• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.3-10
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• 1999

This paper describes the development and evaluation of a Korean address input system employing automatic speech recognition technique as user interface for input Korean address. Address consists of cities, provinces and counties. The system works on a window 95 environment of personal computer with built-in soundcard. In the speech recognition part, the Continuous density Hidden Markov Model(CHMM) for making phoneme like units(PLUs) and One Pass Dynamic Programming(OPDP) algorithm is used for recognition. For address recognition, Finite State Automata(FSA) suitable for Korean address structure is constructed. To achieve an acceptable performance against the variation of speakers, microphones, and environmental noises, Maximum a posteriori(MAP) estimation is implemented in adaptation. And to improve the recognition speed, fast search method using variable pruning threshold is newly proposed. In the evaluation tests conducted for the 100 connected words uttered by 3 males the system showed above average 96.0% of recognition accuracy for connected words after adaption and recognition speed within 2 seconds, showing the effectiveness of the system.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.157-166
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• 2009

There is a growing interest in ubiquitous-related research and applications. Among them, GPS-based LBS have been developed and used actively. Recently, with the increase of large size buildings and disastrous events, indoor spaces are getting attention and related research activities are being carried out. Core technologies regarding indoor applications may include 3D indoor data modeling and localization sensor techniques that can integrate with indoor data. However, these technologies have not been standardized and established enough to be applied to indoor implementation. Thus, in this paper, we propose a method to build a relatively simple 3D indoor data modeling technique that can be applied to indoor location based applications. The proposed model takes the form of 2D-based multi-layered structure and has capability for 2D and 3D visualization. We tested three prototype applications using the proposed model; CA(cellular automata)-based 3D evacuation simulation, network-based routing, and indoor moving objects tracking using a stereo camera.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.521-531
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• 2023

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) has shown great potential in the nanoscale regime as a replacement for CMOS technology. This work presents a specific approach to static random-access memory (SRAM) cell based on 2:1 multiplexer, 4-bit SRAM array, and 32-bit SRAM array in QCA. By utilizing the proposed SRAM array, a single-layer 16×32-bit SRAM with the read/write capability is presented using an optimized signal distribution network (SDN) crossover technique. In the present study, an extremely-optimized 2:1 multiplexer is proposed, which is used to implement an extremely-optimized SRAM cell. The results of simulation show the superiority of the proposed 2:1 multiplexer and SRAM cell. This study also provides a more efficient and accurate method for calculating QCA costs. The proposed extremely-optimized SRAM cell and SRAM arrays are advantageous in terms of complexity, delay, area, and QCA cost parameters in comparison with previous designs in QCA, CMOS, and FinFET technologies. Moreover, compared to previous designs in QCA and FinFET technologies, the proposed structure saves total energy consisting of overall energy consumption, switching energy dissipation, and leakage energy dissipation. The energy and structural analyses of the proposed scheme are performed in QCAPro and QCADesigner 2.0.3 tools. According to the simulation results and comparison with previous high-quality studies based on QCA and FinFET design approaches, the proposed SRAM reduces the overall energy consumption by 25%, occupies 33% smaller area, and requires 15% fewer cells. Moreover, the QCA cost is reduced by 35% compared to outstanding designs in the literature.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.10 no.4 s.25
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• pp.9-18
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• 2004

The purpose or this study is to simulate spatially the urban expansion phenomena with a cellular automata (CA) technique using GIS. A study area, Suwon city, was selected for test of model verification and application with the classified land-use maps of three data years: 1986, 1996, and 2000. The urbanized potential maps were generated with seven criteria of one geographic factor (slope of land), and six accessibility factors (time distances from city, national road, Seoul, station, and built-up boundary), considering their weighting values, which were optimized by WSM (weighted scenario method for intensity order) combined a ranking method and a AHP technique. The optimized weighting values at the urban expansion between 1986 and 1996 were applied to verify the CA model for the other expansion between 1996 and 2000. The results of model application showed that urban sprawl phenomena of the urban expansion toward rural area can be simulated spatially and temporally with several boundary conditions considering various scenarios for the criteria and parameters of the model. Ultimately, this study can contribute to reference data for land-use planning of urban fringe areas.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.1552-1562
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• 1998

형태소 분석(Morphological Analysis)과 같은 언어학적 처리에 의존하는 기존의 한국어 문헌에 대한 자동색인 기법들은 품사의 애매모호함이나 복합명사의 처리 등으로 부담(overhead)이 크다. 또한 불용어 처리에 사용되는 불용어 리스트가 대상 문헌의 주제 분야별로 따로 구축되어야 하며 그 크기가 방대하다는 문제점이 있다. 이러한 문제점들을 해결하기 위해, 본 논문에서는 각 문헌의 텍스트에 대해 복합명사 처리나 애매모호함에 대한 엄격한 분석을 수행하지 않는 간단한 형태의 형태소 분석을 수행하여 단순명사들을 추출한다. 그런 후 이들 단순명사들을 이용하여 유한 오토마타(Finite Automata)를 구성하고, 구성된 유한 오토마타와 각 명사의 단어빈도(Term Frequency)에 의해 각 색인어 후보들의 중요도를 계산하는 자동색인 기법을 제안한다. 그 결과 품사의 애매모호함에 대한 처리나 복합명사의 처리에따른 부담을 줄일 수 있었으며, 선정된 색인어들과 수작업으로 선정한 색인어들의 비교 실험에 의해 제안한 자동색인 기법의 성능을 검증하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.987-990
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• 2005

프로그래밍 기술과 인터넷 통신의 발달로 인하여 보안성이 검증되지 않은 다양한 프로그램들이 생성되고 쉽게 유포되어 보안 취약성으로 인해 야기되는 다양한 문제의 심각성이 더해가고 있다. 따라서 사용자가 보안상 안전하게 사용할 수 있는 소프트웨어 인증절차가 필수적으로 요구되고 있는데, 이를 위해 정보유출, 파괴 등을 목적으로 하는 악성코드를 소프트웨어의 소스코드레벨에서 사전에 검출할 수 있는 기술이 요구된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 정규형 오토마타 이론을 이용하여 프로그램의 흐름을 예측 및 분석하고 이에 따른 악성프로그램의 흐름을 규칙으로 정하여 이러한 흐름에 만족하는 경우 악성코드를 식별하는 기법을 제안한다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.55-64
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• 2008

This study aims to analyze the sensitivity of WSM(weighted scenario method)-AHP method according to variation of nonlinear exponent for accessibility criteria, which are used to make urbanization potential maps with the optimal weighting value for multiple criteria in grid-based GIS technique. Besides this study tried to develop WSM-AHP2 which is simplified by using rank of the potential value for each scenario. The two methods were applied to the test area, Suwon city located south area of Seoul, with time series land-use maps of 1986 and 1996. The evaluation system of urbanization potential have 7 criteria including 6 accessibility criteria. The results of WSM-AHP2, the optimal weighting values and their corresponding potential maps, have almost similar with those of WSM-AHP. In the application of CA(cellular automata) model for expansion of urbanized area using the three potential maps by WSM-AHP, WSM-AHP2, and specialists's AHP evaluation, it also showed that the accuracy of simulation for actual urban area is the highest in the potential map of WSM-AHP, followed by WSM-AHP2 and specialists's AHP evaluation. From the results of this study, WSM-AHP and simplified WSM-AHP2 will be used to generate the optimal potential maps for land-use planning in urban fringe area.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.34 no.3_4
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• pp.239-247
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• 2016

In recent years, CA has been applied to image security due to its simple and regular structure, local interaction and random-like behavior. Since the initial state is regenerated after some iterations in the group CA, the receiver is able to decrypt by the same CA. Pries et al. showed that the all lengths of the cycles in the complemented group CA C with rules 195, 153, and 51 are equal to the order of C. Nandi et al. reported the encryption technique using C. These results can be made efficient use in cryptosystem by expanding the Nandi's key space. In this paper, we analyze the order of the complemented group CA derived from 90=150 group CA and show that all the lengths of the cycles in the complemented CA are equal to the order of the complemented CA.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.77-90
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• 2000

Real-Time verification is a procedure that verifies the correctness of specification related to requirement in time as well as in logic. One serious problem encountered in the verification task is that the state space grows exponentially owing to the unboundedness of time, which is termed the state space explosion problem. In this paper, we propose a real-time verification technique checking the correctness of specification by showing that a system model described in timed automata is equivalent to the characteristic of system property specified in timed modal-mu calculus. For this, we propose a local model checking method based on the value of the formula in initial state with constructing product graph concerned to only the nodes needed for verification process. Since this method does not search for every state of system model, the state space is reduced drastically so that the proposed method can be applied effectively to real-time system verification.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.825-832
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• 2021

A simulation-based approach is proposed to study the protective actions taken by residents during nuclear emergencies using cognitive findings. Human perception-based behaviors are not heavily incorporated in the evacuation study for nuclear emergencies despite their known importance. This study proposes a generic framework of perception-based behavior simulation, in accordance with the ecological concept of affordance theory and a formal representation of affordance-based finite state automata. Based on the generic framework, a simulation model is developed to allow an evacuee to perceive available actions and execute one of them according to Newton's laws of motion. The case of a shadow evacuation under nuclear emergency is utilized to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework. The illustrated planning algorithm enables residents to compute not only prior knowledge of the environmental map, but also the perception of dynamic surroundings, using widely observed heuristics. The simulation results show that the temporal and spatial dynamics of the evacuation behaviors can be analyzed based on individual perception of circumstances, while utilizing the findings in cognitive science under unavoidable data restriction of nuclear emergencies. The perception-based analysis of the proposed framework is expected to enhance nuclear safety technology by complementing macroscopic analyses for advanced protective measures.