• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1590-1598
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• 2003

In this paper we have presented the results for viscosity and self-diffusion constants of model systems for four liquid n-alkanes ($C_{12}, C_{20}, C_{32}, and C_{44}$) in a canonical ensemble at several temperatures using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The small chains of these n-alkanes are clearly $<{R_{ee}}^2>/6<{R_g}^2>>1$, which leads to the conclusion that the liquid n-alkanes over the whole temperatures considered are far away from the Rouse regime. Calculated viscosity ${\eta}$ and self-diffusion constants D are comparable with experimental results and the temperature dependence of both ${\eta}$ and D is suitably described by the Arrhenius plot. The behavior of both activation energies, $E_{\eta}$ and $E_D$, with increasing chain length indicates that the activation energies approach asymptotic values as n increases to the higher value, which is experimentally observed. Two calculated monomeric friction constants ${\zeta}$ and ${\zeta}_D$ give a correct qualitative trend: decrease with increasing temperature and increase with increasing chain length n. Comparison of the time auto-correlation functions of the end-to-end vector calculated from the Rouse model for n-dodecane ($C_{12}$) at 273 K and for n-tetratetracontane ($C_{44}$) at 473 K with those extracted directly from our MD simulations confirms that the short chain n-alkanes considered in this study are far away from the Rouse regime.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제39B권8호
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• pp.538-543
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• 2014

배의 방사 소음을 이용하여 배를 탐지하는 데는 협대역 톤을 추정하는 방법과 광대역 신호에 내포된 주기성 신호를 추정하는 방법이 있다. 그 중에서 광대역 신호에 내포된 주기성 신호를 추정하는 방법을 데몬 신호 처리법이라고 한다. 본 논문에서는 데몬 처리를 위해서 자기 상관기를 적용한 필터 뱅크를 기법을 제안한다. 그리고 합성된 신호와 실제 신호를 바탕으로 기존 방법들과 비교하여 기본 주파수 신호를 우수하게 추정할 뿐만 아니라 여러 고차 하모닉 성분들도 잘 추정하여 기본 주파수 추정의 신뢰성도 높일 수 있음을 보인다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2000

Sound intensity method is well known as a visualization technique of sound field or sound propagation in noise control. Sound intensity or energy flux is a vector quantity which describes the amount and the direction of net flow of acoustic energy at a given position. Especially two dimensional sound intensity method is very useful in evaluating periodic characteristics and acoustic propagation mode of noise source. In this paper, we have studied the noise source Identification, acoustic sound field analysis, and characteristics of noise source of rotary compressor and scroll compressor for air conditioner using complex sound intensity method. Also we proposed a now method of time domain analysis which is used in evaluating of position of noise source in rotary and scroll compressor in this paper This paper presents the advantage, simplicity and economical efficiency of this method by analysing the characteristics of noise source with two dimensional complex sound intensity simultaneously.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.2057-2066
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• 1996

^In this paper, diagnostic technique for detecting the engine faults, especially misfire, are introduced and compared with each other under the same conditions. With all of them the instantaneous angular velocitys, measured at the flywheel, were analyzed. The techniques include the frequency analysis, auto-correlation function, velocity index, acceleration index, maximum acceleration index, and integrated torque index. Since the main driving components for the angular velocity fluctuation are both the pressure and the inertia torque, the component of the inertia torque in it must be excluded to extract the information of the combustion from the angular velocity. To do this, it is required to consider only the first half of the combustion period in the angular velocity fluctuations, which has never been proposed in the existing methods. On the basis of this fact, the results show that the most effective diagnostic technique is maximum acceleration index.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2019년도 학술발표회
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• pp.390-390
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• 2019

Application of Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to the hydrological time series would be an innovative way to identify extreme rainfall events in a series. Even though the optimum number of hidden states can be identify based on maximizing the log-likelihood or minimizing Bayesian information criterion. However, occasionally value for the log-likelihood keep increasing with the state which gives false identification of the optimum hidden state. Therefore, this study attempts to identify optimum number of hidden states for Colombo station, Sri Lanka as fundamental approach to identify frequency and percentage of extreme rainfall events for the station. Colombo station consisted of daily rainfall values between 1961 and 2015. The representative station is located at the wet zone of Sri Lanka where the major rainfall season falls on May to September. Therefore, HMM was ran for the season of May to September between 1961 and 2015. Results showed more or less similar log-likelihood which could be identified as maximum for states between 4 to 7. Therefore, measure of central tendency (i.e. mean, median, mode, standard deviation, variance and auto-correlation) for observed and simulated daily rainfall series was carried to each state to identify optimum state which could give statistically compatible results. Further, the method was applied for the second major rainfall season (i.e. October to February) for the same station as a comparison.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.913-921
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• 2021

The objective of the study is to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Saudi Arabia stock market. The study relied on the data of the daily closing stock market price index Tadawul All Share Index (TASI), and the number of daily cases infected with COVID-19 during the period from March 15, 2020, to August 10, 2020. The study employs the Vector Auto-Regressive (VAR) model, the Impulse Response Function (IRF) and Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH) models. The results of the correlation matrix and the Impulse Response Function (IRF) show that stock market returns responded negatively to the growth in COVID-19 infected cases during the pandemic. The results of ARCH model confirmed the negative impact of COVID-19 pandemic on KSA stock market returns. The results also showed that the negative market reaction was strong during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study concluded that stock market in KSA responded quickly to the COVID-19 pandemic; the response varies over time according to the stage of the pandemic. However, the Saudi government's response time and size of the stimulus package have played an important role in alleviating the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Saudi Arabia Stock Market.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.69-81
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• 2020

Since airline safety depends significantly on the role of pilot, the importance of airlines' training qualified pilots and investing in the training program grows. This study aims to analyze the determinants of the commercial airline pilot competencies during the transition course. To this purpose, one-year training evaluation results of 215 new airline pilots in the JET transition course of Company K in 2019 are studied with correlation coefficient analysis, factor analysis, ANOVA, and regression analysis. Undergraduate major and Uljin-trained pilots show higher final-stage scores in PROC, AUTO, and CRM. Due to Uljin-trained pilots' higher first-stage scores, their score increase during the course is limited. Uljin-trained pilots' MANUAL scores in the final stage are lower than those of undergraduate major and overseas-trained pilots. Influence of trained location is found greater than English competency, undergraduate GPA, and ground school scores on commercial airline pilot competency evaluation scores during the program. The results will be useful in establishing scenario-based training focusing on different background to apply competency-based training and assessment.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.285-290
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• 1999

In the present paper, we report a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study for the structure and dynamics of H+ ions in non-rigid dehydrated H12-A zeolite framework at 298.15 K, using the same method we used in our previous studies of rigid and non-rigid zeolite-A frameworks. It is found that two different structures appear, depending on the choice of the Lennard-Jones parameter (σ) for the H+ ion, as is also observed in the study of rigid dehydrated H12-A zeolite framework, but the ranges of σ are different for the two structures. It is also found that some of the H+ ions exchanged their sites without changing the number of H+ ions at each site. The agreement between experimental and calculated structural parameters for non-rigid dehydrated H12-A zeolite is generally quite good. The calculated IR spectrum by Fourier transform of the total dipole moment auto-correlation function shows two major peaks, one around 2700 cm-1 and the other around 7000 cm-1. The former appears in the calculated IR spectra of non-rigid zeolite-A framework only system and the latter remains unexplained except, perhaps, as an indication of a new formation of a vibrational mode of the framework due to the adsorption of the H+ ions.

• 풍력에너지저널
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2023

In this study, synthetic time series wind data was generated numerically using a second-order Markov chain. One year of wind data in 2020 measured by the AWS on Wido Island was used to investigate the statistics for measured wind data. Both the transition probability matrix and the cumulative transition probability matrix for annual hourly mean wind speed were obtained through statistical analysis. Probability density distribution along the wind speed and autocorrelation according to time were compared with the first- and the second-order Markov chains with various lengths of time series wind data. Probability density distributions for measured wind data and synthetic wind data using the first- and the second-order Markov chains were also compared to each other. For the case of the second-order Markov chain, some improvement of the autocorrelation was verified. It turns out that the autocorrelation converges to zero according to increasing the wind speed when the data size is sufficiently large. The generation of artificial wind data is expected to be useful as input data for virtual digital twin wind turbines.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2016

목적: 게이트 심장 혈액풀 스캔(Multi-gated cardiac blood pool, GBP)은 좌심실의 기능을 비침습적으로 검사할 수 있는 간편한 방법이며 이를 통해 얻을 수 있는 좌심실 심박출 계수(Left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF)는 허혈성심질환이나 판막질환 등의 심질환에 있어서 예후를 결정할 수 있는 중요한 지표로 간주되고 있다. 정확한 LVEF를 산출하기 위해서 최적중격상(best septal view)을 얻어야한다. 본 연구는 심실중격의 각도를 측정하여 최적중격 영상을 얻고자 하였고, LAO 45 영상과의 정량분석 값을 비교하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 2015년 3월부터 7월 사이에 국립암센터 핵의학과에서 GBP 스캔을 실시한 환자 중에서 혈관조영증강 흉부 CT를 시행한 265명을 기본 대상으로 하였다. 혈관조영증강흉부 CT의 횡단면 영상에서 좌심실의 크기가 가장 크고, 심실중격의 경계가 선명한 곳을 선택한다. 극상돌기와 흉골 또는 검상돌기의 중심을 잇는 선을 가상 중앙선이라 하고, 심실중격의 경계와 평행이 되는 선과 가상 중앙선의 예각(${\theta}$)을 측정한다. ${\theta}$와 45 각도와의 차이가 ${\pm}10^{\circ}$ 이상 차이나는 환자를 대상으로 LAO 45와 $LAO\;{\theta}$ 영상을 촬영하고 자동 관심영역 설정 모드(Automated Region Of Interest; Auto-ROI)와 수동 관심영역 설정모드(Manual Region Of Interest; Manual-ROI)에서 LVEF를 5번씩 구하여 서로 비교 평가하였다. 결과: 대상 환자 265명에서 ${\theta}$의 전체 평균은 $37.0{\pm}8.5^{\circ}$ 이었다. 그 중 ${\theta}$와 $45^{\circ}$ 각도의 차이가 ${\pm}10^{\circ}$ 이상 차이나는 환자는 총 88명이었고 평균은 $29.3{\pm}6.1^{\circ}$ 이었다. LAO 45와 ${\theta}$간 측정한 LVEF 차이는 Auto-ROI와 Manual-ROI 모두에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(P < 0.001, both). 이러한 차이는 ${\theta}$와의 유의한 상관관계는 보이지 않았다. 두 방법 모두 5번 반복 측정을 통해 구한 급내 상관계수에서도 모두 95% 이상으로 우수한 재현성을 보였다. Auto-ROI 와 manual-ROI에서 측정한 LVEF 차이에 대하여 LAO 45 및 LAO ${\theta}$ 에서의 대응표본 T검정으로 비교한 결과, 두 측정 각도에서의 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 고찰 및 결론: 영상의학과에서 시행하고 있는 조영증강흉부 CT 영상을 통하여 심실중격 각도(${\theta}$)를 구하고 이를 GBP 스캔의 좌전사위상에 반영하였다. 이러한 방법은 기존의 LAO 45로 일괄적으로 촬영하던 방법과 유의한 차이를 보였다.