• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.272-277
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• 2018

Background: Studying the ecosystem carbon cycle requires analysis of interrelationships between soil respiration (Rs) and the environment to evaluate the balance. Various methods and instruments have been used to measure Rs. The closed chamber method, which is currently widely used to determine Rs, creates a closed space on the soil surface, measures $CO_2$ concentration in the inner space, and calculates Rs from the increase. Accordingly, the method is divided into automatic or manual chamber methods (ACM and MCM, respectively). However, errors of these methods and differences in instruments are unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the characteristics and difference of Rs values calculated using both methods with actual data. Results: Both methods determined seasonal variation patterns of Rs, reflecting overall changes in soil temperature (Ts). ACM clearly showed detailed changes in Rs, but MCM did not, because such small changes are unknown as Rs values are collected monthly. Additionally, Rs measured using MCM was higher than that using ACM and differed depending on measured plots, but showed similar tendencies with all measurement times and plots. Contrastingly, MCM Rs values in August for plot 4 were very high compared with ACM Rs values because of soil disturbances that easily occur during MCM measurements. Comparing Rs values calculated using monthly means with those calculated using MCM, the ACM calculated values for monthly averages were higher or lower than those of similar measurement times using the MCM. The difference between the ACM and MCM was attributed to greater or lesser differences. These Rs values estimated the carbon released into the atmosphere during measurement periods to be approximately 57% higher with MCM than with ACM, at 5.1 and $7.9C\;ton\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Conclusion: ACM calculated average values based on various Rs values as high and low for measurement periods, but the MCM produced only specific values for measurement times as representative values. Therefore, MCM may exhibit large errors in selection differences during Rs measurements. Therefore, to reduce this error using MCM, the time and frequency of measurement should be set to obtain Rs under various environmental conditions. Contrastingly, the MCM measurement is obtained during $CO_2$ evaluation in the soil owing to soil disturbance caused by measuring equipment, so close attention should be paid to measurements. This is because the measurement process is disturbed by high $CO_2$ soil concentration, and even small soil disturbances could release high levels into the chamber, causing large Rs errors. Therefore, the MCM should be adequately mastered before using the device to measure Rs.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.339-341
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• 2006

This paper proposes a method of container position measurement using automatic landing system that is estimated by a laser range finder. In the most of container position measurement methods, CCD cameras or laser scanners have been used to get the source data. However those sensors are not only weak for disturbances, for examples, the light, fog, and rain, but also the system cost is high. When the spreader arrives the goal position, it is still swung by inertia or by wind effect. In this paper, the spreader swung data have been used to find the container position. The laser range finder is equipped in the front side of spreader. It can measure distance and relative position between spreader and container. This laser range finder can be rotated as desired by a motor. And a tilt sensor is equipped on the spreader to measure spreader sway. We estimate the relative position information between the spreader and a container using the laser range finder and tilt sensor through the geometrical analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.61-68
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• 2013

Automatic measurement system is required since cycle time and cost of production are increased by various factors in manual systems. This paper presents a machine vision based prototype measurement system for the automotive axisymmetric shape parts which are generally measured by a manual system that is required the tolerance of the part is very small on each machined surface. This measurement system adopts a method in which optical lens is transferred along the profile of the part to minimize measurement cycle time. The main interest of this paper is a development of an optimum measurement algorithm to the outside diameter of the parts that can be applied to various combinations of hardware. The operating system used to implement the whole system is Window XP and corresponding environment.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.23-34
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• 2012

Computer games should keep user's immersion for fun. Flow can be occured on the balance of user's game skill level and the difficulty level of the challenges by an immersion theory. Computer games can make automatic control of the challenge difficulty level but user's game skill makes difficult to know instantly its level on gameplay because the skill is decided by game goals, user tendency, or user experience. In this paper, we proposed a method of measurement of user's gameplay skill level that we can know the skill level instantly on gameplay. The proposed methods require to be implemented in the stages of the design and implementation of the computer game to be used. Computer games can keep continuously the balance of user's game skill level and the difficulty level of the challenges in order to occur flow immersion by using the proposed measurement method and automatic control methods of the difficulty of game challenges.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2024

Accurate measurement of blood pressure is essential for classifying an individual's disease, identifying blood pressure-related risks, and managing health. Due to the environmental and health hazards of mercury sphygmomanometers, automatic sphygmomanometers using the oscillometric method are widely used in hospitals as well as in general homes, and have established themselves as a practical standard sphygmomanometer. In this study, we developed a blood pressure simulator using an actuator that provides simulated pressure to an automatic blood pressure cuff. The developed blood pressure simulator adopts an arm-shaped cylindrical shape similar to the situation in which a person measures blood pressure with an automatic blood pressure monitor, and implements a method of transmitting pressure to the cuff using a pressure plate. Accuracy was evaluated through the mean and standard deviation of the difference with the commercialized blood pressure simulator BP PUMP 2, and reproducibility was confirmed using two automatic blood pressure monitors. The developed blood pressure simulator enables automatic blood pressure monitoring in a simple manner and also meets the evaluation standards for accuracy and reproducibility. In the future, as a standardized blood pressure simulator, it is expected to be of great help in evaluating and verifying the performance of automatic blood pressure monitors by supplementing precise hardware and software and building a blood pressure database.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.980-991
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• 2023

To prevent accidents near the quay caused by a ship, ports are generally designed and constructed through navigation and berthing safety assessment. However, unpredictable accidents such as ship collisions with the quay or personal accidents caused by ropes still occur sometimes during the ship berthing or mooring process. Automatic mooring systems, which are equipped with an attachment mechanism composed of robotic manipulators and vacuum pads, are designed for rapid and safe mooring of ships. This paper deals with a displacement and velocity measurement system for the automatic mooring device, which is essential for the position and speed control of the vacuum pads. To design a suitable system for an automatic mooring device, we first analyze the sensor's performance and outdoor environmental characteristics. Based on the analysis results, we describe the configuration and design methods of a displacement and velocity measurement system for application in outdoor environments. Additionally, several algorithms for detecting the sensor's state and estimating a ship's velocity are developed. The proposed method is verified through some experiments for displacement and speed measurement targeted at a moving object with constant speed.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.304-308
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• 2008

In this paper, we present measurement method of the amount of used piped water and the communications environment for automatic piped water meter reading. The existing piped water meter reading which is carried out by the human in person by monitoring the amount of use and recording make the problem of an error of the figure and being short of staffed to carry out piped water meter reading. To solve the existing problem in this paper, the amount of used piped water is converted into data type by Photo Interrupt Sensor, and IEEE 802.15.4 Protocol is used to confirm the measurement in remote place.

• Transactions of The Korea Fluid Power Systems Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2009

Automatic power transmission systems consisted of a torque converter and several planetary gear sets, clutches and brakes are controlled by a hydraulic shift control circuit and an electronic transmission control unit. The hydraulic circuit serves for the operation of the torque converter and lubrication oil supply of the transmission system as well as for the actuation of clutches for the automatic gear shift. The complicated hydraulic control circuit constructed by many spools, solenoids, orifices and flow passages are integrated into one small valve block and it is powered by one hydraulic pump. In this paper, a test equipment was developed to measure the oil consumption of each component at various wide operating conditions. Test data about 730 sets acquired from five test items are analyzed and discussed on the oil capacity of the circuit.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.1271-1284
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• 2011

This study improves the fitness of Air Force winter service uniforms through the development of a shirt pattern drafting method and automatic pattern drafting program for MTM production. A calculation formula is formed through a correlation analysis and regression analysis using Size Korea 2004 3D measurement data after analyzing 4 kinds of existing shirt pattern drafting methods and 3 types of shirt patterns currently used for the Air Force service uniform. The results of this study are as follows: The developed pattern drafting method has 4 parts that use calculated dimensions: neck base width, front interscye, back interscye and scye depth. Other body measuring parts that have a high correlation with calculation parts are inserted into regression analysis as independent variables to create dimension calculation formulas. The result of the final study patterns were better than existing winter service uniforms in nearly all items for the appearance evaluation and motion adaptability evaluations. The method was converted into an automatic pattern drafting program using C++ after the completion of pattern drafting method development.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1984.12a
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• pp.86-90
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• 1984

In this paper, a method measuring the reverberation time simultaneously on all of the audio frequency range was studied. The system developed in this study is composed of a pink noise generator, filter bank, and microcomputer with graphic display. In the experiment, reverbration time data measured by existing analog method and by the system were compared, and were almost same through the audio frequency. Based on the conclusion, the subject method has more convenience and accuracy with algorithm program development without existing problems and it was found out that this kind of method is widely available for many branches of room accoustics and architectual acoustics.