• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2000

Purpose : To know the possibility of clinical application of MRI using oxygen inhalation as a perfusion MRI Materials and methods : Two healthy volunteers and three patients of one moyamoya disease, one acute infarction and one meningioma were studied using a 1.5 Tesla MRI unit. Oxygen (15 liters/min) mixed with room air was given using face mask from 8 second to 35 second during the study. Images were acquired 25 times (scan time per study were 1.6 seconds) using susceptibility contrast EPI (echo planar image) sequence. Difference maps were acquired by early (study 12-18), and late (study 19-25) O2 inhalation image groups minus pre-O2 inhalation image group (study 3-9) with a Z-score of 0.7-1.0 using VB31C program of Magneton Vision. The resulting perfusion images were created by superimposition of difference maps on corresponding T1 weighted anatomic images. On moyamoya patient, similar perfusion images were acquired after Gd-DTPA injection, and compared with O2 inhalation perfusion images. Results ; The author can get the perfusion images of the brain by oxygen inhalation with susceptibility contrast EPI sequence at the volunteers, and the patient of moyomoya disease, acute infarction and meningioma. On moyamoya patient, perfusion images with O2 inhalation are similar with perfusion images by Gd-DTPA injection. Conclusion 1 This study has demonstrated that the susceptibility contrast EPI by oxygen inhalation can be used as the clinically useful perfusion MRI technique

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.215-220
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• 1988

To investigate the infection status of Enterobius vermicularis the author tried surveys by srotchtape anal swab on school-children and household environmental factors considered to have inauences on the infection were analysed by an inquiry method with questionnaire. The survey was carried out in October, 1986 and 1988 in urban and suburban areas and the results could be summarized as follows: 1. The egg Positive rate in anal swab. was 16.0% (male 14.5%, female 17.6%) out of 2, 156 school-children and higher in female group. 2. The egg Positive rate of suburban school-children (175% out of 1, 305 children of two primary schools) was a little higher than that of urban school.children (13.6% out of 851 children of one primary school). 3. The questionnaire analysis on environmental factors showed some significant relations between the egg Positive rate and such factors as the number of brothers and sisters, householder's occupation, and availability of childroom or bathroom. The results indicate that, although enterobiasis in school-children has shown decreasing tendency in Korea, it is still considerably high in some urban and suburban areas.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.30 no.4 s.59
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• pp.708-718
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• 1997

The author surveyed overall obesity indicies and factors concerned with obesity such as dietary intake, physical activity, stress and life style with the subject of doctors. The number of subjects was total 508 with 396 men and 112 women. They were subgrouped into surgical part, medical part and service and basic part by speciality. And also subgrouped into intern and resident, pay doctor, and practitioner by working type. The results were as follows. 1) Obesity indices: BMI of total doctor was $23.1{\pm}2.8$, and WHR was $0.87{\pm}0.08$ and overweight prevalence(BMI>25.0) was 23.6%. It was within normal limit but slightly over the Korean standard. The degree of obesity indices of subgroups by speciality was 'surgical part > medical part > service and basic part', and by working type was 'practitioner > pay doctor > intern and resident'. 2) Dietary intake and Physical activity: Average dietary intake was $2148{\pm}451kcal/day$. The degree of dietary intake by speciality was 'surgical part > medical part > service and basic part'. By working type it was 'practitioner > pay doctor > intern and resident'. Average physical activity was $29{\pm}5$ METs/day. The degree of physical activity also showed similiar pattern. But there was no significant difference among each groups. 3) Comparision between over-weight and non-over-weight group: The items that showed significant difference between two groups were dietary intake, skip breakfast, regular exercise, smoking, heavy drinking, chronic disease etc.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.130-135
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• 1997

Purpose : Interleukin-6(IL-6), a multifunctional cytokine, has been found to have growth and differentiation activities on a wide variety of tissues and cells, including mesangial cells. It has been known that IL-6 is an autocrine growth factor for the proliferation of mesangial cells. Several studies have been performed for revealing the clinical significance of IL-6 in mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. Methods : The author measured serum and urinary IL-6 in 30 patients with $Henoch-Sch\"{o}nlein$ purpura (HSP), 18 patients with HSP nephritis, and 10 normal children as a control group. Results : The serum level of IL-6 was increased significantly in the patients with HSP and HSP nephritis compared to normal control. The level of urinary IL-6 was increased significantly in the patients with HSP nephritis compared to both HSP and normal control groups. The level of urinary IL-6 was not correlated with the level of serum. Conclusion : IL-6 was correlated with the amount of proteinuria. These data suggest that IL-6 may be involved in the pathological proliferation of mesangial cell in HSP nephritis.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 1975

In an attempt to establish the diagnostic value of serum triiodothyronine and to correlate it with pathophysiologic mechanisms of thyroid hormones in various thyroid disorders, the author measured the serum triiodothyronine levels by means of radioimmunoassay and compared them with other thyroid function tests. This study was carried out in 152 cases with various thyroid functions; 28 cases as control, 51 cases of hyperthyroidism, 50 cases of euthyroidism and 23 cases of hypothyroidism. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The serum $T_3$ level in normal control group ranged between $131{\pm}34ng/dl$. 2. The serum $T_3$ levels ranged between $306{\pm}97ng/dl$ in hyperthyroidism $138{\pm}32ng/dl$ in euthyroidism and $60{\pm}27ng/dl$ in hypothyroidism. The significant differences between these groups were noted in this study. 3. In 5(9.9%) out of 51 cases with hyperthyoidism and 9(39.1%) of 23 cases with hypothyroidism, the serum $T_3$ were measured to be in normal range. Accordingly, the diagnostic value of the measurement of serum $T_3$ with hyperthyroidism was justifiable, but with hypothyroidism, it was less creditable than that of serum thyrotropin. 4. There was little significant difference between the diagnostic value of serum thyroxine and triiodthyronine levels in various thyroid disorders. However, $T_4/T_3$ ratio was decreased in patients with untreated hyperthyroidism because of more elevation of $T_3\;than\;T_4$. Consequently, the serum $T_3$ was more sensitive than $T_3$ in some thyroid disorders. 5. The serum $T_3$ level was much more sensitive and showed prompt shift in its level during the course of treatment on the patient with various thyroid disorders. And the measurement of serum $T_3$ was a good index for the evaluation of the thyroid function. From these results obtained, the measurement of serum $T_3$ by means of radioimmunoassay is a good way to understand the status of thyroid function with various thyroid disorders and evaluate the effects of the treatment given on these patients.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 1982

Typical stratigraphic sequences of Paleozoic form the Baegunsan Syncline (equal to Hambaeg Syncline) and Taebaegsan Group is the basement in the southern part of Kangweon Province. Deformation pattern depends on their stratigraphic site and their internal properties. In the biotite schists and meta-sandstones of Pre-Cambrian sequences, flow folds and ptygmatic folds are developed, and high strain deformation is pervasive. Deformational patterns of Cambro-Ordovician are variable because of their various formations. Fracturing is pervasive in the Jangsan Quartzite and Daegi and Maggol Limestone. Welldeveloped slaty cleavage and angular folds of kink and chevron types are the prevailing structures of pelitic rocks. The most characteristic feature of limestone alternated with argillite is the "Compositional cleavage (Author's proposal)" known as the "Worm-eatern" structures. It was known that this structures have a sedimentary origin. But their preferred orienation of long axis of erosional lime holes, originated from tectonic deformation of folding. And this structures have the same character as the axial plane cleavages. Fracturing and long wave concentric folds are dominant characters of the Upper Paleozic sequences. In this area, two folds are superimposed. Field studying and analysis of structures show that the cross-folds of NS-direction are pervasive and were deformed by the EW-directional Baegunsan Syncline. The cross-folding is the major and penetrative deformation and prior to Baegunsan Syncline.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.333-346
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• 1997

The ischemia and reperfusion injury of the skeletal muscles is caused by generation of reactive oxygen during ischemia and reperfusion. It is well known that over 4 hours of ischemia injures the skeletal muscles irreversibly. The author has demonstrated the effects of SOD (superoxide dismutase), DMTU (dimethyl thiourea) and ischemic preconditioning on ultrastructural changes of the muscle fibers in the rectus femoris muscles after 4 hours of ischemia and 1 day and 3 days of reperfusion. A total of 72 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats weighing from 200 gm to 250 gm were used as experimental animals. Under urethane(1.15 g/kg, IP, 2 times) anesthesia, lower abdominal incision was done and the left common iliac artery was occluded by using vascular clamp for 4 hours. The left rectus femoris muscles were obtained at 1 and 3 days after the removal of vascular clamp. The SOD (15,000 unit/kg) or DMTU (500 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally at 1 hour before induction of ischemia. The ischemic preconditioned group underwent three episodes of 5 minutes occlusion and 5 minutes reperfusion followed by 4 hours of ischemia and 1 day and 3 days of reperfusion. The specimens were sliced into $1mm^3$ and prepared by routine methods for electron microscopic observation. All specimens were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and then observed with Hitachi-600 transmission electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1. SOD or DMTU alone did not affect the ultrastructure of muscle fibers in the rectus femoris muscles. The electron density of mitochondrial matrix was decreased by ischemic preconditioning. 2. Dilated cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum, triad, mitochondria and the loss of myofilament in the sarcomere were observed in the 4 hours ischemia and 1 day reperfused rectus femoris muscles. Markedly changed sarcoplasmic reticulum, triad, disordered or loss of myofilament, indistinct A-band and I-band, and irregular electron lucent M -line and Z-line are seen in the 4 hours ischemia and 3 days reperfused rectus femoris muscles. 3. SOD reduced the changes of organelles in the muscle fibers of the 4 hours ischemia and 1 day reperfused rectus femoris muscles of the rats, but SOD did not affect the changes of muscle fibers in the 4 hours ischemia and 3 days reperfused muscles. On the other hand, DMTU markedly attenuated considerably the ultrastructural change of the 4 hours ischemia and 1 day or 3 days reperfused rectus femoris muscles. 4. By the ischemic preconditioning, the change was attenuated remarkably in the 4 hours ischemia and 1 day reperfused rectus femoris muscles. As the ischemic reperfused changes of muscle fibers were regenerated or recovered by ischemic preconditioning, the ultrastructures of them were similar to those of normal control in the 4 hours ischemia and 3 days reperfused rectus formoris muscles. Consequently, it is suggested that DMTU is stronger inhibitor to ischemic reperfused change than SOD. The ischemia and reperfusion-induced muscular damage is remarkably inhibited by ischemic preconditioning.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.135-150
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• 2009

Existing bibliometric laws have been established on the basis of well defined science journals with a long history. However, the history of technology innovation research in Korea is young and the scope of the research is diverse compared with other fields. The main purpose of this research can be summarized as follows : Can the traditional bibliometric laws be used to explain the young and diverse data derived from technology innovation studies in Korea. Second, we want to compare the explain ability of the power law, compared with the traditional laws in the field. Third, we propose a quasi index related to the well-known impact factor to measure the contribution of a journal or a group of journals to the development of innovation research in Korea. We confirmed Lotka's and Bradford's laws which are used to measure the productivity of researchers, but we could not support the validity of Price's Square Root law as Nicholls (1998) could not. On the citations to journals, Garfield's laws is not observed. However, the power law fits well the citations to author, journal, article, and book. The estimated parameters between 1.6 and 3.5 are similar to the values in the range of 1.5 and 3 in previous studies. Finally the quasi index shows that the influence of international leading journals on innovation research in Korea is weaker than on innovation studies in the world.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.65-83
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• 1999

This study is intended to build a cross-reference system as syndetic device to provide bibliographic relations and to collocate variant access points through references, by developing a reference record format. To this end, the method of this study are as follows: First, the roles of references, which have long been used in traditional records, have been reviewed. Second, ways in which references are depicted not only by current cataloging rules but also by authority control systems are examined. Major characteristics of the reference record are summarized as fellows: 1) If variations either of an author name or of a title are made, or any related works are published, only a single reference record is created. This record uses existing authority records, and instead of adopting authority headings, it will expand the function of the explanatory reference as well as newly implementing a relational reference which can later be used as a reference record. 2) All the variations of identical personal or group names and of lilies are dealt as one access point. In place of current 'see' and 'see also' references, not drawing lines between authority heading(1XX field), 'see'(4XX field) and 'see also' reference(5XX field), all forms of names will be simply applied to record field '1XX'. 3) Any form of data elements, which are used as access points, will be described in '1XX' which has equal value. When a need arises to explain relationships between various access points, it can be met by applying the general explanation reference-name(666 field). Similarly, when there is a need to articulate bibliographic relationships between related works, they will be suggested through the title and relational reference. 4) The title and relational reference regulates related terms that each relation type contains its field, according to each relational type, by reclassifying entire fields in order to provide direct bibliographic relation types on reference records. 5) Pointers which are connected to each access point present reference control numbers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1979

As a preliminary study to estimate the amount of daily calcium intake of Korean people, the present study was conducted investigating the kinds and amount of food among ordinary Korean food considered to be sources of calcium. The author sampled arbitrarily a total of 165 apartment households in Pusan City which were distributed in seven administration sections. Duration of this study was eight months, from June, 1975 to February, 1976. During summer vacation in this period twenty trained students visited these households where they measured the calcium source food at dinner, and three times this amount was regarded as the total daily intake. Also questionairs itemizing the various kinds of food which were considered to be sources of calcium were given to housewives and collected about two months later. The results are summarized as follows: The major sources of calcium food were milk and anchovy, and the total calcium content taken daily was an average 195.06 mg which was far smaller than the recommended standard. Cooking methods varied according to the kinds of food; for anchovy, the boiled water extract or the part remaining after removing bone and head was used, and for chopped cattle bone, the broth from boiling foe 5 to 6 hours was used. For boiled water extract, during extraction the amount of calcium was increased in the water but smaller than foe fresh anchovy. It is, therefore, desirable to cook and eat edible fish bone instead of discarding it after extraction. The amount of calcium of shrimp and whitebait consumed was considerably less than that of milk or anchovy. Most housewives, about 71%, discarded fish bones which contained a lot of calium before or after cooking them. So, it was considered necessary to find a good method of preparing fish so that it can be eaten palatably together with the bones.