• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
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• pp.255-259
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• 2002

To reduce the uncertainty in the calibration of radiation beams, absorbed dose to water for high energy electrons is recommended as the standards and reference absorbed dose by AAPM Report no.51 and IAEA Technical Reports no.398. In these recommendations, water is, defined as the reference medium, however, the water substitute solid phantoms are discouraged. Nevertheless, when accurate chamber positioning in water is not possible, or when no waterproof chamber is available, their use is permitted at beam qualities R$\_$50/ < 4 g/cm$^2$ (E$\_$0/ < 10 MeV). For the electron dosimetry using solid phantom, a depth-scaling factor is used for the conversion of depth in solid phantoms to depth in water, and a fluence-scaling factor is used for the conversion of ionization chamber reading in plastic phantom to reading in water. In this work, the properties, especially depth-scaling factors c$\_$p1/ and fluence-scaling factors h$\_$pl/ of several commercially available water substitute solid phantoms were determined, and the electron dosimetry using these scaling method was evaluated. As a result, it is obviously that dose-distribution in solid phantom can be converted to appropriate dose-distribution in water by means of IAEA depth-scaling.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.753-761
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• 2009

Bottled water market is growing at a rate of 10% per year in Korea. However, bottled water exhausts ground water. Korean government proposed to provide 'bottled tap water' at a low price in 2008. This study is the estimation of 'bottled tap water' market scale using binary logit model. we calculate that 'bottled tap water' market scale is from at least 92 billion won to 154 billion won by 150, 250 won per a bottled water, respectively. This paper indicates that scale of 'bottled tap water' market is a half of 'bottled water' market in 2007. This result provides that policy-makers with available and responsible information regarding the scale of 'bottled tap water' market.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2002년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.33-36
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to develope a indicator for agricultural water use. Agricultural water is challenged by the increase of water use in the sectors of urbanization and industry and social pressure to use water in sustainable and environmentally sound way. The development of agricultural environment indicators is divided into 13 sectors, among which agricultural water use indicators include amount and intensity of agricultural water use, efficiency of agricultural water use, shortage or surplus of water use, water stress, etc.. Agricultural water use indicators provide basic data for sustainable and environmentally sound agricultural development, and also help policy decision makers to solve water shortage problems through water policy and water management measures by making the most of the total available water resources.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.213-220
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• 1982

기상자료(氣象資料)와 토양수분조건에 의하여 작물(作物)의 증발산량(蒸發散量)을 산정(算定)할 수 있는 방법(方法)을 모색(模索)하기 위하여 유효토심과 토성(土性)이 상이(相異)한 Lysimeter내(內)에서 콩-보리를 재배(栽培)하면서 1977년(年)부터 1980년(年)까지 토양수분함량(土壤水分含量)의 변화양상을 조사(調査)하였다. 증발산량(蒸發散量)은 깊이별(別) 토양수분함량(土壞水分含量) 증성자(中性子) 수분측정기(水分測定器)(Neutron moisture depth gauge)로 조사(調査)하여 물수지식에 의거(依據) 계산(計算)하였으며, 대기(大氣)의 증발요구도(蒸發要求度)는 대형(大型)팬 증발량(蒸發量)을 직접(直接) 이용(利用)하였고, 열(熱)-물 수지를 계산(計算)하는데 강우량(降雨量) 일사량(日射量) 풍속(風速)을 활용(活用)하였다. 작물(作物)의 1일(日) 증발산량(蒸發散量)은 산출기간(算出値間)에 변이(變異)가 컸으나 평균(平均)해서 보면 콩에 있어서는 파종기(播種期)에 1.6mm/일(日)에서 개화기(開花期)에 6.5mm/일(日)에서 범위(範圍)이었고, 보리에 있어서는 월동직후(越冬直後)에 0.5mm/일(日)에서 출수기(出穗期)에 4.6mm/일(日)의 범위(範圍)에 있었다. 대형(大型)팬 증발량(蒸發量)에 대한 증발산량(蒸發散量)의 비(比)(ET/Eo)는 콩에서는 0.5~1.1, 보리에서는 0.4~1.2범위이었다. ET/Eo는 토양증발인자(土壤蒸發因子)(Ke)와 작물증산인자(作物蒸散因子)(Kt)로 구분 평가하였는데 Ke는 0.02~0.60, Kt는 0~1.2 범위(範圍)로 밝혀졌다. Ke는 토양수분(土壤水分)이 낮을수록 작물피복도(作物被覆度)가 클수록 감소(減少)되는 양상(樣相)을 보였으며 Kt는 근권(根圈)의 유효수분률(有效水分率)(f)이 임계치(臨界値) 이상(以上)에서는 일정(一定)값을 보이나 그이하(以下)에서는 f에 따라 직선적(直線的)으로 감소(減少)되는데 그 변화양상(變化樣相)은 작물(作物)과 대기(大氣)의 증발요구도(蒸發要求度)에 따라 다르게 나타났다. Kt가 직선적(直線約)으로 감소(減少)되는 임계(臨界) f치(値)는 Eo가 클 경우에는 0.90~0.95, 보통일 때는 0.7정도, 낮을 때는 0.4~0.5이었다. 이상에서 밝혀진 Eo, Ke, Kt 및 f를 이용(利用)하여 콩-보리 작부(作付)에서 증발산량(蒸發散量)을 산출(算出)할 수 있도록 수식화하였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2006

The effluent limitations for individual industry based on the best available technology economically achievable (BAT) have been required to achieve effective regulation. BAT assessment criteria that are suitable for the circumstances of Korean industry were developed in the previous study. The criteria were applied to determine the BAT for petrochemical basic compound manufacturing (PBCM) and plastics and synthetic resins manufacturing (PSRM) industry. Wastewater discharged from the each category contains high concentration of COD and toluene. Eighteen sites were surveyed and wastewater qualities were analyzed. Six and two different technologies were applied to the PBCM and PSRM industry for the end-of-pipe treatment process, respectively. The technology candidates were evaluated in terms of environmental impacts, economically achievability, treatment performance and economical reasonability. As the result, the technology options: typical activated-sludge process + sand filtration + activated carbon adsorption (PBCM) and wet oxidation + chemical precipitation + typical activated-sludge process + chemical precipitation (PSRM) were selected as the BAT for each industry.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.31-34
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• 1993

There is a growing concern in the United Stares over the environmental and human health implications associated with heavy use of water, pesticides, and inorganic ferilizers in maintaining picture perfect golf courses. There is also a growing awareness that a beautiful course is not necessarily a healthy course. The following discussion reviews the interrelationship of turfgrass and the soil that supports it and provides basic information on currently available alternatives to turf management practices that feature intensive application of inorganic fertilizers. water and pesticides. Soil is a dynamic natural environment in which microorganisms play an important role. Soil contains a large mass of microorganisms which produce thousands of enzymes that can catalyze the transformation and degradation of many organic molecules. (In top soil under optimum conditions may contain 10 billion cells per gram of soil.). Turfgrass and the soil which supports it are interdependent. The natural organic cycle as applied to turf and soil begins with healthy vigorous grass plants storing up the sun's energy in green plant tissues as chemical energy. Animals obtain energy by eating plants and when plants and animals die, their wastes are returned to the soil and provide "food" for soil microorganisms. In the next step of the organic cycle soil microorganisms break down complex plant tissues into more basic forms and make the nutrients available to grass roots. Finally, growing plants extract the available nutrients from the soil. By free operation of this organic cycle, natural grasslands have some of the most fertile soils on earths.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.180-180
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• 2023

To improve global risk management, understanding the characteristics and distribution of precipitation is crucial. However, obtaining spatially and temporally resolved climatic data remains challenging due to sparse gauge observations and limited data availability, despite the use of satellite and reanalysis products. To address this challenge, merging available precipitation products has been introduced to generate spatially and temporally reliable data by taking advantage of the strength of the individual products. However, most of the existing studies utilize all the available products without considering the varying performances of each dataset in different regions. Comprehensively considering the relative contributions of each parent dataset is necessary since their contributions may vary significantly and utilizing all the available datasets for data merging may lead to significant data redundancy issues. Hence, for this study, we introduce a site-specific precipitation merging method that utilizes the Quadruple Collocation (QC) approach, which acknowledges the existence of error-cross correlation between the parent datasets, to create a high-resolution global daily precipitation data from 2001-2020. The performance of multiple gridded precipitation products are first evaluated per region to determine the best combination of quadruplets to be utilized in estimating the error variances through the QC approach and computation of merging weights. The merged precipitation is then computed by adding the precipitation from each dataset in the quadruplet multiplied by each respective merging weight. Our results show that our approach holds promise for generating reliable global precipitation data for data-scarce regions lacking spatially and temporally resolved precipitation data.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2012

Saemangeum development project is the world's largest tidal flat reclamation project. It is currently under construction, and proceeding with phased developments. The construction of agricultural areas within the Saemangeum reclamed lands is also a part of this project. These areas will have multi-functional complexes aiming to produce mainly eco-friendly horticultural crops and livestock products for the purpose of export. The major concern is to obtain sufficient water with appropriate quality to supply to those areas. The objective of this study is therefore to provide available water supply plans for agricultural purpose, especially for horticulture and livestock complexes. Alternative methods for water supply are purifying water from the Saemangenm lake or using water supply services providing by K-water or local governments. This study investigates to find an economical water supply plan through comparisons of these methods. As a result, the water purification method with Saemangeum lake water could be advantageous for given water supply conditions to horticulture and livestock complexes.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2005년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.260-264
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• 2005

Effective use of water resources has become a social problem because the deficit of water comes from population growth and Industrial development. Therefore, the conjunctive operation of surface water and groundwater will become an alternative. Groundwater has many advantages for the evaporation and effect of rainfall compared with surface water. Although the available amount of groundwater is small, groundwater dam can be used complementarily because of the sustainable supply of water. A calculating technique of the optimal amount of water resources by the groundwater dam was developed. A pilot site was selected to assess the optial amount of groungwater for the designed groungwater dam. If the developed technique is more refined by the measured data, the groundwater dam will become a good alternative to develope the water resources in the water deficit area.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.237-241
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• 2003

The world's supply of water in all forms is enormous. However, only a tiny fraction of the planet's supply is available to us as fresh water, and that is distributed very unevenly. About 97％ of oater volume is found in the oceans and is too salty for drinking, growing crops, and most industrial uses except cooling. In addition water supply crises in already-water-short-regions will intensify because population and industrialization increase. Today, remote monitoring and control systems are becoming the cost-effective management tools for almost all water user groups, including irrigators, water districts, municipal water suppliers, and wildlife management groups. This paper represents a new approach in the water-gate control using radio communication. The proposed device is simple in structure and suitable for implementation of water-gate control through the transceiver by radio communication. It was confirmed that the developed device was very efficient to control level of water-gate and to prove the up and down motion of water-gate through the LCD displayer.