• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2018

AGVS (Automated Guided Vehicle System) is a core technology of logistics automation which automatically moves specific objects or goods within a certain work space. Conventional AGVS generally requires the in-door localization system and each AGV equips expensive sensors such as laser, magnetic, inertial sensors for the route recognition and automatic navigation. thus the high installation cost is inevitable and there are many restrictions on route(path) modification or expansion. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose a cost-effective and scalable AGV based on a light-weight pattern recognition technique. The proposed pattern recognition technology not only enables autonomous driving by recognizing the route(path), but also provides a technique for figuring out the loc ation of AGV itself by recognizing the simple patterns(bar-code like) installed on the route. This significantly reduces the cost of implementing AGVS as well as benefiting from route modification and expansion. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique, we first implement a pattern recognition algorithm on a light-weight MCU(Micro Control Unit), and then verify the results by implementing an MCU_controlled AGV prototype.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.87-108
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to precede the acceptance study based on automation steps and user experience that was lacked in the past study on the core technology of autonomous vehicle, ADAS. The first objective was to construct the acceptance model of ADAS technology that is the core technology, and draw factors that affect behavioral intention through user experience-based evaluation by applying driving simulator. The second one was to see the change of factors on automation step of autonomous vehicle through the UX/UA score. Background: The number of vehicles with the introduction of ADAS is increasing, and it caused change of interaction between vehicle and driver as automation is being developed on the particular drive factor. For this reason, it is becoming important to study the technology acceptance on how driver can actively accept giving up some parts of automated drive operation and handing over the authority to vehicle. Method: We organized the study model and items through literature investigation and the scenario according to the 4 stages of automation of autonomous vehicle, and preceded acceptance assessment using driving simulator. Total 68 men and woman were participated in this experiment. Results: We drew results of Performance Expectancy (PE), Social Influence (SI), Perceived Safety (PS), Anxiety (AX), Trust (T) and Affective Satisfaction (AS) as the factors that affect Behavioral Intention (BI). Also the drawn factors shows that UX/UA score has a significant difference statistically according to the automation steps of autonomous vehicle, and UX/UA tends to move up until the stage 2 of automation, and at stage 3 it goes down to the lowest level, and it increases a little or stays steady at stage 4. Conclusion and Application: First, we presented the acceptance model of ADAS that is the core technology of autonomous vehicle, and it could be the basis of the future acceptance study of the ADAS technology as it verifies through user experience-based assessment using driving simulator. Second, it could be helpful to the appropriate ADAS development in the future as drawing the change of factors and predicting the acceptance level according to the automation stages of autonomous vehicle through UX/UA score, and it could also grasp and avoid the problem that affect the acceptance level. It is possible to use these study results as tools to test validity of function before ADAS offering company launches the products. Also it will help to prevent the problems that could be caused when applying the autonomous vehicle technology, and to establish technology that is easily acceptable for drivers, so it will improve safety and convenience of drivers.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.137-146
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• 2008

Even though driving under the influence of drug (DUID) is a worldwide problem, we, Korea has no regulation system yet except for alcohol, and there are little cases reported related to DUID. In order to investigate the type of abused drugs for drivers in Korea, we tried to analyze controlled and non-controlled drugs in alcohol-positive blood samples. 275 whole bloods, which were positive for alcohol on the roadside test, were collected from the police for two months ($Nov.{\sim}Dec.$ 2006). The analytical strategy was constituted of three steps: First, alcohol in blood samples were confirmed and quantified by gas chromatography. Second, controlled drugs were screened by $Evidence_{investigator}\;^{TM}$ (Randox, U.K.) as preliminary test. It was based on immunoassay by biochip array analyzer. Nine groups of drug abuse were screened: amphetamines, methamphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, opiates, barbiturates, methadone, benzodiazepines I (oxazepam) & II (lorazepam). Finally, confirmation of these drugs was performed by GC-MS. Blood samples were extracted by solid-phase extraction by $RapidTrace^{TM}$ (Zymark, U.S.A.). After trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization, eluates were analyzed to GC-MS. Total 49 drugs were investigated in this study including controlled drugs, antidepressants, 1st generation antihistamines, dextromethorphan, nalbuphine, ketamine, etc. For rapid detection, we developed the automated identification system. It was made up a new software, "DrugMan", modified Chemstation data analysis menu and newly developed macro modules. A series of peak selection, identification and reporting of the results were performed automatically by this system. Concentrations of alcohol in 275 blood samples were ranged from 0.011 to 0.249% (average, 0.119%). Among 149 blood samples, just six samples (4.0%) were showed positive results to the immunoassay: one methamphetamine and five benzodiazepines group I. By GC-MS confirmation, only benzodiazepines were detected and methamphetamine was not detected from immunoassay positive blood sample. Besides these drugs, 5 chlorpheniramines, dextromethorphan, diazepam, doxylamine, ibuprofen, lidocaine and topiramate were also detected in whole bloods by GC-MS. Conclusively, the frequency of drug abuse for Korean drivers was relatively low. There was none case which illegal drug was detected. However these results were limited to alcohol positive blood samples, so it is necessary to analyze more samples including alcohol negative blood.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.499-523
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• 2017

Objective: This study is to provide a foundation for developing comprehensive ergonomic design guidelines for in-vehicle information systems (IVIS) by giving an overview of existing researches as well as setting further research directions. Background: The drivers get much more information recently while interacting with new safety functions of the cars. To avoid cognitive overload of the drivers, IVIS should be deigned appropriately by considering various human factors and task conditions. Method: We gathered, analyzed, and summarized ergonomic researches concerned with IVIS design conducted inside and outside Korea according to a categorization system proposed in the study. Frequency analysis was conducted for figuring out what kind of issues took major part of the researches, and their trends across time and regions. Results: Compared to domestic researches, those done in overseas tend to deal with more variety of independent, dependent and extraneous variables. The overseas researches also showed a tendency to get ahead in making ergonomic guidelines for IVIS design by adapting and integrating the results from previous researches. Conclusion and Application: There have been many researches regarding with ergonomic IVIS design, but some of their results became old-fashioned as the technology evolved. Not many researches have considered diverse human factors regarding the drivers' characteristics except age and gender. It is expected that researchers and designers take advantage of this study to find and review relevant results and set out issues of their own for more progressive researches of the field.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose a design method and process for hardware and software of hybrid V2X communication module that supports both C-ITS communication protocol designed for vehicle environment and Legacy LTE communication technology. C-ITS is suitable for safety service applications due to its low latency characteristics, and Legacy LTE is a technology suitable for non-safety applications such as traffic information and infotainment due to high latency and high capacity. The hybrid V2X communication module supports multiple communication technologies of WAVE and LTE, in which WAVE supports multiple channels, so that it is designed to transmit road information such as LDM and positioning correction information to an autonomous vehicle in real time. The main design results presented in this paper will be applied to the implementation of future hybrid V2X communication terminals for vehicles.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.6C
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• pp.295-304
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• 2012

In this study, a resonant column testing system which is the largest in Korea has been developed to evaluate the dynamic deformation characteristics of coarse granular geomaterials, and the performance and the applicability of the testing system have been verified. The system has been developed as a typical Stokoe type device whose boundary conditions are fixed bottom and free top with additional mass, and can adopt a large specimen with 200 mm in diameter and 400 mm in height. The driving and measurement instruments are configured as high performance and precision systems, hence the automated testing system is appropriate to drive enough stress and to measure the behavior precisely for the test in practical manner. The dynamic response of the mechanical components and the applicability of the system have been evaluated using metal specimens as well as polyurethane specimens, and its precision was verified by comparing its results with those from other equipment and/or methods. To confirm the applicability of the large system for coarse geomaterials, the resonant column test results from both large and normal scale apparatus for the same material were compared and it was found that the result can be partially affected by scale. Finally, the dynamic deformation characteristics of coarse geomaterial which is used for construction of large dam was evaluated using the large system and its practicality could be confirmed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.163-174
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• 2002

Speeding has been reported as one of the major causes for fatal traffic accidents in Korea. The resolution against this dangerous speeding comes to make the automated speed enforcement system an enforcement tool. The speed detection device, which measures speeds of each incoming vehicles using double loop sensors, requires high accuracy. The object of this study is to develop an accurate speed measurement algorithm using double loop detectors. Some important findings are summarized as follows: 1) It was found that speed measurement errors are caused by scanning rate, distance of two loops, irregular vehicle trajectories, multiple vehicles in detection zone. 2) A proposed algorithm using two signal set proved to reduce variance as well as mean of speed measurement. 3) A proposed filtering algorithm was effective to filter irregular driving vehicles and multiple vehicles in detection zone. A comprehensive field test of developed algorithm resulted in significant improvement of speed measurement accuracy.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.24-35
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• 2004

According to the results of this study, we found through preliminary research that most of the workers studied suffered from some sort of musculoskeletal injury, but did not obtain hospital treatment, which shows that although their work was the source of injury, they did not realize the significance of their injury. In addition, there were some subjects that did not even know what musculoskeletal injuries were and in order to solve such problems, companies need to educate their workers about musculoskeletal injuries and show the significance of the injuries. Also, there was a difference in rates of musculoskeletal injuries in different occupations, with higher rates of injury in esthetics, driving and packaging positions. This calls for the use of automated machinery and alteration of the working environment to make it more ergonomic according to the recommended improvement plan, and continuous effort and support on the part of the company in order to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injuries.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.10-19
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• 2021

In this paper, we tried to derive characteristic parameters that reflect mental fatigue through EEG measurement and analysis. For this purpose, mental fatigue was induced through a resting state with eyes closed and performing subtraction operations in mental arithmetic for 30 minutes. Five subjects participated in the experiment, and all subjects were right-handed male students in university, with an average age of 25.5 years. Spectral analysis was performed on the EEG collected at the beginning and the end of the experiment to derive feature parameters reflecting mental fatigue. As a result of the analysis, the absolute power of the alpha band in the occipital lobe and the temporal lobe increased as the mental fatigue increased, while the relative power decreased. Also, the difference in power between resting state and task state showed that the relative power was larger than the absolute power. These results indicate that alpha relative power in the occipital lobe and temporal lobe is a feature parameter reflecting mental fatigue. The results of this study can be utilized as feature parameters for the development of an automated system for mental fatigue determination such as fatigue and drowsiness while driving.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.56-62
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• 2019

The high-precision laser scriber carries out scribing alumina ceramic substrates for manufacturing ultra-small chip resistors. The ceramic substrates are loaded, aligned, scribed, transferred, and unloaded. The entire process is fully automated, thereby minimizing the scribing cycle time of the ceramic substrates and improving the throughput. The scriber consists of the laser optical system, pick-up module of ceramic substrates, pre-alignment module, TH axis drive work table, automation module for substrate loading / unloading, and high-speed scribing control S/W. The loader / unloader unit, which has the greatest influence on the scribing cycle time of the substrates, carries the substrates to the work table that carries out the cutting line work by driving the X and Y axes as well as by adsorbing the ceramic substrates. The loader / unloader unit consists of the magazine up / down part, X-axis drive part for conveying the substrates to the left and right direction, and the vision part for detecting the edge of the substrate for the primary pre-alignment of the substrates. In this paper, the laser scribing machining simulation is performed by applying the instrument mechanism of each component module. Through this study, the scribing machining process is first verified by analyzing the process operation and work area of each module in advance. In addition, the scribing machining process is optimized by comparing and analyzing the scribing cycle time of one ceramic substrate according to the alignment stage module speed.