• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.23
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• pp.10129-10135
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• 2015

Background: Tobacco is a leading preventable cause of deaths worldwide; the situation is particularly serious in the developing countries. Tobacco use amongst the children and adolescents is already a pandemic and they are vulnerable targets of tobacco industry. This is also the case in India. Objectives: 1) Document and monitor the prevalence of tobacco use including smoked, smokeless and other forms of tobacco; 2) Understand student knowledge and attitudes related to tobacco use and its health impact; 3) Assess the impact of tobacco on the oral health status of school-going children in India. Materials and Methods: The sample was 1,500 school children of the age group 12-15 years age. A pretested, close ended questionnaire was administered in the form of extensive face to face interview to understand student knowledge, attitudes and behavior related to tobacco use and its health impact and to assess the prevalence of tobacco use including smoked, smokeless and other forms of tobacco. Oral health status was assessed using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Frequency distribution, Chi-square tests and Odd's ratio was calculated. Results: Prevalence of tobacco usage amongst the prevalence was 20.4%: 9.2% reported smoking, 15.8% used tobacco in the chewable form and 25.3% children were involved in consuming betel nut/areca nuts. The OR (Odd's ratio) for calculus formation was highest for guthka chewers (OR=14.322), paan masala chewers had the highest odds of developing bleeding on probing when compared to the others. Conclusions: There is an urgent need to launch school-based tobacco prevention programs for community awareness of children and the public, as preventing the initiation of a habit is far easier than stopping it.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.165-170
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• 2016

Background: Nurses are the most visible, frontline personnel providing health education to patients. In particular, nurse experience with Pap examinations have the potential to influence women's attitudes toward screening for cervical cancer. However, nurses in Taiwan have lower rates of Pap testing than the general population. Understanding the factors predicting nurse intent to have a Pap exam and Pap exam status would inform interventions and policies to increase their Pap exam uptake. Therefore, the present study was undertaken. Materials and Methods: Data were collected by questionnaire from a convenient sample of 504 nurses at a regional hospital in central Taiwan between August and October 2011 and analyzed by descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, and logistic regression. Results: Nurse intention to have a Pap exam was predicted by younger age, less negative attitudes toward Pap exams, and greater influence of others recommendations. However, nurses were more likely to actually have had a Pap exam if they were older, married, had sexual experience, and had a high intention to have a Pap exam. Conclusions: Nurses who are younger than 34 years old, unmarried, sexually inexperienced, and with low intention to have a Pap exam should be targeted with interventions to educate them not only about the importance of Pap exams in detecting cervical cancer, but also about strategies to decrease pain and embarrassment during exams. Nurses with less negative attitudes and experiences related to Pap exams would serve as role models to persuade women to have Pap exams, thus increasing the uptake rate of Pap exams in Taiwan.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.97-110
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• 2001

This study was designed to examine the effect of joint participation in decision-making on the home management satisfaction of new-generation married women, which will issue basic data for improving the quality of new-generation home life. The sample was composed of 371 married women under 39years old, selected by age and the local distribution. Major findings are as follows. 1) New-generation married women’s joint participation in decision-making showed a significant difference by degree of communication, perception of the adequacy of resources, perception of the level of living. Home management satisfaction shoed a significant difference by state of employment, existence of children, sex role attitudes, degree of communication, perception of the adequacy of resources, perception of the level of living. 2) The more a couple participated in decision-making about eating and children, the higher level a new-generation married women showed in home management satisfaction. 3) The main variables predicating new-generation married women’s home management satisfaction was perception of the adequacy of resources, perception of the level of living, gender role attitudes, existence of children, joint participation in decision-making about eating and children. They accounted for 36% of the variance.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.13-24
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• 2003

Regarding leisure and work as very important in residential life of old ages, this study analyzed their preference by leisure and work for senior congregate housing, which can provide proper work and leisure activities for older people who are able to manage their social activities with healthy condition. It conducted a survey of middle aged of the 50's who would face problems of senior housing in 2010, with stratified sampling by region, sex and housing structure type. Totally 556 Questionnaires were used for the final analysis. The research results showed that, first, the group which was positive toward their works mostly had spouse of the age of early 50' s and work for professional, technological, managerial positions with good health. Second, the more positive group towards their work showed high willingness to move in senior congregate housing, than a negative group towards their work, and put a weight on the openness of shared space and facilities as well as various alarming equipments, common space, common programs and the ability of managers. Third, according to the attitudes toward leisure activities, there were differences in each group by housing structure type, education of their own or their spouses, monthly income, property, economic ability, health condition, living together with spouse, housing tenureship, and usable area of houses. The fourth was that those who enjoy active leisure activities presented high willingness to move in senior congregate housing than those of negative attitude and also there was a difference in managerial ways. Throughout the results of the study, it appeared that a group of positive attitude toward work and leisure, than that of negative attitude, recognized the importance of senior congregate housing which social and leisure programs could support. It implied necessary to develop housing for the older people who have enough ability to manage their leisure activity as well as their work. The study is likely to have a contribution to suggest practical data for helping the development of housing for self-reliant seniors by analyzing their preference on senior congregate housing by their attitudes toward work. The research for the factors of various designs and managements by leisure and work may become the following research theme of the study.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.144-157
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• 2000

This study was done to understand nonpharmacologic pain management for pediateric patients and nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward it. The aim of this study was that which method did the patient's use according to the nurses' age, and how did they effectively use these methods in their field. The subjects of this study were 77 nurses working in the Pediatric unit in the Kyung Medical Center from September 2 to 15, 1999 using questionnaire form. The results of this study were as follows : 1. We divided the subjects into four groups : Younger than one year old, 1-6 years, 6-12 years, 12-18 years group. In the group younger one year old, most of the nurses participating in this study used speaking in soft quiet tones, supportive touch, toys, pacifiers. In the group of 1-6 years, they used speaking in soft quiet tones, toys, distracting attention, story talking, and visual stimulus. In the group of 6-12 years. they used pop-up books, providing information, cold therapy, speaking in soft quiet tones, supportive touch. In the group of 12-19 years, most of them used providing information, controling respiration and supportive touch. 2. The effective nursing intervention used in their field are speaking in soft quiet tones, pacifiers and nesting with blanket in the group of younger than one year old. Un the group of 1-6 years old, speaking in soft quiet tones, toys, and supportive touch were effective method in the control of nonp-harmacologic pain management. In the group of 6-12 years old, story talking, supportive touch, and speaking in soft quiet tones were effective method and in the group of 12-18 years old, providing information, cold therapy and supportive touch were effectively used to control nonpharmacologic pain management. 3. To compare the general characteristics and non-pharmacologic pain nursing intervention, in the group of younger than one year, touching stimuli is widely used. In the groups of 1-6, and 6-12 years old, visual and audio method were widely used. In the group of 12-18 years old, sensitive intervention were used as well as education, information and guided imagery. In conclusion, there was no significant difference in nurses' demographic characteristics, child's age and nonpharmacologic pain management. There was significant difference only in the nurses working area, that is nurses working in the surgical department used more audio-visual-tactile pain management methods than medical department.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.17
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• pp.7263-7266
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• 2014

Background: Cervical cancer which is one of the most preventable cancers is an important public health problem worldwide, and especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine knowledge and attitudes about the HPV vaccination of mothers with 0- to 18-year old children. Materials and Methods: Written approval was taken from the local authorities. The study subjects consisted of 799 mothers who agreed to participate. The data were collected via a "Personal Information Form" which included 30 questions that were prepared by the researchers themselves in line with the literature. The data were collected by face to face interviews with the mothers. Analyses were performed using commercial software. Results: The mean age of the mothers who participated in the study was $32.0{\pm}6.52$, and 88.1% reported no information about HPV, and 83.5% no information about HPV vaccination. Only 0.7% of the mothers had daughters who had HPV vaccination, and 44.3% of the mothers who had sons were found out to be indecisive about having HPV vaccination. There was a significant corelation between the educational status of the mothers and their knowledge about HPV vaccination (p<0.05). However, there was no significant correlation in terms of economic conditions (p>0.05). Conclusions: This study suggested that mothers had very little information on HPV and HPV vaccination. Knowledge of the disease and its vaccination is an essential factor for the success of the vaccination program. It is of great importance that mothers are trained in this subject by health professionals.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4462-4470
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• 2012

This study aims to examine the effects of process-based integrated Mathematics Science Activities on children's science process skills and scientific attitudes and arrange efficient teaching and learning environment in the field. The subjects of research were 89 three-year and five-year old children attending kindergarten attached to W university in I city, Jeollabuk-do and process-based integrated Mathematics Science activities were conducted with themes. For data analysis, paired t-test was conducted with SPSS for Windows program and as a result of performing process-based integrated Mathematics Science activities, it was found that there were significant differences in sub-factors of science process skills and scientific attitude by age and sex. These results suggested that process-based integrated activities had positive influences on three-year and five-yeard old children.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.238-250
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between sexual knowledge, attitude, and satisfaction of sex education in university freshman. Methods: The participants were 275 freshman students under the age of 20 years old. Data were collected in 2017 using a self-report questionnaire. Results: The average scores of participants' sexual knowledge, attitude, and satisfaction of sex education were $24.22{\pm}4.94$ out of 38 points, $90.81{\pm}15.86$ out of 168 points, and $11.05{\pm}3.08$ out of 20 points, respectively. With respect to the demographic characteristics, there were statically significant differences in sexual knowledge according to chances of relationship engagement (F=6.19, p=.002) and residence type (F=3.67, p=.013). Both sexual attitudes and satisfaction of sex education showed significant differences by major (t=3.20, p=.002; t=2.65, p=.009), types of high school (F=3.39, p=.019; F=3.53, p=.015), and interest in previous sex education during teenage years (F=2.88, p=.015; F= 6.22, p<.001). Sexual knowledge showed a statistically significant correlation with attitudes (r=.153, p=.011). Conclusion: There is insufficient sex information available for college students. It is necessary in the future to develop sex education programs that are matched to college students' needs.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.79-95
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• 1997

The purpose of this empirical study is to examine the effects of middle-aged married women’s attitude and activity for leisure upon their life satisfaction. The samples were composed of 388 married women between 40 years and 59 years old, selected by age and local distribution. As the major findings of this study, the most decisive factors to enhance the life satisfaction are found as follows: First, the behavioral factor among the leisure attitudes is most affective to highten the life satisfaction. Second, self-development activity, friend-making activity and home-oriented activity are the most decisive factors in the category of participation rate of leisure activities. Third, in the types of leisure activities, leisure activity with husbands is the most affecting. Also, the economic factor of the samples was the most significant factor to affect the life satisfaction. The findings of this study provide some implications regarding the policies on the leisure facilities, leisure education programs, the governmental and social supporting systems, and the spontaneous efforts of women themselves to enhance the quality of life of the middle-aged married women.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.941-951
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• 2012

As smartphones permeate the consumer lifestyle, branded application and mobile shopping have also received increased attention as an important marketing channel. This study identifies the general information about the use of smartphones, attitudes toward fashion applications, and mobile shopping intentions for smartphone users. Focus group interviews were conducted and 22 interviewees participated. The age of the participants ranged from 21 to 45 years old (55% were females). When examining the motivation to adopt a smartphone, respondents presented the comparable characteristics of early adopters and late adopters according to the time of adoption. Most respondents over the age of 30 showed some troubles to use a smartphone; however, participants in their 20s tended to enjoy exploring the new technology. More than half of respondents were aware of fashion applications, but were dissatisfied with fashion apps and used them infrequently. Respondents pointed out that fashion related apps were not too practical because they were not updated regularly, provided only limited information, and focused on brand promotions. In order to increase the intention to adopt mobile shopping, the price and payment security system needs to be considered. This was an exploratory study to identify the possibility of fashion branded apps as a major distribution channel. The findings of this study provide fundamental information to formulate marketing strategies for fashion businesses that have developed fashion apps.