• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.881-886
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• 2007

This study was to develope a vibrotactile display system using windows media player from digital audio signal. WMPlayer10SDK system which was plug-in tool by microsoft windows media player provided its video and audio signal information. The audio signal was tried to be change into vibrotactile display. Audio signal had 4 sections such as 8bit, 16bit, 24bit, and 32bit. Each section was computed its frequency and vibrato scale. And data was transferred to 38400bps network port(COM1) for vibration. Using this system was able to develop the music suit which presented tactile feeling of music beyond sound. Therefore, it may provide cross modal technology for fusion technology of human senses.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.237-257
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• 2001

This paper investigates the idiosyncratic understanding of universal quantifiers such as every, each or all by young children at the ages of 4 to 7, and argues that the phenomenon is explicable in terms of the maturation of both the cognitive system and the linguistic system. Evidence for this dual explanation comes from the fact that the visual input, a picture, plays a key role in determining the children’s conceptual representation, suggesting the need for the central integration of visual and linguistic elements; and from the fact that a quantifier in the linguistic input has an intrinsic property, i.e. a <+focus> feature. I have tried to explain the nature of the cognitive factors in terms of the function of the central system, suggesting a modified form of Smith & Tsimpli’s (1995) version of Fodor’s (1983) modularity hypothesis. Conceptual representations of two kinds are in competition with each other and they are integrated into a neutral LOT (Language of Thought) representation at some point . In the process of this integration, the representations from the visual input predominate over those from the auditory input, though the quantize. (treated as new information provided by the latter) is salient in the final representations. When visual conceptual representations predominate over purely linguistic ones, quantifier spreading errors occur. By contrast, when the relevant grammatical knowledge has developed sufficiently to counteract the conceptual representations, this peculiar behaviour by children should disappear. It is argued that children have to learn two kinds of grammatical fact with regard to universal quantification: (i) they have to learn the status of the quantifier as a functional head of DP so that it has to be positioned inside DP; and (ii) they have to learn the Left-Branch Condition which specifies that movement of an element in the left-branch position is possible only by pied-piping the entire phrase.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.316-322
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• 2014

A movie recommendation system is proposed to learn a preference model of a viewer by using multimodal features of a video content and their evoked implicit responses of the viewer in synchronized manner. In this system, facial expression, body posture, and physiological signals are measured to estimate the affective states of the viewer, in accordance with the stimuli consisting of low-level and affective features from video, audio, and text streams. Experimental results show that it is possible to predict arousal response, which is measured by electrodermal activity, of a viewer from auditory and text features in a video stimuli, for estimating interestingness on the video.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.1022-1038
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• 2017

Wearable smart products contributed to expand the concept of modern clothing in terms of closer communication between wearers and the surrounding environment. This study investigated the concept of wearable smart actuators and characteristics of actuating feedback. The representative product development trends over the past 10 years are examined based on the method of actuating feedback. A first keyword search from Naver and Google reused to select the final 58 products based on the second key keyword actuating feedback. The wearable smart actuator system works in a similar way to a human body system such as those of the information processing process. Actuating feedback is delivered directly to the user as the last signal of the system, which has visual, auditory and tactile feedback. It works in complex at the device to be delivered to the user. Actuator feedback is divided into three types of active and passive, depending on the user situation, the overall purpose of the product, the collected information, and the device dependency. Active actuating feedback determines and actuates the situation on behalf of the user when the user is in an emergency or a disability situation. Passive actuating feedback plays a role in environmental monitoring to help in a healthy daily life.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.283-290
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• 2015

We proposed blink based online speller for the locked-in syndrome (LIS) patients, paralyzed in nearly all voluntary muscles expect for the eyes, with a simple and easy-to-use eye blink detection glasses. Electrooculogram (EOG) is the golden standard method of eye movement or blink measurement with Ag/AgCl electrodes. However, this method has several drawbacks such as skin irritation and dehydration of conductive gel. To resolve the shortcomings, we used a blink detection system based on a transparent capacitively coupled electrode, which is conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) films. The films make it possible to measure eye blink without direct skin contact and obstruction of field of view. We finally developed user-friendly blink based online speller with the blink detection system. To classify voluntary and non-voluntary blink, we used the double blink for command of the speller. The online speller experiment result with six healthy subjects shows that mean accuracy is 98.96% and letter per minute (LPM) is 4.73, which are better result by comparison with conventional P300 or auditory brain-computer interface (BCI) paradigm. The result of the experiment demonstrates the possibility of applying the proposed system as a communication method for the LIS patients.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.174-183
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• 2023

Background: Office workers experience neck or back pain due to poor posture, such as flexed head and forward head posture, during long-term sedentary work. Posture correction is used to reduce pain caused by poor posture and ensures proper alignment of the body. Several assistive devices have been developed to assist in maintaining an ideal posture; however, there are limitations in practical use due to vast size, unproven long-term effects or inconsistency of maintaining posture alignment. We developed a headphone and necklace posture correction system (HANPCS) for posture correction using an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor that provides visual or auditory feedback. Objects: To demonstrate the test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of neck and upper trunk flexion measurements using a HANPCS, compared with a three-dimensional motion analysis system (3DMAS). Methods: Twenty-nine participants were included in this study. The HANPCS was applied to each participant. The angle for each action was measured simultaneously using the HANPCS and 3DMAS. The data were analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = [3,3] with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The angular measurements of the HANPCS for neck and upper trunk flexions showed high intra- (ICC = 0.954-0.971) and inter-day (ICC = 0.865-0.937) values, standard error of measurement (SEM) values (1.05°-2.04°), and minimal detectable change (MDC) values (2.92°-5.65°). Also, the angular measurements between the HANPCS and 3DMAS had excellent ICC values (> 0.90) for all sessions, which indicates high concurrent validity. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that the HANPCS is as accurate in measuring angle as the gold standard, 3DMAS. Therefore, the HANPCS is reliable and valid because of its angular measurement reliability and validity.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.221-229
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• 2023

Background: In modern society, the use of computers accounts for a large proportion of our daily lives. Although substantial research is being actively conducted on musculoskeletal diseases resulting from computer use, there has been a recent surge in interest in improving the working environment for prevention. Objects: This study aimed to examine the effects of posture correction feedback (PCF) on changes in neck posture and muscle activation during computer typing. Methods: The participants performed a computer typing task in two sessions, each lasting 16 minutes. The participant's dominant side was photographed and analyzed using ImageJ software to verify neck posture. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to confirm the participant's cervical erector spinae (CES) and upper trapezius muscle activities. The EMG signal was analyzed using the percentage of reference voluntary contraction and amplitude probability distribution function (APDF). In the second session, visual and auditory feedback for posture correction was provided if the neck was flexed by more than 15° in the initial position during computer typing. A 20-minute rest period was provided between the two sessions. Results: The neck angle (p = 0.014), CES muscle activity (p = 0.008), and APDF (p = 0.015) showed significant differences depending on the presence of the PCF. Furthermore, significant differences were observed regarding the CES muscle activity (p = 0.001) and APDF (p = 0.002) over time. Conclusion: Our study showed that the feedback system can correct poor posture and reduces unnecessary muscle activation during computer work. The improved neck posture and reduced CES muscle activity observed in this study suggest that neck pain can be prevented. Based on these results, we suggest that the PCF system can be used to prevent neck pain.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.7
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• pp.2656-2661
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• 2023

The project of China initiative Accelerator Driven Subcritical (CiADS) system has been started to construct in southeast China's Guangdong province since 2019, which is expected to be checked and accepted in the year 2025. In order to make the students in University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) better understand the main characteristic and the operation condition in the subcritical nuclear facility, the training platform for CiADS has been developed based on the Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE) in the Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMPCAS). The CAVE platform is a kind of non-head mounted virtual reality display system, which can provide the immersive experience and the alternative training platform to substitute the dangerous operation experiments with strong radioactivity. In this paper, the CAVE platform for the training scenarios in CiADS system has been presented with real-time simulation feature, where the required devices to generate the auditory and visual senses with the interactive mode have been detailed. Moreover, the three dimensional modeling database has been created for the different operation conditions, which can bring more freedom for the teachers to generate the appropriate training courses for the students. All the user-friendly features will offer a deep realistic impression to the students for the purpose of getting the required knowledge and experience without the large costs in the traditional experimental nuclear reactor.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.187-195
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• 2024

Objective: Physical activity can promote physical and mental well-being. University students are more sedentary recently due to the increased use of computers and other technology. The aim of this study was to investigate differences between immersive 360-degree virtual cycling (IVC) and virtual cycling with head-mounted display (VCHMD) on aerobic capacity and usability in young adults. Design: A crossover study. Methods: Twenty-five university students (13 male, 12 female) participated in this study and completed 2 separate 30 min cycling sessions, such as IVC and VCHMD. In the IVC, participants rode on a stationary cycle while watching curved TV where recorded video was played. To enhance the sense of realism, auditory stimulation was given to the headset, and the gyroscope sensor was used to track the screen as the head moved. In the VCHMD, participants rode on the stationary cycle with head-mounted display, and other conditions were the same as IVC. Participants were assessed the aerobic capacity which included gas analyzer and portable near-infrared spectroscopy, and usability which included simulator sickness questionnaire and system usability scale. Results: Aerobic capacity was significantly difference in the IVC compared with the VCHMD except for the total hemoglobin of right and left rectus femoris and muslce oxygen saturation of left rectus femoris (p<0.05). Cybersickness was less in the IVC than VCHMD and usability was high in the IVC than VCHMD (p<0.05). Conclusions: The findings suggested that IVC might be beneficial exericse to improve aerobic capacity and has lower cybersickness and higher usability than VCHMD.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.258-270
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• 1999

This study was carried out to offer the basic data for more qualitative lives of the middle-aged women through their health maintenance and control. So, the researcher reviewed and analyzed the health problems of the middle-aged women, the differences of main symptoms in each subject, positive ratcs in screening tests, the difference of screening tests with age and the correlation of obesity and blood pressure with screening tests. All subjects were 218 women(40-59years) who had a check-up at a comprehensive health check-up center in K University Hospital in Seoul from July 1, 1998 to August 31. 1998. Questionaires were developed to get subjects, general characteristics. main symptoms, medical examination and diagnosed disease by the researcher referring through the questionaires of comprehensive health check-up center and the medical recorders were used as a tool of study. The researcher analyzed the data with SPSS PC+ ; the distribution of the subjects, general characteristics and main symptoms with percentage : the difference between main symptoms and screening tests with X$^2$-test, ANOVA. The results are as follows. 1) Among the age distribution, most were 40-45 years old and unemployed. 2) The most common complaints were indigestion in digestive system, cough in respiratory system, heart beat in cardiovascular system, general sweat in endocrine system. edema in urinary system, easy bruise in hematologic system, backache in musculoskeletal system, headache in psychoneurologic system, lochia in gynecology, itch in dermatology system, eye ball pain in visual system and tinnitus in auditory system. 3) In main symptoms according to age, the 40-45 age group had a higher rate of complaints in digestive system and gynecology than other age group ; the 46-49 age group in endocrine system. 4) The main symptoms according to diagnosis had no difference statistically. 5) The screening tests which showed high rates of abnormality were mammography(the highest), abdominal ultrasonography, upper gastrointestinal series/gastrofiberscopy, PFT. In all age group the highest rate of abnormality was seen in mammography. 6) In screening tests according to age. the 46-49 age group showed higher positive rates of pap smear, blood sugar test, urine test than any other age group ; the 50-55 age group showerd higher positive rates of obesity, BP, chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasonography, ESR, SGOT, CRP and urine micro. 7) In correlation of obesity with screening test, the obesity group showed higher positive rates of blood pressure, chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasonography, HCT and CRP than the normal weight group. 8) In correlation of blood pressure with screening test, the hypertension group showed higher positive rate of obesity, chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasonography, pap smear and blood sugar than the normal blood pressure group. In conculusion, the middle-aged women have various physical symptoms and affected by age. The obesity and BP have an important effect on the health of the middle aged women. Therefore, this study is considered significant as data for qualitative lives of the middle-aged women playing an important part of family health care by catching of their health problem complaints for prevention of disease and promotion of health.