake and milk production at 3 levels of herbage allowance were made on perennial ryegrass (Latium perenne L.) sward for 3 experimental periods. About 29%, 36% and 52% of the biomass offered was removed by grazing in high $(42kg\;OM{\cdot}day^{-1}{\cdot}head^{-1})$, medium $(30kg\;OM{\cdot}day^{-1}{\cdot}head^{-1})$ and low $(18kg\;OM{\cdot}day^{-1}{\cdot}head^{-1})$ herbage allowance plots. Live leaf material was much more affected by grazing under different herbage allowance levels than dead material or leaf sheath. Grazing with a low herbage allowance decreased the proportion of live lamina by 93% and live lamina density by 96% before grazing. The density of dead material plus sheath was decreased by 17% after grazing at a low allowance, while it slightly increased or remained constant in the plots applied with high and medium allowances, respectively. The highly significant (p<0.01) correlations between herbage allowance and proportion (r=0.94) and density (r=0.91) of live lamina in residual sward after grazing were observed. Daily herbage intakes in the plots with high and medium levels of herbage allowance were not significantly different at $15.3kg\;OM{\cdot}head^{-1}$ in average, whereas with low level it decreased to $13.9kg\;OM{\cdot}head^{-1}$. Daily milk production was significantly (p<0.05) declined from $22.3kg{\cdot}head^{-1}$ (at high herbage allowance) to $19.7kg{\cdot}head^{-1}$ (at low herbage allowance). The data obtained clearly indicated that herbage intake and milk production were highly affected by the characteristics of residual sward, which were closely related to the level of herbage allowance.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.277-288
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to assess the energy expenditure and investigate the relationship between related variables of 57 dieticians in Youngdong-area. The average daily number of steps was found to be 9358.0$\pm$2714.3 steps/day on weekdays and 7862.9$\pm$2504.9 steps/day during weekends. Hourly step rates on weekdays and weekends came to 570.6$\pm$249.8 steps/hr and 564.0$\pm$224.8 steps/hr, respectively. Activity coefficient of subjects was higher on weekdays (1.56) than weekends (1.51, p<0.05). Resting energy expenditure estimated by the Harris-Benedict formula, WHO/NAO/FAO formula as well as formulas based on body surface area and DRIs (Dietary Reference Intake for Koreans) were calculated to be 1333.7$\pm$89.5kcal/day, 1351.0$\pm$123.3kcal/day, 1388.5$\pm$100.3kcal/day and 1295.9$\pm$90.8kcal/day, respectively. Using these resting energy expenditures and the activity coefficients, daily energy expenditures were calculated to be from 2039.7kcal/day to 2183.5kcal/day on weekdays and from 2016.1kcal/day to 2159.2kcal/day on weekends. Meanwhile energy intakes of subjects on weekdays and weekends were 1594.7$\pm$698.3kcal and 2152.9$\pm$768.0kcal, respectively. The activity coefficient (1.49) of dieticians who managed less than 500 meals per day was significantly lower than that of dieticians who served more than 500 meals per day. Dieticians of schools located in rural areas had higher activity coefficient (1.59) than those of schools located in urban or island settings. These results suggest that work analysis and development of management strategies are necessary to improve dieticians' productivity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.1055-1061
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• 1996

울산지역의 65세 이상 노인 357명 을 대상으로 1995년 7월 5일부터 8월 13일까지 직접면접을 통해 식생활과 영양섭취상태를 조사하였고 이에 대한 관련성을 연구하였다. 대상자의 가족수는 3~5명, 생활비는 91~150만원, 용돈은 1~5만원이 가장 많았으며 건강이 좋지 않은 경우가 가장 많았다. 우울증에 해당하는 노인은 남자 19.3%, 여자 27.6%로 나타났다. 그리고 불안점수가 24점 이상인 경우는 남자가 28.1%, 여자가 32.5%로 나타났다. 식사가 규칙적인 경우, 균형식을 하는 경우, 평상시 즐거운 식사를 하는 경우가 많았으며 혼자 식사하는 경우는 적었다. 점심식사의 경우 주로 친구들과 함께하고 있으며 경로당에서 식사하는 경우가 많았다. 노인급식소가 있는 것을 남자가 59.6%, 여자가 42.8% 정도가 알고 있었고, 식사를 해 본 경험이 있는 경우는 식사의 만족정도는 남자는 '보통이다'가 41.3%, 여자는 '높다'가 41.9%이었다. 노인의 열량, 단백질, 비타민 A, 비타민 $B_2,$ 비타민 C는 권장량에 미달되었고, 칼슘의 섭취량은 여자의 경우 권장량에 미달되었고, 그밖의 영양소들은 권장량 이상을 섭취하였다. 가족수, 생활비, 용돈, 건강상태는 영양섭취상태와 양의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 우울과 불안은 영양섭취상태와 음의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 식사의 규칙성, 즐거운 식사와 영양섭취상태는 양의 상관관계를 보였으며 편식과 혼자식사는 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 이와 같은 결과로 다음과 같은 제언을 하고자 한다. 노인의 일반적 특성 뿐만 아니라 우울, 불안상태와 식생활 관리에 따라 영양 섭취량에 영향을 미치므로 정신적인 안정과 식생활 환경을 개선하도록 하여야 한다. 그리고 즐거운 식사가 되도록 함께 식사할 수 있는 환경을 만들어 가정은 물론 지역사회에서 관심과 노력을 갖고 영양적 위험이 있는 노인을 위한 무료 혹은 저렴한 식당이나 경로당 등의 식생활 환경을 시급히 개선해 나가야 할 것이다. 또한 질병이 있는 노인이 많으므로 노인을 위한 영양교육 및 상담 프로그램을 개발하여 실시하여야 할 것이다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 1980

In view of the nationel health, the health of women during their childbearing age is important. In Korean, several studies reported that incidence of anemic case was high among these group. The present study was conducted to investigate the dietetic life and dietetic problems among college women during their child-earing age. One hundred thirty seven college women (Age ranges 18.5 to 21.8) who lived in Gwangju area were randomly selected and were practiced dietary survey by three day records in November 1979. Also, hemoglobin level was determined. The result are summarized as follows; their diets were found to be lacking I total amounts of food it takes (878.6$\pm$266.9 gm) and in such foods as cereals, potatoes, beans, green and yellow vegetables, oils and fats and small fishes. but animal food intakes were sufficient in such foods as fishes, meats and eggs. The average calorie intake (1729.3$\pm$437.0kcal) was insufficient against R.D.A (2000kcal) and the daily energy expenditure (2024.7kcal). Lacking nutrients were Fe and Vitamin A these percentages of R.D.A. were 75.61% and 80.14% The mean body height (16.1$\pm$8.1cm) was higher tendency compared to other studies, but the mean body weight (49.8$\pm$4.1kg) was lighter. The average Hb level was 12.75$\pm$2.94gm%, and 13.64% of the subjects was anemic (12gm% below) The differences of each nutrient intake between the anemic and the healthy group not noted statistically significant.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.161-168
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• 1990

The survey was conducted for the period from 25 th to 29 th July, 1990. The survey area were selected the mountain area in Kang Won Province. Intake of foods and nutrients of all members in the households surveyed by means of questionnaire was computed based on number of meals a day. On the other hand, daily intake of nutrients by an individual was calculated by sex, age and type of work based on the conversion rate of RDA (Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances for Adult). 1. Status of food intake. The average food intake per person per day in surveyed area was 1103.49 g. The total intake of food was consisted of 44.17% grains, 23.31% vegetables, 10.66% fruits, respectively. These findings led us to the conclusion that people in the surveyed area depended heavily on plant foods. 2. Status of nutrient intake, 1) The average intake of Calorie was 2567.54 Cal Per day, which was slightly higher than 2500 Cal of RDA. 2) The average Intake of protein was 82.92g per day, which was higher than 70g of RDA. Though the quantity was above the RDA, it was largely from plant foods 3) The average intake of calcium was 383.93 mg per day, which was much lower than 500 mg of RDA. 4) The average intake of iron was 11.88 me per day, which was nearly the same quantity as 10 mg of RDA. 5) Intake of vitamin group were high among the inhabitants than recommended by RDA 3. The Kinds of food intake The kinds of food intake in surveyed area were totally 66 different kinds. 4. Economic status. As for the education level, almost of the food handlers finished the primary school and the average monthly income was 364,600 in surveyed area. Households used gas(100%) for fuel.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1043-1047
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• 2002

이소플라본의 섭취량 측정방법에서 식품중 함량분석이 미비한 실정이기 때문에 식이섭취조사 이외에도 소변을 통한 분석방법의 이용 가능성을 알아보고자 실시되었다. 전북 익산시에 거주하는 폐경 후 여성을 대상으로 3개월간 이소플라본 90mg을 함유한 대두 이소플라본 추출물을 매일 1회씩 섭취하도록 하고, 실험전과 실험 후반 3일간의 식이섭취조사와 1일간의 24시간 소변을 수집하여 소변으로의 이소플라본 배설량을 측정 비교한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 연구대상자 25명의 평균 연령은 64.2세였으며, 신장은 149.6 cm이었고, 체중과 체질량지수는각각 58.1 kg,25.9kg/m$^2$이었다. 연구대상자의 실험 전 열량 섭취량은 1일 평균 1337.5 kcal였으며, 이소플라본 공급기간 중에도 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 단백질의 섭취량은 실험전 1일 평균 56.9g으로 양호한 수준을 나타내었고, 이소플라본 공급 중에도 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이외에 비타민 A, 카로틴, 비타민 C를 제외한 지질, 당질, 비타민, 무기질의 섭취량에 있어서도 실험 전과 실험 기간중에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 일상식이중 총 이소플라본의 섭취량은 25.3 mg이었으며, 이중 다이드제인이 11.8 mg, 제니스테인이 13.5 mg이었다. 이소플라본 공급 기 간(90 mg/day)중 일상 식이를 통한 이소플라본의 섭취량은 21.5 mg으로 실험전과 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이소플라본 공급전의 24시간 소변중 이소플라본(다이드제인과 제니스테인의 합) 배설량은 8.4 mg이었으며, 이소플라본 섭취량의 15.8%가 비례적으로 소변을 통하여 배설되었다. 매일 90mg의 이소플라본을 공급(90 mg/day)한 3개월 후에는 13.9mg으로 공급전에 비하여 유의적인 증가를 나타내었다(p<0.01). 이상의 결과를 통하여 24시간 소변을 통한 이소플라본 배설량 특히 다이드제인과 제니스테인의 측정은 이소플라본의 섭취수준을 파악할 수 있는 자료로 활용 가능성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 본 연구는 대상자가 수가 적고 실험기관 공급수준의 다양성이 없다는 제한점을 가지고 있기 때문에 좀더 많은 인원수를 대상으로 기간과 섭취수준을 달리하는 등의 지속적인 연구가 수행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.