• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.81-89
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• 2007

This study is aimed at understanding objectively on the visual perception of atypical space and form in contemporary architecture. It is accomplished to compose the various form and the atypical space in contemporary architecture, which by means of applying digital technology to architecture is able to materialize complicated form and space. Therefore this the sis is needed to understand user's senses and affects in atypical space and form. Atypical space is able to interpret geometrically and analyze quantitatively into visual perception. This analysis is applied to Isovist used as quantitative analysis recently, and physical analysis of space used as quantitative analysis defined to vertical elements, which is analysed comparatively to visual perception in observer's point and characteristics in spatial elements. Examples are selected to four examples represented to typical and atypical space in contemporary houses. As examples are analysed to visual perception of spatial character, this study is intended to understand to spatial character in aspects of spatial composition and observer's visual perception. In results of perceptive analysis on four spatial examples, Atypical spaces are composed of changeable spatiality, which are composed changeably of the relational method with adjacent spaces. Also, typical spaces are composed monotonously of spatiality and relational method on control of the length in boundary plane and openness.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1076-1089
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• 2021

Among the currently used knowledge-based authentication methods for smartphones, text and graphic-based authentication methods, such as PIN and pattern methods, use a display unit and a touch function of the display unit for input/output of secret information. Recently released smartphone form factors are trying to transform into various forms, away from the conventional bar and slate types because of the material change of the display unit used in the existing smartphone and the increased flexibility of the display unit. However, as mentioned in the study of D. Choi [1], the structural change of the display unit may directly or indirectly affect the authentication method using the display unit as the main input/output device for confidential information, resulting in unexpected security vulnerabilities. In this paper, we analyze the security vulnerabilities of the current mobile user authentication methods that is applied atypical form factor. According to the analysis results, it seems that the existing display-dependent mobile user authentication methods do not consider emerging security threats at all. Furthermore, it is easily affected by changes in the form factor of smartphones. Finally, we propose countermeasures for security vulnerabilities expected when applying conventional authentication methods to atypical form factor-based smartphones.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.15-25
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• 2004

This study examined how the characteristics of abstractive form among various contenporary housing architecture have been expressed. The conclusions were: First, abstractive characteristics and types related to from expression of contemporary housing architectures were minimal form and absolute form of geometrical abstraction, plastic form and atypical form of expressive abstraction and mechanical aesthetics of industrial abstraction. Second, the typological form expression characteristics in minimal expression related to geometrical abstraction were simplicity, purity, and the properties of matter, and the characteristics in absolute expression were overlapping, obliqueness and dispensability. On the other hand, plasticity and mobility of materials were distinctive in plastic form expression, and inclination, curve and asymmetry were distinctive in atypical expression. The distinctive nature of mechanical aesthetics related to industrial abstraction included transparency, simplicity and. the properties of matter Funhermore, the study aimed at the understanding of various from expressions showed up in contemporary housing architecture, revealing the aspects of abstractive form expression characteristics.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.97-111
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• 1997

In the winter of 1995, mass mortality occurred in cultured flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus in Gurongpo, Kyoungbuk, Korea. From the observations of moribund and dead fish, parasitic ciliates, which were shown as white spots to the naked eye, were considered to be involved in the mass mortality. From heavily infected flounders, histopathological, morphological and biological characterization of these ciliates were carried out. In the histological observation, many ciliates were found under the epithelia of gill filaments and skin, and caused hyperplasia of epithelial and mucus cells at the infected areas. The ciliates found on the body surface, fins and gills were very similar to Cryptocaryon irritans. However the ciliates showed two different patterns of reproductian, i.e., typical form(palintomy)and atypical form(budding plus multiple fission) at $16^{\circ}C$ of water temperature. The occurrence ratio between typical and atypical form was about 3:2. Tomitogenesis takes 8-14 days in the typical and 13-15 days in the atypical form. In the viability test at different temperatures and salinities, the typical form died below 30‰ at $12^{\circ}C$, below 20‰ at $16^{\circ}C$, below 15‰ at $20^{\circ}C$, and below 25‰ at $24^{\circ}C$, respectively. On the other hand, the atypical form died below 20‰ at $12^{\circ}C$, below 15‰ at 16-$20^{\circ}C$, and below 25‰ at $24^{\circ}C$, respectively. The results suggested that the atypical has better viability at low salinity than that of the typical at low temperatures. In the excystment time and success rates of excystment according to temperatures, the typical form showed 8 days, 30% at $12^{\circ}C$ : 6.5 days, 50%, at $16^{\circ}C$ : 5.5 days, 75% at $20^{\circ}C$ : and 7 days, 10% at $24^{\circ}C$, respectively. On the other hand, the atypical form showed 15.5 days at $12^{\circ}C$ : 14 days, 76.6% at $16^{\circ}C$ : 12 days, 72.2% at $20^{\circ}C$ : 10 days 31.6% at $24^{\circ}C$, respectively. The results suggested that the atypical form had longer excystment time than that of the typical form at any temperature and showed better stability at low temperatures.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.451-454
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• 2006

We present a case of a 68-year-old female with an atypical form of spinal tuberculosis, which involved posterior elements with multiple foci in two noncontiguous vertebral levels. The lesions caused spastic paraparesis and urinary hesitation. There was no evidence of pulmonary or other extrapulmonary tuberculous disease. Based on clinical and radiographic findings, this atypical spinal tuberculosis was preoperatively misdiagnosed as metastatic spine tumor. The histopathologic finding confirmed tuberculosis and the patient was treated successfully with surgery and antituberculous therapy. In case of a spinal lesion of unknown origin, it is important to be aware that atypical spinal tuberculosis can mimic metastatic spine tumor and tuberculosis should always be considered.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.687-702
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to study the inner meaning and formative with distorted and atypical Informel image, body image expressed in modern fashion. Method of the study is as follow. The study method examined philosophy of art 19th century?in order to consider interconnections between social and cultural characteristics of expressionistic abstract art, a form of Informel and changed physical style. Based on this method, the Informel image that appeared in the plastic arts in terms of artistic significance and aesthetic value was examined. Based on the above discussion on modern fashion Informel images were expressed in any formative characteristics were considered. The results of this study are as follows. Contingencies through the spontaneous act of art to transcend the image of atypical lines formed elements of coincidence, was developed. Liberation was expressed from liberation of physical boundaries and created outward expansion of the free formative. Atypical was organic forms pursuing spontaneous plasticity and diversity, and appeared in the form of distortion and deformation.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2019

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), a rare form of thrombotic microangiopathy, is distinguished from the typical form by the absence of a preceding verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli infection. Notably, aHUS occurs in association with genetic or acquired disorders causing dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway. Patients with aHUS may show the presence of anti-complement factor H (CFH) autoantibodies. This acquired form of aHUS (antiCFH-aHUS) primarily affects children aged 9-13 years. We report a case of a 13-year-old Lao girl with clinical features of aHUS (most likely anti-CFH-aHUS). The initial presentation of the patient met the classical clinical triad of thrombotic microangiopathy (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury) without preceding diarrheal illness. Low serum levels of complement 3 and normal levels of complement 4 indicated abnormal activation of the alternative complement pathway. Plasma infusion and high-dose corticosteroid therapy resulted in improvement of the renal function and hematological profile, although the patient subsequently died of infectious complications. This is the first case report that describes aHUS (possibly anti-CFH-aHUS) in Laos.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.14-26
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• 2017

With the development of computer technology, many different kinds of digital design tools have been developed and used. In the circumstance, methodologies of digital process have more been researched. Despite various atypical forms, there have been limits to the application and practical use of the mobile technology for approaches to the creation of architectural forms and various circumstances. Therefore, this study tries to analyze previous studies and actual conditions of mobile application in order to recognize the research necessity and suggest the possibility of the atypical form creation in the mobile environment. In short, the purpose of this study is to recognize the necessity of the smart mobile application for making idea & learning tools, suggest the process based selective application method (not analytical application) of smart mobile application technology to make possible atypical form creation in the initial step of architectural design processes, and propose a new method of mobile application.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.88-102
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• 2021

This study focused on the museums mainly holding permanent exhibitions except for the function of special exhibition in museum architectural works. This study aimed to draw the possibility to establish the relation between architectural form and central space of museums, by applying the forms like formal form, informal form, segment form, and diagonal form shown through a case study to total 164 work cases, reclassifying the architectural form into informal form, formal form, semi-formal form, segment form, diagonal form, and linear form, and then analogizing the matter of correlation between architectural form and central space of museums. The relevant contents could be summarized as follows. overall, most of the central spaces according with the informal architectural form of museums were the informal form, which showed 92.7% distribution rate. overall, there were many cases of informal architectural form of museums. Compared to the formal form, the informal architectural form showed the higher correlation with central space. The informal architectural form of museums is estimated to be continuously developing in the future. This study aims to present the basic data aiming for interior architecture design by considering the correlation between central space and architectural form.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.795-814
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• 2021

With the development of science and technology in recent years, various types of unstructured buildings have begun to be implemented by combining traditional architectural styles with digital tools, which are significantly different from conventional formal buildings. Designers will use various methods or digital tools to complete the unstructured and freer architectural forms when building an unstructured building. Based on this background, the need for research on the criteria for evaluating the characteristics of unstructured architectural forms is raised. First, the text was reconstructed by considering and integrating the elements of the unstructured exterior form based on prior research, with the external form of the unstructured building as the main research object. Second, the purpose of this study was to classify various types of unstructured forms and to provide important basic data for designing digital processes of unstructured architectural forms.Third, from 2000 to 2020, the text focused on the study of unstructured buildings and conducted in-depth analysis of the characteristics of their form expressions. While providing a case basis for the study of related fields, distribution laws and presence values related to the characteristics of unstructured buildings were sought. In addition, the analysis was conducted in combination with the distribution of functional use of buildings, and this study is differentiated from the existing research in that the atypical form is applied to the buildings by use, and the application trend of this type is understood to enhance understanding of the atypical form of buildings.