• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to develop a Water Quality Management System(WQMS), which calculates pollutant discharge and forecasts water quality with a water pollution model. Operational water quality management requires not only controlling pollutants but acquiring and managing exact information. A GIS software, ArcView 3.1 was used to enter or edit geographic data and attribute data, and Avenue Script was used to customize the user interface. PCI, a remote sensing software, was used to derive land cover classification from 20 m resolution SPOT data by image processing. WQMS has two subsystems, database subsystem and modelling subsystem. The database subsystem consisted of watershed data from digital maps, remote sensing data, government reports, census data and so on. The modelling subsystem consisted of NSPLM(NonStorm Pollutant Load Model) and SPLM(Storm Pollutant Load Model). It calculates the amount of pollutant and predicts water quality. These two subsystems were connected through a graphic display module. This system has been calibrated for and applied to Mokhyun Stream watershed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1458-1465
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• 2008

Effects of soybean oil or whole cotton seed addition on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and performance of fattening Brahman$\times$Thai-Native cattle were studied. Eighteen fattening cattle averaging $241{\pm}24kg$ body weight and approximately 1 year old were stratified by live weight into three groups and randomly assigned by group to one of three dietary treatments. The treatments were control (concentrated 14% crude protein), control and supplemented with 170 g/d soybean oil, control plus 170 g/d of oil from whole cotton seed. All animals were weighed before and after the experimental period and 4 cattle per treatment were randomly slaughtered then carcass measurements were obtained. There were no statistically significantly differences in the final body weight, average daily gain and dry matter intake among treatments. However, the crude protein intake was significantly decreased (p<0.01) when whole cotton seed was fed compared with control and soybean oil treatments. The carcass composition and carcass characteristics were not significantly different in Longissimus and Semimembranosus muscle by feeding soybean oil and whole cotton seed compared with the control treatment. Supplementation of soybean oil increased (p<0.01) cis-9, trans-11 CLA by 116% in Longissimus muscle and by 240% in Semimembranosus muscle. However, whole cotton seed did not increase cis-9, trans-11 CLA in both muscles. The present study successfully increased cis-9, trans-11 CLA content of muscle lipids by soybean oil but not by whole cotton seed.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.125-135
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• 2001

Ground failure such as landslide, rock fall land subsidence by heavy rainfall have damaged to people and property. Especially, the damage to important facility such as dam, bridge, tunnel and industrial complex may be possible. Therefore the ground failure must be assessed and counter plan must be prepared. So, the object of this study is to develop the spatial information system for regional ground stability assessment. For this, the topographic, geologic, soil, forest, land use, rainfall frequency map, and satellite image near 40 dams were collected and constructed to the spatial information system. The spatial information system was developed using Avenue in ArcView 3.2 environment and consists of pull down menus and icons. For application of the spatial information system, regional ground stability was assessed in Andong dam. The assessment was ground failure susceptibility and possibility. The spatial information can be used for regional ground stability assessment, prevention and mitigation of hazard, and management of ground as basic data.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.553-561
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• 2002

The objectives of this study are to introduce flash flood forecasting system in Korea and to develop a system for computing threshold runoff on very fine catchment scale. The developed GUI system composed of 9 steps starting from input data preparation to Input file creation for flash flood forecasting compute basin subdivision, hydrologic subbasin characteristics, bankfull flows, unit peak flows and threshold runoffs on about 5 $\textrm{km}^2$ scale. When the developed system was applied on Pyungchang IHP basin, the computed 1-hour threshold runoffs ranged 18.72~81.96mm with average value of 46.39mm. Judging from the comparison of the computed threshold runoffs between this study area and three other basins in United States, the computed results in this study were reasonable. It can be concluded that the developed system on ArcView/Avenue are useful for computing threshold runoff on small catchment and can be used as a component of flash flood forecasting system.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to develop rail rockfall and landslide information system to manage spatial database using GIS. For this, a spatial database containing information such as railroad, map, topographic analysis, meteorological data, and rockfall has been constructed for 2.5 km or 5 km buffer zone from the Kyungchun, Youngdong, Jungang, Taebak and Jungsun Rairoad where risk of landslide occurrence potential is high. For management of the spatial database, railroad rockfall and landslide information system has been developed. The information system consists of view, table, chart, layout and project environment. The functions provided in the system are data conversion, editing, labeling, zoom in and out, map making, graphic editing, text DB management, charting, on-line help as well as input, retrieve and output of spatial database. The system was developed using ArcView script language Avenue, and consisted of pull-down menus and icons for easy use. The spatial database and the information system can be used to rockfall and landslide management and analysis near the railroad as basic data and tool.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.119-132
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• 2012

Korea's latest quantitative urban development led to a result to lose our public properties' identity provided by urban environment, so we now have to think how to solve environmental matter of one-sided public design. Because one city's public environment is the central axis to determine its first impression and also connected with its overall value, the region's value show obvious differences by its urban scape design. Therefore we analyzed current cityscape of Tokyo's Marunouchi street and Avenue des Champs-Elys$\acute{e}$es in Paris which applied how to connect visual and physical characteristics of urban space representation to outdoor space's nature well, and tried to reconsider what is our design identity of creative cityscape.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.231-235
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• 2004

Landsat satellite images were analyzed to study vegetation change patterns of warm-temperate forests from 1991 to 2002 in Wando. For this purpose, Landsat TM satellite image of 1991 and Landsat ETM image of 2002 were used for vegetation classification using ENVI image processing software. Four different forest types were set as a classification criteria; evergreen broadleaf, evergreen conifer, deciduous broadleaf, and others. Unsupervised classification method was applied to classily forest types. Although it was impossible to draw exact forest types in rocky areas because of differences in data detection time and rough resolution of image, 2002 data revealed that total 2,027ha of evergreen broadleaf forests were growing in Wando. Evergreen broadleaves and evergreen conifers increased in total areas compared to 11 years ago, but there was sharp decrease in deciduous broadleaves. GIS-based management system for warm-temperate forest was done using Arc/Info. Geographic and attribute database of Wando such as vegetation, soils, topography, land owners were built with Arc/Info and ArcView. Graphic user interface which manages and queries necessary data was developed using Avenue.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.3
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• pp.431-439
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• 2000

In this study, a GIS-application model to determine the optimal route of eco-friendly forest roads and to evaluate the environmental and engineering features of the route was developed. The model consists of five modules for managing spatial and attribute data, determining the optimal route for forest road projection, evaluating environmental and engineering efficiency of forest roads, analyzing characteristics of mountain terrains and report-writing. Using the pull-down menu system, these modules were integrated to be user-friendly for forest field practitioners. Visual Basic 6.0 and Avenue were used as the programming tool and the commercial GIS softwares, ArcView 3.1, Spatial Analyst and 3-D Analyst were used as the basic engine of the model for GIS analysis. In this paper, discussed are the principles for forest road projection and evaluation and structures and application features of the model.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.515-515
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• 2015

토양유실량을 산정하기 위한 모델로 Universsal Soil Loss Equation(USLE)가 전 세계적으로 가장 많이 사용되고 있다. USLE 모형은 농경지에서 면상침식(Sheet erosion)과 세류침식(Rill erosion)을 모의할 수 있는 시험포단위 모형(Field-scale)으로 농경지에서 유실된 토양이 하류 하천으로 얼마나 흘러 들어가 하류 수계의 탁수발생과 이에 따른 수질악화에 얼마나 기여하는지, 즉, 유역단위의 토양유실량을 평가하는데 이용될 수 없다. 이러한 단점을 극복하기 위하여 Sediment Assessment Tool for Effective Erosion Control (SATEEC) ArcView 시스템이 개발되어 사용되고 있다. SATEEC ArcView 시스템은 USLE모형의 입력자료와 DEM만으로 유역면적에 따른 유달률을 산정하여 유역에서 유실된 토양이 얼마만큼 하류로 유달되는지를 모의할 수 있으며, 유역 경사도에 의한 유달률도 산정할 수 있어 지형적인 특성을 좀 더 다양하게 분석 할 수 있게 개발 되었다. 그러나 ArcView는 출시한지 오래되어 사용자가 많지 않고, 프로그램상의 오류가 많고, 대용량의 데이터 처리가 가능한 64비트 운영체제에서는 설치가 불가능한 단점이 있다. 또한, ArcView의 프로그래밍 언어인 Avenue는 클래스를 정의한다거나 상속을 한다거나 하는 문법을 제공하지 않기 때문에 객체지향 언어로 보기에는 부족하다고 할 수 있다. 또한, 최근의 ArcGIS 기반의 많은 모델들이 서로 연계하여 사용하고 있으나, Avenue는 기타 다른 프로그래밍 언어와 연계하여 사용하기가 쉽지 않은 단점이 있다. 그러나 최근 ArcGIS 버전들의 프로그래밍 언어인 Python은 간결하고 확장성이 좋으며, 다른 언어와의 연계가 쉽다. 또한, ArcGIS 10.x버전부터 제공되는 arcpy 모듈은 사용자와의 접근성이 매우 향상되었다. 따라서 SATEEC ArcView 버전을 ArcGIS 10.1 기반의 Python 으로 재개발하여 기존의 불편한 접근성과 대용량 데이터의 처리가 불가능했던 부분을 개선하였다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.217-225
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• 2021

This study evaluated the species composition, diversity and phorophyte preference of epiphytes at the University of Port Harcourt located in southern part of Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique was used to select sites representing major avenues in the three campuses (Abuja, Choba and Delta) of the University. Data were collected on species name of phorophytes, number of individuals, diameter at breast height (dbh) and height, and species/number of epiphytes present on them. The points/sections of attachment of epiphytes on phorophytes were also recorded. A total of eight species of epiphyte belonging to six families were recorded in the study. Species diversity was higher in Abuja campus (Simpson 1-D=0.81; Shannon H=1.79), followed by Choba campus (Simpson 1-D=0.73; Shannon H=1.09) and Delta campus (Simpson 1-D=0.56; Shannon H=0.93). Species richness was highest in Abuja campus (n=8) followed by Delta campus (n=4) and Choba campus (n=3). Similarity in epiphyte species composition was highest between Choba and Delta campuses (85.71%), followed by Delta and Abuja campuses (66.67%) and lowest between Choba and Abuja campuses (54.55%). The family-Polypodiaceae, had the highest number of species (n=3). Microgramma owariensis had the highest relative abundance (27%) followed by Platycerium bifurcatum (26%) while Tillandsia utriculata and Peperomia pellucida had the least relative abundance (3%). Epiphyte abundance was weakly correlated with both the dbh and height of phorophytes. However, epiphytes were more abundant on phorophytes with rough/scaly/corky/flaky barks than on those with smooth barks. The planting of avenue tree species with rough barks is recommended to enhance the diversity of epiphytes in the study area.