• Korean Security Journal
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• no.1
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• pp.123-134
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• 1997

Our conuntry have come out to the phenomenon to the atrocity crimes, make into a intellecture crims and specialization with them due to various change to the expension of economy growth, drift of population to cities and sense of value is plunged in confution, Now that things have come to this day, since foundation of the security guard law it first begin, ten years, civilian securities guard law was include to the civil service securities law due to amendment fo the civility secuties law newly on Dec. 30, 1995. According to the amendment, the part of the public peace of peoples livelihood were slough of the visual angle in knowledge which function of the civilies security were only be in under the government dimension were put in order to be tointly according to the such state of affairs, should found the consider a counterplan fundamentally regarding to the what to doing efforts foster the civilities securitylaw and qualitalive elevation of presidential guards. To make a long story short by few words, the question resolves itself into the following five points. The first, peoples arrengements for the attitude fo public duty service with devotedly Sustaining publicity work activities for the thire divert of the understanding of civilian security guard. The secondly, Existing security traders and security association should to support to the civilian security works. The third, The government office concerned should strengthen the licensing system in order to improve the quality of existings in order to may establishment newly systems of license and technical institute of regarding to them. The fourth, Should be newly organixed the exclusive organization of personal protective works in the police buroau for the sustaining development of civirity guard works and soundness of the upbringing. The fifth, It is necessary to found the reserch institute for the study on oretical, scholarly, study for the technical reserch and enlargement of effeciveness And try to find a solution to the Universitys function and duty, activity plan, support plan to the Department of security specialist for the come forward in succession it under the national assistance. The finally, I am sure that the Korean security association could be transiormed into the organization which reliable and receive a love from the peoples when doing best utmost to do pursuit of the structure to be a securitys legalism, specialization and total security systems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.76-87
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• 2019

This study was conducted to check the cabin crew's safety perception in relation to the airline's safety climate and cabin crew's safety action and to verify that the safety perception's mediation effects. The results of the study confirmed that all three factors of the safety climate have a significant impact on safety perception, and among them, safety practice is the most significant. Accordingly, Airlines need to establish a community that enables real-time information exchange for air accidents so that the cabin crew can present real-time examples of safety-related accidents. In addition, it will be necessary to work with external safety agencies to form an active attitude for the establishment of safety procedures in order to prevent recurrence of safety problems while considering the causes of such incidents internally in the event of an airline safety accident. In addition, it was confirmed that safety training was the most significant factor to safety action, among which all three elements of the safety climate had a significant effect on safety action. Therefore, airlines need to expand practical training on aircraft to full-scale safety training to build an immediate resolution for cabin crews in the event of an air accident. In addition, safety training should be established to encourage collaboration among aviation safety-related personnel to participate in safety training together to address aviation safety from a diverse point of view. Safety perception was has a significant effect on safe action. Therefore, airlines should reinforce the airline's safety management system by checking the status of the cabin crew's safety perception extending the level of punishment to the scope of retirement or disqualification to establish a firm awareness of safety. Finally, the safety perception has demonstrated partial mediation effects in relation to the safety climate and safety action. Therefore, the airline needs to improve the duties of the cabin crew that interferes with cabin safety duties. In addition, airlines should utilize advertisements emphasizing that safety is first.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.67-77
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• 2019

Today, companies are making efforts to improve the performance of workers by utilizing various IT-based mobile and internet devices. In pharmaceutical companies, salespeople are using the e-brochure to search for diverse expertise in real time. Through the e-brochure, pharmacists and doctors can be provided with the information they need, thereby increasing confidence in pharmaceuticals and salespeople. Salespeople can also use e-brochures to improve their work performance and to be more satisfied with their jobs. This study examines which functions of e-brochures satisfy salespeople and what attitudes to the e-brochures they need to have. This paper explains the effect of satisfaction and attitude to the e-brochures on job satisfaction through self-efficacy with statistical analysis. As a statistical result, the functions of e-brochures (professional knowledge, massive amount of data, easy searching, information updates, and the reflection of feedback) and attitudes to the e-brochures (importance, intention to use, belief in improvement, efficacy to use, and negative cognition) influence on self-efficacy of salespeople. Further, self-efficacy has mediating effects on the relationship between the functions of e-brochures / attitudes to e-brochures and job satisfaction. Exceptionally, the mediating effect of self-efficacy was not significant in relation to information updates / reflection of feedback and job satisfaction. These results will explain what functions should be focused for the future development of e-brochures. It will also suggest what attitudes the salespeople should have about e-brochures. Through these efforts, salespeople will be able to utilize new technology of e-brochures to satisfy their jobs and improve their performance.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.67-83
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• 1972

This study is designed to reveal the relationship of Army Nurses′ effectiveness to their perceptual orientation. Studies on nurses are very few despite of highly professional duties which deal with human lives. Effectiveness of nurses could be seen from both within and without. At present study, however, the researcher tried to work on the point of view of perceptual psychology. The study was designed !o fined the relationship of "Perceptual Orientation Scale"to their ratings training courses and experiences. The subjects are limited to nurses serving in the Army of the Republic of Korea. Many researches on nurses, such as Young Bok Lee(1970), Sook Ja Yoo(1971) Young Sook Hong (1970), Ik Do Choi (1966), are dealt with their attitude, morale, how to see their profession, adjustability and college lives, tut no one ever studied their subjective perceptual orientation. Method "Perceptual Orientation Scale"(Chunghoon Choy, 1971) was administered to 315 Army Nurses during the period of June to November 1971, and the relationship with their ratings by their supervising officers, training courses and their experiences were tested. All the relationship were calculated by the method of Chi-Squares. Result 1) There is no significant relationship between "Perceptual Orientation Scale" and their ratings. 2) There is no significant relationship between "Perceptual Orientation Scale" and their training courses. 3) There is no significant relationship between "Perceptual Orientation Scale" and their experiences. Conclusion As far as calculated result are concerned the research could not fined any Significant relationship. Therefore we can conclude that "Perceptual Orientation Scale"of the nurses has nothing to do with nurses effectiveness. It means the Army Nurses rating method has to be modified at once. Also we have to continue to fined mole significant effectiveness criteria and other researches be encouraged.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.181-208
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• 2010

Maternity services is often perceived as a troublesome business and obstetric litigation is on the increase in Western countries. Overall, the number of claim and cost of litigation to the NHS Litigation Authority (NHSLA) from maternity services in the UK is increasing every year. Maternity services account for 60-70% of the total sum paid. This has widespread implications for both the individual practitioners and the institutions where they work, due to increasing malpractice insurance premiums. Fear of litigation is also attracting fewer medical graduates into the specialty, leading to a recruitment crisis in obstetrics and gynaecology. The litigation process can cause pain, suffering and distress to clinicians as well as to the patients and their families. Litigation in maternity services is the result of a complex of events when malpractice (presumed or real) impacts on the attitude of pregnant women and their environment. In such complexity, information is mandatory but may often be misinterpreted. If messages are not tailored to the receiver's capacity, communicating well with the pregnant patient becomes crucial. Therefore, to reduce medicallegal issues in obstetrics, increasing attention and an applicable standard of obstetric care to avoid negligence and medical errors should go along with other measures. Considering UK's experiences, NHS redress scheme make it easier to pursue small claims and birth related claims, without necessarily reducing the number of claims processed through the conventional legal system and perhaps encouraging even more of them. The task of dealing with the greater number of inquiries into their practice would inevitably create an added burden for clinicians and hospital managers. Thus further proposals are required to limit the cost of processing inflated claims and to consider whether clinicians should be given some protection from litigation alleging a failure to prevent birth related impairment.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.261-268
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• 2023

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to examine the dysphagia knowledge, preventive attitudes toward dysphagia, and educational needs concerning geriatric oral health, of dental hygienists, and to provide fundamental information for recognizing the necessity of knowledge and education concerning geriatric oral health and for increasing educational needs. Methods: From April 1 to June 30, 2022, a questionnaire survey was administered to 198 dental hygienists via an online link. SPSS Statistics ver. 22.0 was used to conduct the frequency analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Regarding the difference in knowledge of dysphagia depending on general characteristics, the study participants had more knowledge of dysphagia when they were more interested in dysphagia and had a higher geriatric treatment frequency. The preventive attitudes toward dysphagia were strong in those who graduated from graduate school or higher, had more prevention and education at work, became more interested in dysphagia, received more education about dysphagia, had intention to receive additional education on dysphagia, and had a higher geriatric treatment frequency. Positive correlations were observed between knowledge of dysphagia, preventive attitudes toward dysphagia, and educational needs related to geriatric oral health. The educational needs related to geriatric oral health were found to be, significantly and positively influenced by preventive attitudes toward dysphagia, having master's degree or higher, knowledge of dysphagia, and intention to receive additional education on dysphagia. Conclusions: It is necessary to improve the quality of oral health services offered to older patients by having accurate knowledge of dysphagia implementing appropriate prevention practices for dysphagia, and understanding the educational content needed by the oral hygienists and developing an effective education program to enhance their professionalism.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.365-375
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• 1996

Improving of scientific inquiring ability is the major goal of current science curriculum, and the 6th science curriculum. But science educators consider that the existing textbooks and teaching manuals are insufficient to achieve this goal. For science teachers at teaching site to guide students efficiently in research work, development of teaching-learning programs is urgently demanded. Hypothesis Verification Learning Model(HVLM) was applied to classroom situation to improve ability of scientific inquiry in experiment teaching of middle school biology. The effects of the model were analyzed to suggest some approach method to reach the goal of science education in this study. The major results of this study are as following: 1. The students and teachers responded positively on this new learning model. an students were willing to participate in biology experiment and they said that to know what was unknown to them while exchanging ideas and opinions through the discussion, It was hard for teachers to instruct at the first time and it took much time for them to arrange materials ready, but it turned to be easier as time went on. 2. In science process skills, there was no significant difference statistically by new leaning model. Only the formulating a generalization or model showed significant difference statistically between the two groups. 3. For scientific attitude, experimental group did not show significant difference statistically between the two groups, but the experimental group showed statistically more significant positiveness in all areas afterwards than before. 4. In science achievement test, there was significantly higher than the control group. It is also analyzed that they remember the experiments in courses and results they planned and performed by themselves longer than these guided by teachers.

• Philosophy of Education
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• no.39
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• pp.191-221
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• 2009

The aim of this study is to analyse of elements and structure of consciousness theory in the 1887 Psychology written by John Dewey, and to research its educational implications. Conclusions are as follows: Firstly, consciousness theory articulated in first edition of Dewey's Psychology was influenced by neo-Hegelian G. S. Hall, and then characteristics of its theory was metaphysical and idealistic. But after of researching the work of William James, his approach to consciousness changed surprisingly from idealistic to experimental. His experimental approach and scientific attitude to it influenced the formation and development of advanced theories in his epistemology, axiology and pedagogy. Secondly, the structure of consciousness expressed by Dewey has three forms such as knowledge, feeling and will(or volition). This forms are too dynamic and unitary. Dewey considered cognition, feeling, will to be integral functions of each self. The tripartite functions of self, moreover, are unified in will. In other word, will combines subjective feeling and objective knowledge as one self. Will regulates impulse because it powers some stimulus into activity of self. In this view point, his theory of consciousness differs from traditional theories about consciousness for emphasizing dynamic relations and functions. Thirdly, Dewey's theory of consciousness will give some important implications to educational field. It is necessary to fundamental arguments about conscious conditions of learners as a human. For it is impossible to establish some aim of learning, to organize meaningful contents of learning, and also to create some effective methods of learning without consideration of this conditions. And it is important to construct and organize the contents and methods of learning for widening and deepening of educational experiences. Then consciousness and experiences of learners interact each other, so then they will produce some meaningful results of learning in this process.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.123-135
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to analyze the structural pattern of nurses' pain management with patients who experience pain. As a research method, the Q methodology, which is useful for an objective view of a highly abstract concept, was applied. The data collecting activity of this study was from August, 21st, 2000 to November, 24th 2000. The Q-population, the previous thesis and a literature review were done. Questions about pain management by the nurse on the patients, caregivers, nursing students, doctors, nurses, and others were asked in documentary work and in-depth interviews. In all, 223 units of the Q-population were formed, and the last 35 units of the Q-population were extracted. The data on the P-sample was collected from 41 nurses who worked in the medical and surgical units of a hospital that belonges to C university in Seoul. The research results were constituted in 3 types. Type I was the 'pattern of judging by objectivity'. The statement on which most of the people highly agreed for those patterns was shown by 'If patients said that they are suffering from pain, we sufficiently performed an assessment about the etiology, location, duration and degree'. For type I, the same pain was found in different locations according to the patients, so the etiology of the pain should be identified first place. Since ways of coping are different according to pain etiology, it was thought that it is important to assess sufficiently the pain etiology, location, duration, and degree. Therefore, when patients complain of pain, the pain etiology should be identified and assessed; according to the result, pain management should be performed systematically. Type II was the 'pattern of accepting by subjectivity'. The statement on which most of the people highly agreed for those patterns was shown as 'If patients said that they are suffering from pain, the medical treatment should be performed rapidly and speedily.' For type II, when the patient complains of pain, treatment should be performed quickly in order to prevent the condition getting worse, and it is thought that activity is a reasonable duty. Further, by trying to show empathy after pain is admitted and by understanding and coping rapidly with the pain of patients, an attitude which matched the altruistic morals of nurses is being shown. Type III was the 'pattern of worrying about', and the statement on which most of the people highly agreed for those patterns was shown is 'When there is a pain, to help patients to tolerate the pain to the highest degree.' In type III, the pain is a subjective expression, so there is a difference according to every individual. Therefore, actually if there is no measurement of pain, it could be exaggerated so nurses should help patients to tolerate it to the utmost. Even if there is a way to remove pain without an analgesic drug, nurses were reluctant to perform pain management as they possibly could. Through these research results, pain management of nurses was classified in 3 types, and structural characteristics in each type were discovered. Based upon the characteristics according to the type, an individualized pain management intervention strategy should be established and the follow up work performed.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2011

Modern medicine has early experienced the absence of mimesis and has been trying to replace the absence with objective grounds and experimental data. However, as medicine became science, the crisis of medicine spread more widely. Microscopic powers and violences are invisible, but individuals are powerless and vainly unable to resist. The anguish or introspection about the situation is sometimes described in stories such as An Engagement by Lee Eung Jun. An Engagement is mentioned in this article due to the writer's attitude, which shows his introspection and desire for harmony through the wounds of each trivial character. The writer is unceasingly talking about suffering people in his story and his seriousness enables readers to find his stronger sympathy over life and death than in any other medical stories. In fact, it is impossible for readers to comprehend the confusing propositions which the writer pours out, and even uncomfortable to read the story. Nevertheless, the propositions are always in contact with reality. Perhaps it is not the writer's confusing propositions that make us uncomfortable. It might be ourselves who are always alienated and starved. We can say that the characters' pains and wounds are phantom pains caused by the absence of mimesis. Since there is no affected area, their pains cannot be measured by only scientific medicine. However, the current medical profession regards objective research evidences as absolute truth and allows them to be the sole criterion. Although scientific skills such as DNA analysis and MRI scan can be the substitutes for doctors' judgment, so much of medicine is still interpersonal relationships. An Engagement. As a person promises to marry another, as all beings together in the world promise to subordinate to one another, every subject is consistently a valuable part of each other for the writer's eyes. He is aware that it is originally impossible to get engaged to the world, but he does not give up the possibility of genuine communication. In today's post-modernism society, where a large number of pathological views define the members and the world itself, endless questioning of existence and digging into pathology will be the only way to reduce the gap between individuals and their world. This article does not say that a literary work will lead the change of medical paradigm. It sprang from a desire for medical humanities to gain more interest of the medical field, where the encounter between literature and medicine is still unfamiliar, and to make medical education recognize the importance of humanities. Starting with this work, I believe that the humanities will help us to find the solution to the age of absence of mimesis and to the crisis of medicine.