• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.344-350
• /
• 2013

A recent study reporting significantly reduced symmetry in arm swing amplitude in early Parkinson's disease (PD), as measured during gait by auditory cues velocity, led to this investigation of arm swing symmetry and amplitude in PD. The subjects were 14 elderly patients diagnosed with PD. Patients were measured of three conditions performed in random order: slow, general, fast. The auditory cue velocity consisted of a metronome beat ${\pm}20%$ than the subject's general gait speed. Using a motion analysis measurement system, changes in kinematic variables were compared to arm swing analysis. PD groups showed a highly significant reduction of the arm swing amplitude on the more affected body side(MAS)(p<.05). Comparison between the auditory cues velocity, there was a significant increase arm swing amplitude in fast velocity gait than slow and general velocity gait(p<.05). We conclude that motion analysis during gait by auditory cues velocity allows reliable investigation of asymmetric arm movements in early PD patients which attenuate with ongoing disease. The measurement of limb kinematics during gait by auditory cues velocity can broaden our methodological line-up for the analysis of complex motor programs in movement disorders.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
• /
• v.1997 no.05
• /
• pp.370-373
• /
• 1997

We are exposed to the various external stimuli input from the environment, which cause emotional changes based on the characteristics of the stimuli. Unfortunately there are no quantitative results on relationship between human sensibility and the characteristics of physiological signals. The objective of this study was to quantify EEG signals evoked by auditory stimulation based on the assumption that the analysis of the variability on the characteristics of the EEG waveform may provide the significant information regarding changes in psychological states of the subject. The experiment was devised with seven experimental conditions, which are control and six different types of auditory stimulation. Six subjects were used to obtain EEGs while introducing auditory stimulation. Wavelet transformation was employed to analyze the EEG signals. The results showed that the reconstructed signals at the decomposition level revealed the different energy value on the EEG signal. Also, general patterns of EEG signals in rest state compare with negative and positive stimulus were found. This study could be extended to establish an algorithm which distinguishes psychophysiological states of the subjects exposed to the auditory stimulation.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.756-764
• /
• 2016

In this paper, we present electroencephalography (EEG)-based power spectra analysis and auditory stimuli methods as coping mechanisms for disgust affection and phobia. Disgust affection is a negative emotion generated from trying to eliminate something harmful to one. It is usually related to mental illnesses such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, specifically phobia and depression. In our experiments, participants watched videos on horrible body mutilation and disgusting creatures, with either the original sound track or relaxing and exciting music as auditory stimulation. After watching the videos with original sound track, the participants watched the same video with a different audio background, such as soothing or cheerful music. We analyzed the EEG data utilizing relative power spectra and examined survey results of the participants. The results demonstrated that disgust affection is decreased when participants watched the video with relaxing or exciting music instead of the original soundtracks. Moreover, we confirmed that human's brainwave reacts according to types of audio and sources of disgust affection.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.203-212
• /
• 2004

Purpose: This study was done to determine whether providing auditory and vestibular stimulation to preform infants would have an effect on stress hormones. Methods: The design was a nonequivalent control group protest-posttest design in a quasi-experimental study Seventy-nine preform infants were assigned either one of two experimental groups or to a control group: 27 in the auditory stimulation group, 25 in the vestibular stimulation group and 27 in the control group. The criteria for inclusion in this study were 1) gestational age of less than 37 weeks, 2) birth weight of less than 2,500g, 3) the absence of congenital anomalies or specific diseases, 4) recovering physiological weight loss, and 5) weaned from ventilatory assistance or oxygen. The data were collected from March 2002 to May 2003. The auditory stimulation, a music audiotape, was provided 20 minutes twice a day for 10 days and the vestibular stimulation, an infant waterbed, was provided for 10 days. On day 1 and day 10 of the study, 24 hour urine sample was collected for norepinephrine, epinephrine, and cortisol assays. In the data analysis SPSSWIN 10.0 program was utilized for descriptive statistics, ANOVA and t-test. Results: General characteristics of the three groups showed no significant differences, thus three groups were found to be homogenous. The 24 hour urine cortisol for the auditory (t=3.489, p=.001) and for the vestibular (t=2.638, p=.013) stimulation group were significantly reduced compared to the control group after 10 days. Conclusions: The results suggest that auditory and vestibular stimulation can be used to reduce 24 hour urine cortisol in preform infants. Therefore, music audiotapes and waterbeds provided in incubator are be recommended for reduction of the stress in preform infants who are hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2006

As is commonly said, music is 'language of emotions.' It is because sound is a plentiful modality to communicate the human sensibility information. However, most researches of auditory displays were focused on improving efficiency on user's performance data such as performance time and accuracy. Recently, many of researchers in auditory displays acknowledge that individual preference and sensible satisfaction may be a more important factor than the performance data. On this ground, in the present study we constructed the sound sensibility dimensions ('Pleasure', 'Complexity', and 'Activity') and systematically examined the attributes of sound on the sensibility dimensions and analyzed the meanings. As a result, sound sensibility dimensions depended on each sound attributes , and some sound attributes interact with one another. Consequently, the results of the present study will provide the useful possibilities of applying the affective influence in the field of auditory displays needing the applications of the sensibility information according to the sound attributes.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2002

This study set out to investigate what kind of effects the consistent visual stimuli and verbal and non verbal auditory stimuli have on pain alleviation, as well as to see the influence of joint application of visual and auditory stimuli at the same time on pain alleviation, according to lightness of 50lux and 200lux, ultimately providing basic data in setting up an environment in case of treating pain. The subject were comprised of 30 male and female adults with pain in the neck and back area. The subject were treated in their pain area with Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator(TENS) 100HZ for 20 minutes in the research set where each visual, auditory, and joint visual and auditory stimuli was given. For analysis methods, Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and McGill Pain Questionnaire were adopted to see the changes before and after treatment, and the electrocardiogram, systolic and diastolic pressure, number of heart rate and breathing frequence and endorphin were compared and analyzed using the Wilcoxon singed-rank test. And The Kreskal-walllis test was used to compare the two subgroups from each group. Wilcoxon singed-rank test and the Kreskal-walllis test was used to compare the two subgroups from each group. The results were as follows: 1. The group of 50lux and 200lux were compared given varying degrees of visual stimuli. The group of 200lux showed more reduction in pain points, average systolic and diastolic pressure and average endorphin. 2. The group of verbal and non verbal were compared given varying degrees of auditory stimuli. The group of non-verbal showed more reduction in average systolic and diastolic pressure. 3. The group of 200lux+verbal and 200lux+non verbal were compared given varying degrees of joint visual and auditory stimuli. There was found a statistical significance(p<0.05) in endorphin between the two groups, with more endorphin reduction for 200lux+non verbal group. And there was a statistically significant reduction in VAS and McGill before and after the treatment between the two groups.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.271-276
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the effects on the heart rate and respiration rate of preterm infants when providing auditory stimulation on them. Methods: The design of this study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design in a quasi experimental study. Forty preterm infants were assigned to experimental and control groups : 20 in the auditory and 20 in the control group. The data were collected from May 2014 to October. The auditory stimulation was created by using an audio music tape provided 20-minute per day for 7 consecutive days. In data analysis, SPSS WIN 21.0 program was utilized for descriptive statistics, repeated measurement anova and Mann-Whitney. Results: General characteristics of the two groups showed no significant differences, thus two groups were found to be homogenous. There were no significant differences in heart rate and respiration rate between the auditory and control groups. Conclusion: The effect of auditory stimulation for 7 days was not effective in decreasing heart rate or respiration rate in premature infants. Therefore, the type and length of music therapy must be developed for the improvement of vital signs in preterm infants who were hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.98-103
• /
• 2022

Purpose: New therapeutic approaches have emerged to improve gait ability in patients with brain damage, such as action observation learning (AOT), auditory cueing, motor imagery etc. We attempted to investigate the effects of AOT with auditory cueing (AOTAC) on gait function in patients with stroke. Methods: The eighteen stroke patients with a unilateral hemiparesis were randomly divided into three groups; the AOTAC, AOT, and control groups. The AOTAC group (n=8) received training via observing a video that showed normal gait with sound of footsteps as an auditory cue; the AOT group (n=6) receive action observation without auditory stimulation; the control group (n=5) observed the landscape video image. Intervention time of three groups was 30 minutes per day, five times a week, for four weeks. Gait parameters, such as cadence, velocity, stride length, stance phase, and swing phase were collected in all patients before and after each training session. Results: Significant differences were observed among the three groups with respect to the parameters, such as cadence, velocity, stride length, and stance/swing phase. Post-hoc analysis indicated that the AOTAC group had a greater significant change in all of parameters, compared with the AOT and control groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that AOTAC may be an effective therapeutic approach to improve gait symmetry and function in patients with stroke. We believe that this effect is attributable to the change of cortical excitability on motor related to cortical areas.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 2020

Background and Objectives: The gap prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response has been used to screen tinnitus in an animal model. Here, we examined changes in the auditory late response under various conditions of gap prepulse inhibition. Subjects and Methods: We recruited 19 healthy adults (5 males, 14 females) and their auditory late responses were recorded after various stimuli with or without gap prepulsing. The N1 and P2 responses were selected for analysis. The gap prepulse inhibition was estimated to determine the optimal auditory late response in the gap prepulse paradigm. Results: We found that the gap per se generated a response that was very similar to the response elicited by sound stimuli. This critically affected the gap associated with the maximal inhibition of the stimulus response. Among the various gap-stimulus intervals (GSIs) between the gap and principal stimulus, the GSI of 150 ms maximally inhibited the response. However, after zero padding was used to minimize artifacts after a P2 response to a gap stimulus, the differences among the GSIs disappeared. Conclusions: Overall, the data suggest that both the prepulse inhibition and the gap per se should be considered when using the gap prepulse paradigm to assess tinnitus in humans.

• Korean Journal of Audiology
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 2020

Background and Objectives: The gap prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response has been used to screen tinnitus in an animal model. Here, we examined changes in the auditory late response under various conditions of gap prepulse inhibition. Subjects and Methods: We recruited 19 healthy adults (5 males, 14 females) and their auditory late responses were recorded after various stimuli with or without gap prepulsing. The N1 and P2 responses were selected for analysis. The gap prepulse inhibition was estimated to determine the optimal auditory late response in the gap prepulse paradigm. Results: We found that the gap per se generated a response that was very similar to the response elicited by sound stimuli. This critically affected the gap associated with the maximal inhibition of the stimulus response. Among the various gap-stimulus intervals (GSIs) between the gap and principal stimulus, the GSI of 150 ms maximally inhibited the response. However, after zero padding was used to minimize artifacts after a P2 response to a gap stimulus, the differences among the GSIs disappeared. Conclusions: Overall, the data suggest that both the prepulse inhibition and the gap per se should be considered when using the gap prepulse paradigm to assess tinnitus in humans.