• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제38권6_4호
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• pp.1955-1969
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• 2022

KOMPSAT 시리즈 등 국가 위성정보를 활용하는 공공 및 민간의 사용자들은 대부분 광학 영상 중심으로 위성영상을 활용하고 있으며, 상대적으로 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) 영상의 활용은 미흡한 실정이다. 현재 운영 중에 있는 KOMPSAT-5를 비롯하여 향후 KOMPSAT-6 및 초소형 SAR 위성체계 등이 발사 예정에 있기 때문에 다양한 분야에서 SAR 위성정보의 활용요구가 증대되고 있다. 이에 따라 SAR 위성정보 활용을 지원할 수 있는 SAR 활용 핵심 기술 보유가 필요한 시점이다. SAR 특성을 활용한 핵심 활용 기술로 변화탐지 기술이 있지만 현재까지도 SAR 영상을 활용하여 자동으로 변화를 탐지하고 사용자에게 알림하는 기술 개발은 요원한 상태이다. 본 연구는 독자적인 SAR 자동변화탐지알림 기술을 확보하고 우리나라 위성정보활용협의체와 같은 공공분야 기관의 실무자가 실무에 국내 SAR 위성정보를 활용하는 것을 촉진하기 위해 다중시기 KOMPSAT-5 SAR 위성영상의 자동변화탐지알림 기능 요소를 도출하고 프로토타입 프로그램을 개발하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.1265-1272
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• 2015

To investigate the thermal environment over the summertime asphalt pavements, an automatic weather observation system was installed at a parking lot paved with asphalt to observe various meteorological parameters and surface temperature from July 1 to September 30, 2014. Since the number of rainy days in summer of 2014 particularly after the mid July is more than that of average data, a ratio of daily peak surface temperature above $45^{\circ}C$ was 28% which was lower than the average. The observational data about hourly average surface temperature and various heat balance factors at days where daily peak surface temperature is above $45^{\circ}C$ are as follows: An hour that had the daily maximum temperature was around 15 pm and the value was $49^{\circ}C$ approximately. Net shortwave radiation was the highest at 12pm as $800W/m^2$ and much radiation of $500W/m^2$ was absorbed at the ground between 11am and 17pm. Sensible heat that was delivered from the ground to the atmosphere was evaluated as $200W/m^2$ between 10am and 19pm. underground transfer heat up to $100W/m^2$ was measured as negative from 19pm to the next day 8am, which indicated the lower atmosphere was heated at night.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.527-532
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristic of urban heat island intensity in urban area formed at a basin. Thermal environments for basin-type cities are influenced by significant topographic relief winds. In this study, we analyzed the diurnal variations of the heat island intensity according to meteorological condition and season using AWS(Automatic Weather observation System) data in Daegu Metropolitan area for 1 year(3/April, 2003 $\sim$ 2/April, 2004). In this study, we defined the urban heat island intensity as the air temperature difference between two points, the downtown and the suburban area. The suburban area is located at valley mouth around the western tip of Daegu. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The maximum heat island intensity was recorded at early morning under the meteorological conditions, calm and clear 2. The heat island intensity was strong in the order of winter, fall, spring and summer. 3. The heat island intensity came out minus values in the afternoon. This phenomenon is known as a com mon for basin-type cities. 4. The heat island intensity was twice or more in clear and calm than not so.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.705-713
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• 2003

In mid-August 2002, under clear summer pressure patterns, we carried out an intensive meteorological observation to examine the warming effects due to artificial constructions in a large housing complex. We set an automatic weather system(AWS) at two places in a bare soil surface within a limited development district and an asphalt surface within a large apartment residence area, respectively. As a result of observation, it became clear that the difference of the surface air(ground) temperature between the bare soil surface and its peripheral asphalt area reached about 4$^{\circ}C$(13$^{\circ}C$) at the maximum from diurnal variation of surface temperatures on AWS data. Through the heat balance analysis using measurement data, it became clear that the thermal conditions at two places are dependent on the properties of surface material. The latent heat flux over the bare soil surface reached to about 300 W/㎡, which is more than a half of net radiation during the daytime. On the other hand, it was nearly zero over the asphalt surface. Hence, the sensible heat flux over the asphalt surface was far more than that of the bare soil surface. The sensible heat flux over the asphalt surface showed about 20∼30 W/㎡ during the night. It was released from asphalt surface which have far more heat capacity than that of bare soil surface.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1807-1820
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• 2014

The spatial and temporal changes of the annual mean urban heat island(UHI) intensity were investigated using near surface temperature data measured at 16 automatic weather systems(AWS) in Busan metropolitan area(BMA) during the 11-yr period, from 2000 to 2010. For nighttime, the annual mean UHI intensity at Dongnae(U1) in 2000 was weaker than it in 2010. However the change of the annual mean UHI intensity at Daeyeon(U2) during 11 years was different from it at U1. The annual frequency of the UHI intensity over $5^{\circ}C$ considerably increased at U2 and decreased at U1 during 11 years. The center of the UHI also spatially shifted southward with Daeyeon and Haeundae in BMA. It would be caused by the increase of urban area, population-density and transportation near U2 and by the decrease of them near U1. We found that the spatial and temporal differences of the UHI intensity have coincided with changes of land-use, population density and transportation in BMA.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2009년도 학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.103-106
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• 2009

우리나라의 경우 자연 재해로 인한 피해를 감소시키기 위해 첨단 레이더 관측시스템을 설치 및 운영하고 있으며 활용도 또한 증가하고 있어 기상재해를 대비한 정확하고 용이한 레이더 강우량 추정은 필수적 요소라 하겠다. 강우량 추정은 대기 중의 강우 입자들로부터 반사된 전파의 세기 즉 레이더의 반사도 자료와 강우와의 관계를 이용하여 강우량을 산출하며 가장 보편적으로 Marshall and Palmer (1948)에 의해 연구된 Z-R 관계식을 이용하여 강우량을 추정하고 있다. 기존의 레이더 강우량 추정시 사용되는 보정 방법인 G/R (우량계/레이더) 비는 대상유역을 격자로 나눴을 경우 강우관측소가 위치한 격자와 주변 8개의 위치한 격자의 면적강우량을 산술평균하여 사용하고 레이더 자료와 강우관측소의 강우자료를 비교하여 보정한 후 강우량을 추정하고 있다. 그러나 G/R 비를 평균하여 보정할 경우 대상유역에 위치한 강우자료가 오측이거나 관측이 되지 않았을 경우 관측지점의 강우량 추정에 영향을 주게 되며 G/R 비를 산출할 시 강우관측소가 가지는 오차를 줄이기 위하여 강우관측소의 강우자료와 레이더 자료간의 보정이 필요하다고 사료된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 레이더의 관측반경은 480km 까지 가능하지만 양질의 자료를 사용하기 위해 광덕산에 위치한 레이더의 반경 100km 내의 강우관측소를 이용하였으며 기상청에서 운영하고 있는 94개 지점의 AWS (automatic weather system)를 이용하여 대상유역에 위치한 강우관측소의 강우자료와 레이더 강우량에 통계분석을 하여 최적의 G/R 비를 산정한 후 레이더 강우량을 추정하였다. 또한 추정된 강우량을 관측된 강우량과 비교하여 적용성을 판단하였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 1999년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.103-106
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• 1999

The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM) is a United States-Japan project for rain measurement from space. The first spaceborne Precipitation Radar(PR) has been installed aboard the TRMM satellite. The ground based validation of the TRMM satellite observations was conducted by TRMM science team through a Global Validation Program(GVP) consisted of 10 or more ground validation sites throughout the tropics. However, TRMM radar should always be validated and assessed against reference data to be used in Korean Peninsula because the rainrates measured with satellite varies by time and space. We have analyzed errors in the comparison of rainrates measured with the TRMM/PR and the ground-based instrument i.e. Automatic Weather System(AWS) by means of statistical methods. Preliminary results show that the near surface rainrate of TRMM/PR are highly correlated with ground measurements especially for the very deep convective rain clouds, though the correlation is changed according to the type and amount of precipitating clouds. Results also show that TRMM/PR instrument is inclined to underestimate the rainrate on the whole over Korea than the AWS measurement for the cases of heavy rainfall.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2011

This study was conducted to identify the effect of lapse rate application according to elevation on the estimation of large scale watershed rainfall. For the Han river basin (26,018 $km^2$), the 11 years (2000-2010) daily rainfall data from 108 AWS (Automatic Weather Station) were collected. Especially, the 11 heavy rain and typhoon events from 2004 to 2009 were selected for trend analysis. The elevation effect by IDW (Inverse Distance Weights) interpolation showed the change up to +62.7 % for 1,200~1,600m elevation band. The effect based on 19 subbasins of WAMIS (Water Resources Management Information System) water resources unit map, the changes of IDW and Thiessen were -8.0 % (Downstream of Han river)~ +19.7 % (Upstream of Namhan river) and -5.7 %~+15.9 % respectively. It showed the increase trend as the elevation increases. For the 11 years rainfall data analysis, the lapse rate effect of IDW and Thiessen showed increase of 9.7 %~15.5 % and 6.6 %~9.6 % respectively.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2017

The aerosol content dynamics in a virtual system were investigated. The outcome was extended to monitor the mean concentration diffusion of aerosols in a predefined macro and micro scale. The data set used were wind data set from the automatic weather station; satellite data set from Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer aerosol index and multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer; ground data set from Aerosol robotic network. The maximum speed of the macro scale (West Africa) was less than 4.4 m/s. This low speed enables the pollutants to acquire maximum range of about 15 km. The heterogeneous nature of aerosols layer in the West African atmosphere creates strange transport pattern caused by multiple refractivity. It is believed that the multiple refractive concepts inhibit aerosol optical depth data retrieval. It was also discovered that the build-up of the purported strange transport pattern with time has enormous potential to influence higher degrees of climatic change in the long term. Even when the African Easterly Jet drives the aerosols layer at about 10 m/s, the interacting layers of aerosols are compelled to mitigate its speed to about 4.2 m/s (macro scale level) and boost its speed to 30 m/s on the micro scale level. Mean concentration diffusion of aerosols was higher in the micro scale than the macro scale level. The minimum aerosol content dynamics for non-decaying, logarithmic decay and exponential decay particulates dispersion is given as 4, 1.4 and 0 respectively.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.117-120
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• 2006

Heavy rainfall events are occurred exceedingly various forms by a complex interaction between synoptic, dynamic and atmospheric stability. As the results, quantitative precipitation forecast is extraordinary difficult because it happens locally in a short time and has a strong spatial and temporal variations. GOES-9 imagery data provides continuous observations of the clouds in time and space at the right resolution. In this study, an power-law type algorithm(KAE: Korea auto estimator) for estimating rainfall based on the rainfall type was developed using geostationary meteorological satellite data. GOES-9 imagery and automatic weather station(AWS) measurements data were used for the classification of rainfall types and the development of estimation algorithm. Subjective and objective classification of rainfall types using GOES-9 imagery data and AWS measurements data showed that most of heavy rainfalls are occurred by the convective and mired type. Statistical analysis between AWS rainfall and GOES-IR data according to the rainfall types showed that estimation of rainfall amount using satellite data could be possible only for the convective and mixed type rainfall. The quality of KAE in estimating the rainfall amount and rainfall area is similar or slightly superior to the National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service's auto-estimator(NESDIS AE), especially for the multi cell convective and mixed type heavy rainfalls. Also the high estimated level is denoted on the mature stage as well as decaying stages of rainfall system.