• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.273-278
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• 1995

This study is to estimate the ventilation volume by the traffic that originated from driving automobiles for two tunnels (Kugi tunnel and Kumhwa tunnel) that adopted natural ventilation system among tunnels of Seoul, and on the basis of which, we estimated the ventilation velume at various conditions. With the result of the estimation, we will present the basic method that can be operated with the optimum condition for the ventilation system. Estimating the predicted ventilation volume in the tennel by the pollutant concentration, we used traffic volume and CO emission data by the automobile speed and CO concentration in the tunnel. And, when we estimated the traffic ventilation volume by natural and traffic ventilation force, we used traffic volume, automobile speed, tunnel area, automobile area data and so on. As the result of simple regression between predicted ventilation volume and traffic ventilation volume, we attained the regression coefficient 0.88, and achieved the relation form that predicted ventilation volume equal 0.12x traffic ventilation volume-92, 000. Using this equation, we estimated the ventilation volume to satisfy the enviromnental standards of several space, and calculated the required volume for mechanical ventilation. Incase of Kumhwa Tunnel, there is a need of mechanical ventilation all day long to satisfy air quality standard 9 ppm for 8 hours average and 10 ppm for the indoor air quality standard of public facilities.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.84-91
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• 2001

To investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of the on a road vehicle, experimenrs were performed at an Atmospheric Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel. The scaled model of an automobile with 1 : 3 scaling ratio was used. The Reynolds number based on the free stream velocity and model length was $7.93{\times}10^5$. The influence of crosswind to the stability of automobile was investigated by the pressure distribution measurements and flow visualization studies. with the variation of the angle of attack, the change in pressure coefficient depends highly on the flow separation regimes. The experimental and numerical results are compared and found to be in good agreements.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.65 no.8
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• pp.1392-1399
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• 2016

Blackout effect occurs when a driver misadapts to the changed lighting conditions upon entering a tunnel. This could lead to a decrease in visibility especially in the daylight, depending on the difference in the degree of brightness between inside and outside the tunnel. To alleviate such a problem, we decrease windshield transparency before the driver arrives at the tunnel entrance. Controlled amount of light inside the car can allow the drivers to adjust to the dark prior to entering. The windshield transparency coefficient is to be determined by the arrival time at the tunnel and difference in the level of brightness between inside and outside the tunnel. Navigation, road sign detection, and tunnel entrance detection provide the arrival time. We also designed an opto-electronic conversion function to estimate the level of brightness. The black-hole phenomenon alleviation method is verified by field experiments using an automobile camera and a navigation. The result shows that the adjusted windshield transparency is able to provide an environment with a comfortable level of brightness with which the drivers can enter tunnels without the visibility problem.

• Air Cleaning Technology
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• v.9 no.4 s.35
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• pp.41-52
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• 1996

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.588-597
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• 2012

In the present study, the dispersion characteristics of hydrogen leakage from a Fuel Cell Vehicle (FCV) were analyzed by numerical simulation in order to assess the risk of a hydrogen leakage incident in a long road tunnel. In order to implement the worst case of hydrogen leakage, the FCV was located at the center of a tunnel, and hydrogen was completely discharged within 63 seconds. The Leakage velocity of hydrogen was adopted sub-sonic speed because that the assumption of the blockage effect of secondary device inside a vehicle. The temporal and spatial evaluation of the hydrogen concentration as well as the flammable region in a road tunnel was reported according to change of ventilation operating conditions. The hydrogen was blended by supply air form a ventilation fan, however, the hydrogen was discharged to outside in the exhaust air. It is observed that the efficiency way to eliminate of hydrogen is supply air operating condition under the hazardous hydrogen leaking incident. The present numerical analysis can be provided useful information of ventilation under the hydrogen leaking situation.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.73-77
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• 1998

In this study, a total of 10 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including BTEX were determined in the inside and outside of a highway thnnel in order to evaluate the emission profile of automobile exhaust with respect to the concentrations, relative ratio and correlation coefficient of target analytes. In addition to VOCs, CO $CO_2 and NO_2$ were measured simultaneously. The results of this study indicated that the most abundant compound was toluene followed by benzene and m+p-xylenes, and the correlation coefficients between VOCs except styrene were higher than 0.96. The concentration ratio of toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes with respect to benzene measured in the inside of tunnel was 1.5, 0.13, 0.74, respectively. Such ratios were found to be very similar to those measured in tunnels in the USA.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.340-345
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• 2002

Passengers in automobile or train are exposed to a worse noise environment when they are in the tunnel than in the open field. This is due to a relatively higher space density of sound energy by multiple reflection phenomenon of noise generated by operation of transportation vehicles from tunnel wall compared to open field. In this study, noise characteristics of subway train running through a tunnel were investigated at straight/curved track and tunnel type(semi circular/box). Also the noise measured simultaneously at inner and outer sides of train running through a tunnel, so that the coherence of the various noise sources of subway train to inner noise was evaluated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.338.2-338
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• 2002

Passengers in automobile or train are exposed to a worse noise environment when they are in the tunnel than in the open field. This is due to a relatively higher space density of sound energy by multiple reflection phenomenon of noise generated by operation of transportaton vehicles from tunnel wall compared to open field. In this study, noise characteristics of subway train running through a tunnel were investigated at straight/cruved track and tunnel type(semi circula/box). (omitted)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 1999

When Automobile runs high velocity, it causes sleepy velocity profile then that generates lift force and drag force. Lift force reduce tire friction force. Drag force increase consumed power. For improve automobile performance, reduction of Lift force and Drag force was seriously considered. It measured experimently using wind tunnel, numerically using numerical analysis. Finite difference method is using difference equation and simplifed mesh. This method require less calculation time and computer power than other method.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.60-71
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• 2022

A wind tunnel provides artificial airflow around a model throughout the test section for investigating aerodynamic loads. It has various applications, which include demonstration of aerodynamic loads in the building, automobile, wind energy, and aircraft industries. However, owing to the high equipment costs and space-requirements of wind tunnels, it is challenging for numerous studies to utilize a wind tunnel. Therefore, a digital wind tunnel can be utilized as an alternative for experimental research because it occupies a significantly smaller space and is easily operable. In this study, we performed airfoil testing based on velocity field measurements utilizing a digital wind tunnel. This wind tunnel can potentially be utilized to test the full-range aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils.