• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 2024

This study aims to contribute to efficient paddy field water management by developing an IoT-based automatic paddy inlet that can consider water level changes according to variations in the supplied water quantity through irrigation channels. This IoT-based automatic paddy inlet not only ensures water level changes based on the supply of irrigation water but also secures irrigation efficiency. The effectiveness and efficiency of the developed IoT-based automatic paddy inlet were presented to contribute to efficient paddy field water management. As a result, the IoT-based automatic paddy inlet demonstrated the capability to maintain the optimal water level in the paddy field. Particularly, it exhibited up to 18.4% higher water resource usage efficiency compared to conventional paddy inlet, emphasizing the IoT-based automatic paddy inlet's advantage in terms of water resource usage.

• KCID journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.36-46
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• 2000

An automatic inlet and a semi automatic inlet were developed for the optimal supply of irrigation water in the paddy field. The automatic inlet checks the water level in the paddy field and operates automatically by combination of two floats. In case of t

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.125-130
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• 2015

Field study was carried out to assess the effect of automatic inlet and filtration outlet to reduce non-point source discharge and save agricultural irrigation water from paddy. The comparison of control and treated plots showed that irrigation water was saved up to 58 mm and discharge water was reduced up to 110 mm. The filtration outlet improved the discharge water quality for SS, COD, TN and TP up to 60.1 %, 0.1 %, 4.5 %, and 26.0 %, respectively. Overall, the findings of this study indicated that non-point source pollution discharged from paddy fields where automatic inlet and filtration outlet were installed could be reduced 266.3 kg/ha/yr in SS, 10.3 kg/ha/yr in COD, 1.22 kg/ha/yr in TN, and 0.10 kg/ha/yr in TP, respectively. This clearly showed that the automatic inlet and filtration outlet are effective management method for saving of agricultural water and protecting water environment.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.93-100
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• 2007

The flow velocity distribution at inlet and exit of Diesel Particulate Filter(DPF) by fabricating L-shape connector with the DPF was measured using a Pitot-tube and 2-D transverse machine. An adaptor designed for making the Pitot tube probe access to the inlet and exit of the DPF was connected with the inlet and exit flange of the DPF, respectively. The Pitot tube which was mounted in the 2-D positioning machine could access to the inlet and exit of the DPF through the rectangular window of the adaptor. The L-shape connector in the DPF inlet has a flow guide which is a perforated steel pipe. The flow velocity distribution at the inlet of the DPF showed a chaotic velocity distribution which is different from that with a diffuser type connector. The velocity distribution at the exit of the DPF showed a crown shape which is similar to that of the diffuser type connector. The velocity distribution at the exit of DPF showed different patterns according to the air flow rate.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 1995

Three types of floating-type automatic inlet were developed for the purpose of reduc- ing farmer's working hours required for water management and saving irrigation water. The point of automation is to use a float within the inlet which is floated and sinked by the ponding depth of paddy field, Thus opens and closes the control gate of irrigation. Suitability of each inlet may depend on production cost, applicability to paddy field condi- tions, and feasibility to farmers, etc. The first model was composed of three parts : chamber for irrigation control gate, chamber for float controlled by ponding depth, and connection bar between the two parts. It was designed to open and close the control gate gradually as the ponding depth drops and rises to a certain level. The second model was designed to improve the weak point of the first model which is the imperfect-closing of gate when it approaches to the end of ir- rigation. A switch-spring was equipped above the connection bar for perfect opening and closing of gate when the ponding depth reaches to a certain level. The third model was designed by combining the two chambers, that is, cut in halves the inlet volume of the above two models. Magnets were equipped above the float for perfect opening and closing gate. The functional experiment for three developed inlets was successfully carried out and the rating curves were derived.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.283-293
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• 2015

The effect of the inlet swirling flow in a hydraulic turbine draft tube is a very complex phenomenon, which has been extensively investigated both theoretically and experimentally. In fact, the finding of the optimal flow distribution at the draft tube inlet in order to get the best performance has remained a challenge. Thus, attempting to answer this question, it was assumed that through an automatic optimization process a Genetic Algorithm would be able to manage a parameterized inlet velocity profile in order to achieve the best flow field for a particular draft tube. As a result of the optimization process, it was possible to obtain different draft-tube flow structures generated by the automatic manipulation of parameterized inlet velocity profiles. Thus, this work develops a qualitative and quantitative analysis of these new draft tube flow field structures provoked by the redesigned inlet velocity profiles. The comparisons among the different flow fields obtained clearly illustrate the importance of the flow uniformity at the end of the conduit. Another important aspect has been the elimination of the re-circulating flow area which used to promote an adverse pressure gradient in the cone, deteriorating the pressure recovery effect. Thanks to the evolutionary optimization strategy, it has been possible to demonstrate that the optimized inlet velocity profile can suppress or mitigate, at least numerically, the undesirable draft tube flow characteristics. Finally, since there is only a single swirl number for which the objective function has been minimized, the energy loss factor might be slightly affected by the flow rate if the same relation of the axial-tangential velocity components is maintained, which makes it possible to scale the inlet velocity field to different operating points.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.143-149
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• 2011

The experiment has been investigated the room temperature change under adjusting 4-way valve which was installed for cooling and heating switch. Beside, the temperature of heat pump was controlled automatically for autonomously adjusting temperature and maintaining a constant room temperature. As results, Inlet & outlet temperature differences of compressor are $95^{\circ}C$ in cooling condition and $57^{\circ}C$ in heating condition. Therefore, Compression efficiency of cooling effect is higher than heating effect. In addition, Heat exchange effect of Cooling system condition is higher than heating system. This results can be used for studying about automatic temperature control of cooling and heating system with heat pump and 4way valve.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.208-217
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• 2003

In order to construct the extrusion die surface of T -shaped sections, an automatic surface construction method based on NURBS surface and area mapping method is proposed in the present work. In the present study, a center point for area mapping is determined by introducing the mapping concept based on constant area proportionality between original billet and final product. The characteristic points of inlet profile are determined using the traditional area mapping method and the root finding numerical method. The inlet and outlet profiles are precisely described with NURBS curves using the characteristic points of entry and exit sections. For the construction of NURBS surface, an interpolation method for the pre-determined two section curves has been developed to be used in the generation of interior control points and weights. To show the validity of the proposed method, automatic die surface generation is carried out for the T-shaped section and T-shaped section with rounded corners.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.572-581
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• 2003

In this paper, an automatic surface construction method based on B-spline surface and scalar field theory is proposed to generate the extrusion die surface of non-symmetric H-and U-shaped sections. The isothermal lines and stream lines designed in the scalar field are introduced to find the control points which are used in constructing B-spline surfaces. Intersected points between the isothermal lines and stream lines are used to construct B-spline surfaces. The inlet and outlet profiles are precisely described with B-spline curves by using the centripetal method for uniform parameterization. The extrusion die surface is generated by using the cubic curve interpolation in the u-and v-directions. A quantitative measure for the control of surface is suggested by introducing the tangential vectors at the inlet and outlet sections. To verify the validity of the proposed method, automatic surface generation is carried out for extrusion die of non-symmetric H-and U-shaped sections.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.318-321
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• 2003

In order to generate the extrusion die surface of non-symmetric H- and U-shaped sections, an automatic surface construction method based on B-spline surface and scalar field theory is proposed in this study. The isothermal lines and stream lines designed in the scalar field are introduced to find the control points which are used in constructing B-spline surfaces. Intersected points between the isothermal lines and stream lines are used to construct B-spline surfaces. The inlet and outlet profiles are precisely described with B-spline curves by using the centripetal method for uniform parameterization. The extrusion die surface is generated by using the cubic curve interpolation in the u- and v-directions. A quantitative measure for the control of surface is suggested by introducing the tangential vectors at the inlet and outlet sections.