• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.485-496
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• 2021

This study explores the direct relationship between challenge and hindrance demands affecting autonomous extrinsic motivation and sales performance. In addition, we examine the mediating role of autonomous extrinsic motivation in the relationship between challenge demands, hindrance demands, and sales performance. This study explores the direct relationship between challenge and hindrance demands affecting autonomous extrinsic motivation and sales performance. In addition, we examine the mediating role of autonomous extrinsic motivation in the relationship between challenge demands, hindrance demands, and sales performance. This study proceeded in two phases comprising preliminary and prime research. First, preliminary quantitative research was conducted through face-to-face interviews with 125 observations to analyze the reliability of the scale and exploratory factor analysis to evaluate the measurements. The data collected from 431 real estate market employees shows that both challenge and hindrance demands positively and negatively affect sales performance through autonomous extrinsic motivation. Furthermore, challenge demands and hindrance demands affect positive and negative sales performance through autonomous extrinsic motivation, respectively. This study suggests that business organizations should design job demands to ensure that challenging work is suitable for employees' job positions. Thus, they will contribute to motivation and help employees achieve job performance.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.105-111
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• 2015

Purpose - Many global companies across industries are paying significant attention to co-creation activities, which enable consumers to participate in firms' value creation process, as a main model of new product development processes. In this study, we aim to examine different types of co-creation activities and their effects on consumer attitudes. We focus on upstream co-creation, downstream co-creation, autonomous co-creation, and sponsored co-creation. Upstream co-creation includes firms' control and management in the initial stage of new product development and prototype testing. Downstream co-creation indicates that consumers participate in firms-initiative activities at a later stage in new product development, such as public relations and marketing communications. Autonomous co-creation includes consumers' commitment activities in the absence of firms' rewards. However, under the sponsored co-creation, consumers can return monetary and social rewards from firms through their co-creation activities. The hypotheses regarding the effect of co-creation on consumer attitudes are as follows. (H1, H2, H3, H4) Upstream, downward, autonomous, and sponsored co-creation has positive effects on consumer attitude. (H5, H6) As intrinsic motivation increases, the positive effect of upstream and autonomous co-creation increases. (H7, H8) As extrinsic motivation increases, the positive effect of downward and sponsored co-creation increases. Research design, data, and methodology - To achieve our research goals, we analyzed responses from 246 samples from Korean consumers and verified the proposed hypotheses using a linear regression model. The samples include Korean consumers who experienced upstream, downstream, autonomous, and sponsored co-creation by firms. Results - First, both upstream co-creation and downstream co-creation with firms and consumers are found to have positive effects on consumer attitudes. Second, autonomous co-creation and sponsored co-creation are found to positively affect consumer attitudes. Third, consumers' intrinsic motivation has a fit-effect between upstream co-creation and autonomous co-creation, and their extrinsic motivation has a fit-effect between downstream co-creation and sponsored co-creation. Consumers who have strong intrinsic motivation are affected by upstream co-creation and autonomous co-creation. However, consumers who have strong extrinsic motivation are affected by downstream co-creation and sponsored co-creation. Conclusion - These results indicate that the fit between consumers' co-creation participation types and consumers'motivations is a significant factor in determining consumer attitudes. The results of this study imply that various types of consumer participation actually improve consumers' attitudes toward products and brands. In addition, our study also suggests that firms should consider the fit between co-creation types and consumers' motivations when they initiate co-creation activities. In this study, we survey consumers who participated in firms' co-creation activities. Future studies can compare different types of consumers. For instance, we can examine the different in different test by comparing experienced versus inexperienced consumers. Finally, we expand this research to user-generated content topics. This attending issue focuses on the mechanism that breaks down the boundaries and barriers between consumers and producers.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.119-131
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference in the degree of self-determination between the criteria that general high school students consider important when selecting subjects (hereinafter referred to as 'importance') and the criteria that are actually applied when selecting subjects (hereinafter referred to as 'implementation'), based on the existing motivation type discrimination scale and subject selection criteria scale. As a result of analysis based on the data of a total of 786 high school students, the degree of self-determination was found to be different for all 34 questions and 8 factors in importance and implementation. In general, the questions and factors showed a simple structure with the motivation types and showed the lowest correlation with the motivations at both ends of the self-determination continuum. Among the factors that students consider important when selecting subjects and the factors that are actually applied, the 'SAT' factor showed the highest positive correlation with identification control. In addition, it was found that autonomous subject selection was more preferred than subject selection based on extrinsic motivation. These results are not only meaningful as the first study to analyze the degree of self-determination in the subject selection of high school students, but also can be used as useful data for customized subject selection guidance according to the degree of self-determination. The implications of this study and suggestions for follow-up studies were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.58-64
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• 2023

This study aims to analyze the differences between the safety leadership of the laboratory director, safety climate, safety motivation, and safety behavior of research workers based on whether they have participated in the certification system for exemplary laboratories in safety management (CSEL). An online survey was conducted among research workers to analyze the effect of the CSEL. The independent variables used in the survey were participation and non-participation in the CSEL, while the dependent variables were the safety leadership of the laboratory director, safety climate, safety motivation, and safety behavior of research workers. The results demonstrate that the group that participated in the CSEL had statistically significantly higher levels of safety leadership, safety climate, safety motivation, and safety behavior than the one that did not do so. Therefore, it can be concluded that the CSEL has a positive impact on the establishment of an autonomous safety management system in a laboratory by improving the safety culture and safety behavior of research workers. Further, the extrinsic factors, which are subfactors for safety motivation, did not reflect a significant difference between the group that participated in the CSEL and the one that did not. Thus, a reward system for research workers with excellent safety activities should be operated by research institutes since it is necessary to strengthen the intrinsic safety motivation of individual research workers which can be strengthened by compensation. The government should consider measures such as providing research incentives to researchers participated in CSEL.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.107-118
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• 2016

Purpose - In today's markets, new technologies such as social network systems and user generated contents have provided consumers with access to unlimited amounts of information and an ability to communicate with other consumers in the world. Specially, the massive of the internet and the development of online communities and interactive platforms offer the potential to cocreate with a large number of consumers. Significant changes in marketplace suggest that simply being consumer oriented is not enough, so firms must learn from and collaborate with consumers to create values that meet their individual and dynamic needs. In these sense, emergent perspectives in marketing highlight new opportunities for co-opting consumers as a means to define and cocreate value through their engagement. Although the importance of consumer co-creation with firms, the current literature lacks the respond to two questions: (1) who are the most competent consumers for creating the values with firm? and (2) what are the stimulaters to help the consumers engage for co-creation? To this answer the question, this research investigate how to structure consumer motivations to encourage consumers to be more engaged for co-creation and what drives a consumer to get involved to respond to a call for co-creation. Research design, data, and methodology - To empirically test the hypotheses, a survey was conducted among consumers who had experienced the co-creation including upstream, downstream, autonomous, and sponsored co-creation with the firms. We collected a total of 343 responses. After we excluded 37 questionnaire because of incomplete responses, a total of 306 questionnaire remained. Working with a sample of 306 responses in Seoul and Kwangju, hierarchical moderated regression is employed to test research hypotheses. Results - The results indicated that consumer creativity and emergent nature are positively related to engagement in co-creation including upstream, downstream, autonomous, and sponsored co-creation. Also, the relationships between consumer creativity/emergent nature and engagement in co-creation were moderated by intrinsic motivation in case of upstream and downstream co-creation. Finally, interaction effects between consumer creativity/emergent nature and extrinsic motivation were not significant. Conclusions - These results suggest that marketing managers have to consider the consumer personality such as creativity and emergent nature and stimulate the intrinsic motivation of consumer to achieve the co-creation project successfully.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.51-78
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• 2020

Recently, the emphasis on self-directed learning and lifelong education is increasing the importance of school libraries in the curriculum. Accordingly, various studies have been conducted mainly from a structural, institutional and operational point of view. However, more research is necessary on the micro topics such as school library users' autonomous intrinsic motivations in the sense that school libraries play key roles in autonomy-based self-directed education. This study aims at finding out what types of school library use motivations are more important and the degree to which the use motivations affect the school library service quality based on the self-determination theory. In addition, this study examines how the use motivations and the perceived service quality vary depending on the school grade of the library users. Based on a focus-group-interview pilot study, a questionnaire survey was administered on the effects of school library motivations on perceived library service quality to 588 students from 5 high schools and 2 middle schools in Seoul. When the service quality and its components, service affect, information control, and library as place were set as dependent variables, in all these four cases, intrinsic motivations were more significant than extrinsic motivations. In addition, when middle school students and high school students were selected as separate analysis target groups, the results of both analyses show that the higher the intrinsic motivations were, the higher the perceived service quality was. The contribution of this study is that it applies the self-determination theory to school library service, measures the influence of motivation type based on the theoretical basis, and focuses on micro aspects to improve school library services.