• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2012

Data reduction has been used widely in data mining for convenient analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA) methods are popular techniques. The PCA and FA reduce the number of variables to avoid the curse of dimensionality. The curse of dimensionality is to increase the computing time exponentially in proportion to the number of variables. So, many methods have been published for dimension reduction. Also, data augmentation is another approach to analyze data efficiently. Support vector machine (SVM) algorithm is a representative technique for dimension augmentation. The SVM maps original data to a feature space with high dimension to get the optimal decision plane. Both data reduction and augmentation have been used to solve diverse problems in data analysis. In this paper, we compare the strengths and weaknesses of dimension reduction and augmentation for classification and propose a classification method using data reduction for classification. We will carry out experiments for comparative studies to verify the performance of this research.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2013

The maxillary floor sinus augmentation is considered as a safe and predictable procedure to ensure optimal implant placement. However, this procedure may have a variety of intra-surgical or post-surgical complications, also the major drawback of the procedure is deemed maxillary sinusitis. This case is a very unusual delayed occurrence of acute maxillary sinusitis after simultaneous maxillary sinus augmentation, using xenograft and implant placement. This report describes a serious complication of the maxillary sinus augmentation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.211-217
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• 2020

In patients with insufficient bone height and width, the successful placement of dental implants is difficult with regards to maintaining an ideal pathway and avoiding important anatomical structures. Vertical and/or horizontal ridge augmentation may be necessary using various bone substitute materials and bone graft procedures. However, effective one-wall reconstruction has been challenging due to its poor blood supply and insufficient graft stability. In this paper, the authors summarize current evidence-based literature based on the author's clinical experience. Regarding bone substitutes, it is advantageous for clinicians to select the types of bone substitutes including autogenous bone. The most important consideration is to minimize complications through principle-based ridge augmentation surgery. Ridge augmentation should be decided with complete consent of the patients due to the possible disadvantages of surgery, complications, and unpredictable prognosis.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.556-558
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• 2022

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading diseases causing vision loss. Early detection of this disease has a crucial role in protecting patients' eyes. Recent works have achieved impressive result when performing DR detection on fundus images using deep learning. In the deep learning-based approach, data augmentation has significant impact on the result. Recently, many data augmentation policies have been proposed and achieved state-of-the-art performance on different tasks. In this work, we compare effects of three data augmentation policies on DR grading in fundus images.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.647-653
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• 2007

Rapid crestal bone resorption following maxillary tooth loss is further accentuated in the posterior regions because of pneumatization and enlargement of the maxillary sinuses. A treatment rationale that allows preservation and augmentation of vertical available bone at the time of posterior maxil-lary tooth extraction may offer numerous therapeutic benefits which are more short courses of ther-apy and no needs of additional surgical augmentation. The present study comprised 3 patients who had 4 posterior maxillary teeth with no evident bone between the tooth apex and sinus floor, as estimated through preoperative radiographic analysis. Sinus floor augmentation at the time of tooth extraction was chosen for the ltreatment of these patients. After the tooth was carefully extracted, the empty alveolus was thoroughly debrided and a trephine approach was performed. Particulated autogenous bone was gently pushed beyond the empty alveolus to elevate the sinus membrane using an osteotome. The distance between bone crest and si-nus floor was radiographically estimated 4 months after the first procedure. Another procedure was then carried out to place the implants of 11 mm length without another augmentation procedure. All implant were clinically stable, with no sign of infection. The presented surgical procedure performed at the time of extraction of posterior maxillary teeth in close proximity to the sinus floor allowed placement of implants of proper length.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.545-552
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• 2008

Purpose: The transaxillary approach for breast augmentation has been advocated for patients and surgeons for several decades. However, this blind technique had many disadvantages including, traumatic dissection, difficult hemostasis, displacement of implants, and ill-defined asymmetrical location of inframammary crease. In the present study, the precise endoscopic electrocautery dissection was applied to eliminate the limits of blunt dissection throughout the procedures. Methods: From December 2006 to December 2007, a total of 103 patients with an average age of 29.5 years underwent endoscopic assisted transaxillary dual plane augmentation mammoplasty. The mean implant size was 243 cc with the range between 150 and 350 cc. Through a 4 cm axillary incision, electrocautery dissection for submuscular pockets was carried out under the endoscopic control. The costal origin of pectoralis muscle was completely divided to expose subcutaneous tissue and to make type I dual plane. Results: Using the endoscopic dissection, we achieved good aesthetic results including a short recovery period, less morbidity, and symmetrical well-defined inframammary crease. Type I dual plane procedure could support the consistent inframammary fold shape and be applied to most patients without breast ptosis. Minor complications did not occur, however, four major complications of capsular contracture occurred. Conclusion: In contrast to the era of the blind techniques, endoscopic assisted transaxillary dual plane breast augmentation can now be performed effectively and reproducibly. With Its advantage, the axillary application of endoscopy for augmentation mammaplasty is useful to achieve the optimal cosmetic outcomes.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.208-216
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• 2018

Patients with malocclusion may present with preexisting mucogingival problems susceptible to attachment loss during or after orthodontic treatment. Lower anterior teeth especially show a high prevalence of gingival recession following orthodontic treatment. This case report demonstrates hard tissue augmentation of labially thin or deficient alveolar bone (dehiscences and fenestrations) to prevent attachment loss during or after orthodontic treatment. Three patients presented clinically prominent root surfaces and dehiscences and fenestrations on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in lower anterior teeth. Labial hard tissue augmentation of lower anterior teeth was performed with deproteinized bovine bone mineral and collagen membrane. Six months later, hard tissue augmentation reduced root prominence and created a greater volume of hard tissue on lower anterior area in clinical and radiographic findings. Hard tissue augmentation using xenograft could prevent attachment loss associated with orthodontic treatment and maintain stability of healthy periodontium.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.295-302
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is augmentation of heat transfer without additional power in two-dimensional impinging air jet. The technique of heat transfer augmentation used in this experiment is to place rod bundles in front of the flat heated surface. The effects of rod diameter, nozzle-to-target plate distance and the nozzle exit velocity on heat transfer have been investigated. The main conclusions obtained from this experiment are as follows. High heat transfer augmentation is achieved by means of flow acceleration and thinning of boundary layer by placing rod bundles in front of the flat plate. Average heat transfer coefficient becomes maximum in the case of H/B=10,D=4mm. For H/B=2,D=4mm, maximum heat transfer augmentation has been determined to be about 1.5 times larger than that of the flat plate. Heat transfer augmentation by placing the rod bundles at 12m/s is to be about 2 times more than increasing nozzle exit velocity from 12m/s to 18m/s.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.105-110
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• 2007

Purpose: The major drawback of submuscular augmentation of the ptotic breast is a "double-bubble" deformity. If a traditional mastopexy is added to correct the ptosis, there would be additional scars. This article describes simultaneous periareolar mastopexy with dual plane or subfascial breast augmentations. Methods: A series of 81 patients with grade I or II ptosis underwent the procedure from 1999 to 2005. Out of these, dual plane augmentation was done in 71 cases and subfascial plane in 10. After periareolar skin excision, an incision is made perpendicularly down to the fascia of pectoralis. At the lower pole, all breast implants are inserted into the subfascial plane. In case of upper pole thickness of above 20 mm, we inserted the implant into the subfascial plane, whereas below 20 mm, we inserted that into the submuscular plane. Results: No major complications were noted and patients' satisfactory score was high. This technique avoids the "double-bubble" deformity and leaves a minimal periareolar scar. Conclusion: Simultaneous periareolar mastopexy/breast augmentation is useful for correction of the ptotic breast, increasing the volume of breast and providing the natural breast shape with minimal scars. We consider that subfascial plane augmentation with periareolar mastopexy to be an alternative for cases with breast upper pole thickness of at least above 20 mm.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.808-814
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• 2010

Purpose: The sunken chest deformity without breast asymmetry is not a rare condition encountered in augmentation mammaplasty. Therefore, failure to recognize the deformity and improper surgical plan will lead to a suboptimal result. The authors review the experience of breast augmentation in simple sunken chest patient based on retrospectively collected data. Methods: From January, 2008 to January, 2009, patients with simple sunken chest underwent endoscopic submuscular augmentation mammaplasty through axilla, using silicone implants. Patient demographics were queried and outcomes were assessed. Results: Eleven patients (22 breasts) were followed up for 8.2 months after surgery. Sunken chests were augmented with implant size of approximately 248.9 cc (range: 213~286 cc) and contralateral chest with 211.4 cc (range: 180~235 cc). Simultaneous camouflaging the chest wall depression with breast augmentation resulted in good aesthetic outcome. All of the patients were satisfied with the surgery. There were no complications among all patients. Conclusion: We have demonstrated proper surgical planning with precise implant selection to optimize results in patients with small breast and simple sunken chest. Even though asymmetry still remains after the operation, it is still considered as acceptable.